106729168
Unit 02 Grammar
CH2
Present Perfect
Simple past and past progressive
Comparatives and superlatives
Perfect Tense – Simple Form
The simple past tense expresses a completed action that happened in the past.
(Subj + HAVE + Verb-past participle + Obj) - [past participle = -ed]
I have eaten lunch.(completed action in the past)*
I have worked at home. (usually expressed with for [amount of time], or since [time in past])
*Note: although the simple past and the perfect have the same meaning in this case, they are not
used the same way in more advanced sentence formation and may have small differences
in specific meanings.
Past tense (simple)
The simple past tense expresses an action that happened in the past.
(Subj + Verb-past participle + Obj) - [past participle = -ed]
I ate lunch. (action in the past)*
I worked at home.
Past Continuous / Past Progressive
The Past Continuous / Past Progressive expresses an action that happened over a period of time
in the past – (Subj + past BE verb + Verb-ing+ Obj)
I was eating lunch.
I was working at home.
Comparatives & Superlatives
Comparatives
Person
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
Singular
I
You
He/She/It
Subject/Noun
Verb
Person
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
= 【文】主詞 /【文】名詞
= 【文】動詞
Plural
We
You
They
106729168
Auxiliary/Helping Verb
Object/Noun
Adjective
Preposition
Conjunction
= 助動詞
= 【文】受詞 /【文】名詞
= 形容詞
= 【文】介系詞,前置詞
= 【文】連接詞
One Syllable
I
am
Subj.
Verb
bigger
Comparative Adj.
than
you.
Object
One Syllable + Y
I
am
Subj.
Verb
uglier
Comparative Adj.
than
you.
Object
Two or more syllables
I
am
Subj.
Verb
more/less artistic
Comparative Adj.
than
you.
Object
One Syllable Adj.
Fat/thin
Small/tall/short
Long/short
Blue
Sad
Mad/glad
Bad/good
Light
Cheap
One Syllable + Y ADJ
Happy
Heavy
Busy
Healthy
Wealthy
Lucky
Friendly
Pretty
Two or more syllables ADJ
Expensive
Powerful
Beautiful
Wonderful
Artistic
Creative
Difficult
Humorous
Comparatives (uses adjectives)
One syllable add -er
One syllable + -y add -ier
106729168
Tall
Small
Old
Happy
Easy
Pretty
Taller
Smaller
Older
happier
easier
prettier
Two syllables or more = more + word
Beautiful
Wonderful
Exciting
Expensive
More beautiful
More wonderful
More exciting
More expensive
Superlatives
Short word
1 syllable = est
1 syllable + Y = iest
Very – Very + ADJ/ADV
Really – Really + ADJ/ADV/VERB
Long word
2 or more syllables = the most + word