Things to know for the midterm
chemical, physical properties
chemical, physical changes
pure substances vs mixtures
homogeneous, heterogeneous mixtures
recognize endothermic and endothermic processes
significant figures
count them
rounding
in calculations
scientific notation
metric system
know the basic units
prefixes: know nano through tera
know an English <==> metric conversion of each type, e.g.,
1 inch = 2.54 cm, 1 pound = 453.6 g, 1 liter = 1.057 qt
5
be able to use the equation o C = (o F -32)
9
convert to, from Kelvins
unit algebra (dimensional analysis) – be able to do it
elements of Dalton's Atomic Theory
atomic structure
charges and relative sizes of protons, neutrons, electrons
nucleus of the atom
isotopes
understand what they are
understand, interpret isotopic notation ( AZ X )
%
%
be able to use the equation: average atomic mass = (mass1 )( 1 ) + (mass 2 )( 2 ) + . . .
100
100
periodic table
identify elements by group number
identify metals, non-metals, transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, alkali metals, alkaline earths,
halogens, noble gases
know the names and symbols for elements 1 – 20, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Sn, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb
atomic mass
calculate average atomic mass
electromagnetic radiation
understand the relationship between frequency, wavelength, energy, and color (for visible light)
define:
quantized energy
spectrum
quantum
photon
understand the Bohr model of the atom and how it explains the hydrogen spectrum
quantum mechanical model of the atom
relationship between shells, sub-shells, orbitals
orbital shapes
energy level diagrams
write, interpret electron configurations including noble gas shorthand
know the trends and make predictions about relative
atomic size
ionization energy
electronegativity
count valence electrons
how ions form
bonding
the octet rule
the nature of the ionic bond
the nature of the covalent bond
single, double, and triple bonds
Lewis structures
octet rule
draw Lewis structures from formulas
exceptions to the octet rule
VSEPR Theory
from the chemical formula predict:
molecular geometry
electron geometry
bond angles
polar or non-polar bonds
polar or non-polar molecules.
A periodic table will be provided.