CHAPTER 11 KEY LEARNING GOALS
11.1 Define the construct of personality in terms of consistency and distinctiveness.
11.2 Clarify what is meant by a personality trait and describe the five-factor model of personality.
11.3 Summarize relations between the Big Five traits and life outcomes.
11.4 Distinguish among the three components of personality and the three levels of awareness in
Freud’s theory.
11.5 Explain the role of anxiety in Freud's theory and the operation of defense mechanisms.
11.6 Describe Freud's psychosexual stages of development and their importance.
11.7 Summarize the revisions of Freud's theory proposed by Jung and Adler.
11.8 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the psychodynamic approach to personality.
11.9 Review how Skinner's principles of operant conditioning can be applied to the development
of personality.
11.10 Describe Bandura's social cognitive theory and research findings on self-efficacy.
11.11 Identify Mischel's major contribution and discuss the resolution of the person-situation
debate.
11.12 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the behavioral approach to personality.
11.13 Identify the impetus for, and assumptions of, humanism.
11.14 Articulate Rogers's views on self-concept, development, and defensive behavior.
11.15 Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and summarize his findings on self-actualizing
persons.
11.16 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the humanistic approach to personality.
11.17 Outline Eysenck's views of personality structure and development.
11.18 Summarize the findings of behavioral genetics research on personality.
11.19 Articulate the evolutionary explanations of Buss and Nettle for why the Big Five traits are
important.
11.20 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the biological approach to personality.
11.21 Understand the chief concepts and hypotheses of terror management theory.
11.22 Describe how reminders of death influence people’s behavior.
11.23 Clarify how researchers have found both cross-cultural similarities and disparities in
personality.
11.24 Explain Markus and Kitayama’s research on cultural variations in conceptions of self.
11.25 Identify the three unifying themes highlighted in this chapter.
11.26 Describe several prominent personality inventories and evaluate the strengths and
weaknesses of self-report inventories.
11.27 Describe and evaluate projective testing, and analyze the emerging role of the Internet in
personality assessment.
11.28 Understand how hindsight bias affects everyday analyses and theoretical analyses of
personality.