1 Table S2. Parentage results for calves that had both parents assigned based on maximum likelihood analyses in CERVUS and COLONY. 2 Parentage was accepted at the strict 95% confidence level (Calf YOB*) or the relaxed 80% level (Calf YOB+). If known, the photo-ID of the 3 assigned parent is included in parentheses after the genetic-ID to facilitate comparisons with previous Port Stephens’ studies. Males in the same 4 alliances are grouped together. For each male, we provide the number of paternities assigned above the 80% confidence level (N), alliance status 5 and size in the year of birth for the sired calf (average alliance size over eight years if YOB unknown), alliance stability index (ASI), estimates 6 of 50% core area (CA) and 95% home range size (HR), percentage CA and HR overlap with assigned mother and co-membership of the mated 7 pair. ASI refers to the length of time a male was allied with the same partner(s) over an eight year period. Accepted father (Photo-ID) PS3 (12) N Accepted mother (Photo-ID) Calf YOB 2 PS101 (13) PS24 (30) 1 3 PS100 (129) 2 PS13 (118) 3 PS8 (73) PS84 (18) PS659 (61) PS90 (36) PS421 (44) NC600 Not sampled #1 Not sampled #2 PS20 PS421 (44) <1998* <1999* 2004* 2001* 1999/2000 + 1998* <1998* <1998+ 2002/03* 2001+ Male allied? / Average alliance size ± SE Unknown / 3 ± 0 Unknown / 3 ± 0 Yes / 3 Yes / 3 Yes / 3 Yes / 3 Unknown / 3 ± 0 Unknown / 3 ± 0 Yes / 4 Yes / 4 ASI CA / HR (km2) 4 39 / 161 4 4 38 / 154 38 / 193 4 31/169 4 29 / 116 Overlap % with mother (CA/HR) 0.54 / 1.00 0.97 / 1.00 0.25 / 0.78 0.97 / 0.98 1.00 / 0.88 0.21 / 0.74 Co-membership Community Group Population Community Community Different Group/Com Population PS50 (119) 7 PS646 (52) PS85 (68) PS90 (36) BI404 Not sampled #1 PS16 (120) 3 PS108 (139) PS52 (140) PS26 (19) 1 1 2 PS93 (2) 2 PS25 (40) 2 PS75 (33) BI407 (?) 1 2 Not sampled #2 PS19 (64) PS72 (83) Not sampled Not sampled (11) PS102 (62) PS21 (66) Not sampled (3) PS91 (6) PS646 (52) PS300 (22) Not sampled PS84 (18) PS84 (18) PS91 (6) <1999* < 1999+ 2000+ <1998* 2005/06* 2002/03* 2007* 2005/06* 2000* 2002+ 2006* 2001* 2002* <1998* 2002+ 2001/02* 2003/04* <1999* 2007* <1999+ 2006* 1999+ Unknown / 4 ± 0 Unknown / 4 ± 0 Yes / 4 Unknown / 4 ± 0 Yes / 4 Yes / 4 Yes / 4 Yes / 4 Yes / 4 Yes / 4 Yes / 4 Yes / 3 Yes / 3 Unknown / 1.33 ± 0.3 No Yes / 2 Unknown / 1.75 ± 0.5 Unknown / 2.25 ± 0.6 Yes / 2 Unknown /1.5 ± 0.3 Unknown 4 31 / 123 0.62 / 0.66 0.50 / 0.83 Population Group/Com 0.81 / 0.79 Population Different Group/Com 4 30 / 119 0.37 / 0.75 0.01 / 0.71 3 3 3 42 / 155 51 / 205 7 / 28 2 12 / 54 2 14 / 58 0.00 / 0.63 0.76 / 0.89 0.00 / 0.13 0.37 / 0.38 0.89 / 0.73 0.92 / 0.86 0.57 / 0.82 2 16 / 66 0.55 / 0.70 Group/Com Group/Com Population Group/Com Population Group/Com Population Group Group Group Community Group Different Different