Unit 1 Review – Cellular Biology 
1.
State the FUNCTION of each of the following organelles: Cell Membrane,
Nucleus, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Vacuole, Ribosome, Cell Wall,
Chloroplasts
2. State 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
3. Explain why muscle cells have more mitochondria then cheek cells.
4. State the 8 characteristics that indicate that something is alive.
5. State what cells use each of the following macromolecules for: water, proteins,
lipids & carbohydrates. List some foods that contain each of these nutrients.
6. Recognize the structural diagrams for an amino acid, a lipid and a
monosaccharide.
7. What is the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and a
polysaccharide?
8. What is the major difference between passive transport and active transport?
9. How does diffusion work? Is this passive or active transport?
10. Explain facilitated diffusion.
11. What is osmosis? How can osmosis damage cells when the conditions are poor?
12. Why is active transport necessary?
13. Be able to interpret results from osmosis experiments. Understand the
importance of having cells in isotonic solutions.
14. a) What is the role of ATP in a cell?
b) When energy is released from ATP what does it become?
c) What would happen to an organism that does not produce enough ATP? Why?
15. Explain endocytosis and exocytosis. What are these used for?
16. How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? Why is shape important to
enzymes?
17. What conditions stop enzymes from working?
18. Why would a cleaning company prefer to use a new cleaning powder with enzymes
even though it is a little more expensive?
19. What is cellular respiration and why is it so important?
20. What is photosynthesis? Why is it so important?
21. What are the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis? Be able to
interpret graphs.
22. Describe anaerobic respiration in plants and animals and the uses of these
processes for humans.