Integumentary System Practice Test
1.
Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?
A)
fat production
B)
vitamin C production
C)
regulation of body pH
D)
protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
E)
vitamin A production
Answer: d
Level: 1
2.
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is:
A)
protection from cancer.
B)
production of Vitamin E.
C)
detection of painful stimuli.
D)
regulation of acid-base balance.
E)
prevention of albinism.
Answer: c
Level: 1
3.
The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the
A)
dermis.
B)
epidermis.
C)
hypodermis.
D)
mesodermis.
E)
papillary layer.
Answer: b
Level: 1
4.
Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?
A)
Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
B)
Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
C)
The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.
D)
The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
E)
The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.
Answer: b
Level: 1
5.
Body fat in the hypodermis
A)
varies with age and sex.
B)
helps regulate body temperature.
C)
provides protection against infection.
D)
is a thin layer in infants.
E)
connects the dermis with the epidermis.
Answer: a
Level: 1
6.
The dermis
A)
contains no blood vessels.
B)
functions as padding and insulation.
C)
is divided into three distinct layers.
D)
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
E)
does not contain connective tissue.
Answer: d
Level: 1
7.
When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis,
A)
the dermis has more fat cells than the hypodermis.
B)
the dermis is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis.
C)
the dermis is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
D)
the dermis contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not.
E)
the dermis and the hypodermis do not contain collagen.
Answer: c
Level: 1
8.
Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the
A)
dermis.
B)
epidermis.
C)
melanocytes.
D)
stratum corneum.
E)
hypodermis
Answer: a
Level: 2
9.
Keloid scars are raised, thick, and irregular in appearance. A possible cause of keloid scarring is an
incision made across the
A)
epidermis.
B)
stratum spinosum.
C)
cleavage lines of the dermis.
D)
hypodermis.
E)
stratum corneum
Answer: c
Level: 1
10.
The sloughing off of older cells from the surface of the skin is called
A)
pollination.
B)
keratinization.
C)
melaninization.
D)
germination.
E)
desquamination
Answer: e
Level: 1
11.
Keratinocytes
A)
produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.
B)
are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.
C)
are special cells of the immune system.
D)
are responsible for the permeability characteristics of the epidermis.
E)
determine thickness of the skin.
Answer: d
Level: 2
12.
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?
A)
The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
B)
The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
C)
The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
D)
The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
E)
The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.
Answer: d
Level: 1
13.
The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
A)
stratum basale.
B)
stratum granulosum.
C)
stratum lucidum.
D)
stratum corneum.
E)
stratum dermum.
Answer: a
Level: 1
14.
The stratum basale
A)
is easily shed when you rub your hands together.
B)
has a mixture of living and dead cells – mostly dead.
C)
contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.
D)
contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
E)
contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.
Answer: d
Level: 1
15.
Keratinization
A)
occurs in the dermis.
B)
results in the formation of new epidermal cells.
C)
produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.
D)
determines skin color.
E)
does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.
Answer: c
Level: 1
16.
The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the
A)
stratum basale and stratum spinosum.
B)
stratum corneum and stratum lucidum.
C)
stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.
D)
stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum.
E)
stratum basale and stratum corneum
Answer: a
Level: 1
17.
In which of the following does desquamation of the stratum corneum occur?
A)
biting fingernails
B)
losing hair from your scalp
C)
a 5-minute surgical scrub
D)
scar formation
E)
hair growth
Answer: c
Level: 2
18.
Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the
most superficial?
A)
stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum
B)
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
C)
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum
D)
stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum
E)
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
Answer: b
Level: 1
19.
Thick skin
A)
has three different epidermal strata.
B)
has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.
C)
is found covering most of the body.
D)
is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.
E)
is determined by the thickness of the dermis.
Answer: d
Level: 1
20.
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called
A)
striae.
B)
cleavage lines.
C)
reticular lines.
D)
melanocytes.
E)
papillae.
Answer: e
Level: 1
21.
Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints
A)
are associated with thin skin.
B)
improve the grip of the hands.
C)
decrease friction on surfaces where they are located.
D)
are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis.
E)
tend to make the surface smooth.
Answer: b
Level: 2
22.
Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following?
A)
stratum spinosum
B)
stratum granulosum
C)
stratum lucidum
D)
stratum corneum
E)
stratum basale
Answer: c
Level: 1
23.
Skin color is the result of
A)
the quantity of melanin in the skin.
B)
the number of keratinocytes in the skin.
C)
the amount of fat in the hypodermis.
D)
the thickness of the stratum basale.
E)
the number of melanocytes in the skin.
Answer: a
Level: 1
24.
If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layers were cut?
A)
stratum corneum
B)
stratum basale
C)
dermis
D)
hypodermis
E)
all of these layers
Answer: e
Level: 2
25.
Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency,
which layer of the skin would be most affected?
A)
reticular layer of dermis
B)
stratum corneum
C)
stratum granulosum
D)
epidermis
E)
stratum basale
Answer: a
Level: 3
26.
Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut did bleed, but did not penetrate to the hypodermis. The most
superficial layer penetrated is
A)
the stratum spinosum.
B)
the stratum granulosum.
C)
the stratum basale.
D)
the reticular layer of the dermis.
E)
the papillary layer of the dermis.
Answer: e
Level: 2
27.
Melanin production can be influenced by
A)
genetics.
B)
hormones.
C)
exposure to sunlight.
D)
pregnancy.
E)
all of these
Answer: e
Level: 1
28.
Melanin
A)
is transferred to other cells by osmosis.
B)
is increased with exposure to infrared light.
C)
is absent in individuals known as albinos.
D)
is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum.
E)
makes the skin lighter.
Answer: c
Level: 2
29.
Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true?
A)
During pregnancy melanin production is increased.
B)
Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin.
C)
In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced.
D)
Men produce more melanin than women.
E)
Melanin is a white pigment.
Answer: a
Level: 1
30.
Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have
A)
more melanocytes than races with darker skins.
B)
fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.
C)
approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.
D)
more melanin in their skin.
E)
a different kind of melanin in their skin.
Answer: c
Level: 1
31.
The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from
A)
a lack of melanin in the area.
B)
the light-scattering properties of collagen.
C)
the superficial location of skin pigments.
D)
an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area.
E)
a lack of oxygen in the blood.
Answer: b
Level: 1
32.
A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's
skin will
A)
become pale.
B)
have a reddish hue.
C)
develop a yellow tint.
D)
become bright red.
E)
not change color.
Answer: a
Level: 3
33.
Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called
A)
terminal hairs.
B)
primary hairs.
C)
lanugo hairs.
D)
vellus hairs.
E)
secondary hairs.
Answer: c
Level: 1
34.
At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called
A)
terminal hairs.
B)
primary hairs.
C)
lanugo hairs.
D)
vellus hairs.
E)
pubic hairs.
Answer: a
Level: 1
35.
Which of the following statements is true?
A)
In males the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs.
B)
Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented.
C)
The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair.
D)
At puberty much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair.
E)
Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.
Answer: d
Level: 1
36.
The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the
A)
hair bulb.
B)
hair root.
C)
hair shaft.
D)
hair follicle.
E)
dermal papilla.
Answer: c
Level: 1
37.
Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?
A)
black
B)
brown
C)
red
D)
white
E)
auburn
Answer: d
Level: 1
38.
Which of the following statements is true?
A)
Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells.
B)
Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.
C)
The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath.
D)
The matrix forms the hair surface.
E)
The hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands.
Answer: b
Level: 2
39.
The length of hair is determined by
A)
the size of the hair bulb.
B)
the angle of the hair root.
C)
the rate of hair growth.
D)
the length of the resting stage.
E)
the age of the person.
Answer: c
Level: 1
40.
Baldness
A)
occurs only in men.
B)
is related to estrogen levels.
C)
is related to levels of growth hormone.
D)
is not genetic
E)
is more common in men than in women.
Answer: e
Level: 1
41.
All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception.
A)
The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.
B)
Hair growth occurs in cycles with growth and resting stages.
C)
In pattern baldness those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair.
D)
Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs.
E)
Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.
Answer: a
Level: 1
42.
When the arrector pili muscles contract
A)
the body is able to lose heat.
B)
"goose bumps" form on the skin.
C)
the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl.
D)
the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin.
E)
no change is noted on the skin surface.
Answer: b
Level: 1
43.
Which of the following statements is false?
A)
Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
B)
Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
C)
Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
D)
Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
E)
Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.
Answer: d
Level: 1
44.
The activity of apocrine sweat glands
A)
produces cerumen.
B)
leads to body odor.
C)
gives the skin a healthy glow.
D)
produces sweat on the palm of the hand.
E)
produces an oily secretion.
Answer: b
Level: 1
45.
Sweat glands
A)
aid in cooling the body.
B)
serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.
C)
produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin.
D)
produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.
E)
are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.
Answer: a
Level: 2
46.
Sweat
A)
is a hypertonic fluid.
B)
is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland.
C)
contains only water.
D)
reaches the body only through the hair follicles.
E)
is not associated with emotions.
Answer: b
Level: 1
47.
Skin glands do not include
A)
sebaceous glands.
B)
salivary glands.
C)
ceruminous glands.
D)
mammary glands.
E)
sweat glands.
Answer: b
Level: 1
48.
Nails
A)
protect the ends of digits.
B)
alternate between growing and resting stages.
C)
grow from their free edges.
D)
are part of the dermis.
E)
are soft keratin.
Answer: a
Level: 1
49.
The nail root and the nail body attach to the
A)
lunula.
B)
nail bed.
C)
nail groove.
D)
hyponychium.
E)
hypodermis.
Answer: b
Level: 1
50.
The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the
A)
stratum corneum.
B)
stratum lucidum.
C)
stratum germinativum.
D)
stratum spinosum.
E)
stratum lunula.
Answer: c
Level: 1
51.
Nail cells are produced by the
A)
lunula.
B)
cuticle.
C)
nail body.
D)
nail matrix.
E)
nail groove.
Answer: d
Level: 1
52.
The nail proper is composed of the
A)
stratum corneum.
B)
stratum lucidum.
C)
stratum germinativum.
D)
stratum spinosum.
E)
all of these
Answer: a
Level: 1
53.
One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through
the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved?
A)
proteins
B)
water-soluble substances
C)
lipid-soluble substances
D)
carbohydrates
E)
amino acids
Answer: c
Level: 2
54.
Intact skin provides protection because
A)
it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.
B)
its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline.
C)
the skin contains components of the excretory system.
D)
the skin enhances water loss from the body.
E)
macrophages roam in the epidermis.
Answer: a
Level: 1
55.
An increase in body temperature causes
A)
sweating.
B)
arterioles in the dermis to constrict.
C)
arrector pili muscles to contract.
D)
an increase in keratinization of the skin.
E)
an increase in melanin production.
Answer: a
Level: 2
56.
Which of the following will help cool the body?
A)
absorption of ultraviolet light rays by the skin
B)
evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface
C)
contraction of the arrector pili muscles
D)
decreased blood flow to the skin
E)
absorption of excess sweat
Answer: b
Level: 1
57.
An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following?
A)
fluid retention by the kidney
B)
increased melanin production
C)
portal of entry for microorganisms
D)
loss of cell regeneration ability
E)
irreversible damage to the epidermis
Answer: c
Level: 1
58.
On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from
A)
constriction of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks.
B)
dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks.
C)
damage to the epidermis by the cold.
D)
constriction of the sweat glands in the cheeks.
E)
increased permeability of superficial vessels.
Answer: b
Level: 2
59.
Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?
A)
vitamin A
B)
vitamin B
C)
vitamin C
D)
vitamin D
E)
vitamin E
Answer: d
Level: 1
60.
Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false?
A)
Vitamin D begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light.
B)
Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.
C)
Vitamin D is necessary for the uptake of calcium from the intestine.
D)
Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth.
E)
Vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis.
Answer: b
Level: 2
61.
Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from
vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is
A)
they do not need vitamin D.
B)
their exposure to U.V. light in the summer will last for a year.
C)
they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals.
D)
they do not require sunlight for vitamin D formation.
E)
their bodies produce vitamin D another way.
Answer: c
Level: 2
62.
Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His would
was what type of burn?
A)
first degree
B)
second degree
C)
third degree
D)
fourth degree
E)
fifth degree
Answer: b
Level: 1
63.
Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging?
A)
Skin becomes thicker.
B)
There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin.
C)
Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.
D)
Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.
E)
The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.
Answer: c
Level: 1
64.
With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the
winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly
A)
no longer experience hot flashes at night.
B)
exhibit a decrease in melanin production.
C)
experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.
D)
have less blood flowing to the skin.
E)
have an increase in desquamation.
Answer: c
Level: 1
65.
Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he
produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which
of the following changes account for the observations?
1. He has fewer functional hair follicles now.
2. He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now.
3. He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now.
4. He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now.
A)
1, 2, 3, 4
B)
1, 2, 3
C)
1, 2, 4
D)
1, 3, 4
E)
1, 2
Answer: e
Level: 3
Refer to the following figure for questions 66-69.
66.
What does structure “A” represent on the diagram?
A)
hair follicle
B)
arrector pili
C)
dermis
D)
hypodermis
E)
sebaceous gland
Answer: e
Level: 1
66.
What does structure “B” represent on the diagram?
A)
hair follicle
B)
arrector pili
C)
dermis
D)
hypodermis
E)
sebaceous gland
Answer: c
Level: 1
67.
What does structure “C” represent on the diagram?
A)
hair follicle
B)
arrector pili
C)
dermis
D)
hypodermis
E)
sebaceous gland
Answer: d
Level: 1
68.
What does structure “D” represent on the diagram?
A)
hair follicle
B)
arrector pili
C)
dermis
D)
hypodermis
E)
sebaceous gland
Answer: b
Level: 1
69.
What does structure “E” represent on the diagram?
A)
hair follicle
B)
arrector pili
C)
dermis
D)
hypodermis
E)
sebaceous gland
Answer: a
Level: 1
For questions 70 to 74 match the following terms with the appropriate definition or description.
A)
rupturing the dermis may cause these to develop
B)
responsible for most of the skin’s structural strength
C)
the main fibrous layer of the dermis
D)
close to the epidermis
E)
site of fat storage
70.
dermis
Answer: b
Level: 1
71.
reticular layer
Answer: c
Level: 1
72.
papillary layer
Answer: d
Level: 1
73.
stretch marks
Answer: a
Level: 1
74.
hypodermis
Answer: e
Level: 1
For questions 75 to 79 match the following layers with the appropriate description.
A)
the cells in this layer contain many granules of keratohyalin
B)
this stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells
C)
the layer in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity
D)
several layers of cells held together by desmosomes
E)
this layer is found only in thick skin
75.
stratum basale
Answer: c
Level: 1
76.
stratum spinosum
Answer: d
Level: 1
77.
stratum granulosum
Answer: a
Level: 1
78.
stratum lucidum
Answer: e
Level: 1
79.
stratum corneum
Answer: b
Level: 1
For questions 80 to 84 match the following parts of a hair with the appropriate description.
A)
surface of the hair
B)
the central axis of the hair
C)
an expanded knob at the base of the hair root
D)
the portion of the hair below the surface of the skin
E)
that portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin
80.
shaft
Answer: e
Level: 1
81.
cuticle
Answer: a
Level: 1
82.
hair bulb
Answer: c
Level: 1
83.
medulla
Answer: b
Level: 1
84.
root
Answer: d
Level: 1
For questions 85 to 89 match the following parts of a nail with the appropriate description.
A)
stratum corneum beneath the free edge of the nail
B)
skin that covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail
C)
the proximal portion of the nail
D)
the distal portion of the nail
E)
synonymous with the cuticle
85.
nail root
Answer: c
Level: 2
86.
nail body
Answer: d
Level: 2
87.
nail fold
Answer: b
Level: 1
88.
eponychium
Answer: e
Level: 1
89.
hyponychium
Answer: a
Level: 1
For questions 90 to 94 match the following terms with the appropriate description.
A)
inflammatory condition of the skin
B)
a yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin
C)
a genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin
D)
bluish skin color caused by decrease in blood oxygen
E)
vesicles that contain melanin
90.
melanosomes
Answer: e
Level: 1
91.
albinism
Answer: c
Level: 1
92.
dermatitis
Answer: a
Level: 1
93.
carotene
Answer: b
Level: 1
94.
cyanosis
Answer: d
Level: 1
95.
The skin is attached to underlying bone and muscle by the _______.
Answer: hypodermis
Level: 1
96.
Sloughing of the outer layer of skin cells is called _______.
Answer: desquamation
Level: 1
97.
The deepest layer or strata of the epidermis is the _______.
Answer: stratum basale
Level: 1
98.
Melanin is produced only by _______.
Answer: melanocytes
Level: 1
99.
Hair is formed by the cells of the _______.
Answer: matrix
Level: 1
100.
Body odor results from secretions from the _______ sweat glands.
Answer: apocrine
Level: 1
101.
Sweat is involved in the regulation of _______.
Answer: body temperature
Level: 1
102.
What is the functional relationship between melanin, melanocytes, and tanning of the skin?
Answer: Melanocytes are cells in the skin that produce the skin pigment melanin. Melanin production is influenced
by exposure to the sun. Ultraviolet light from the sun darkens the melanin already present and stimulates more
melanin production, resulting in tanning of the skin.
Level: 3
103.
What might happen to the skin color of an individual whose diet was mainly carrots, tomatoes, and other
yellow vegetables?
Answer: The skin of this individual would have a yellow to orange tint because of the excess carotene consumed.
The carotene accumulates in the stratum corneum and in the fat cells of the dermis and hypodermis.
Level: 3
104.
If you pluck your eyebrows, will the hairs grow back? Why or why not?
Answer: Yes, they will grow back. The hair bulb at the base of the root hair contains undifferentiated epithelial cells
that will produce a new hair after the old one has been plucked out.
Level: 3
105.
As the body ages, a number of changes are noted. Explain the cause of each of the following changes
associated with aging:
a. dry skin; b. wrinkles; c. age spots; d. gray hairs.
Answer: a. Dry skin is a result of a decrease in the activity of the sebaceous glands in the skin.
b. Wrinkles are the result of a decrease in elastic fibers in the dermis and a decrease in thickness of the subcutaneous
layer of the skin.
c. An increase in melanocytes in localized areas, such as the hands and face, accompanied by a decrease in the
number of functional melanocytes in other areas of the body, will cause age spots.
d. Gray or white hairs occur in aging as a result of a decrease or a lack of melanin production in the hair. The
number of melanocytes may also decrease.
Level: 3
106.
Both patient A and patient B suffered burns to their legs when their space heater exploded. Patient A
suffered a partial thickness burn while patient B suffered a full thickness burn. Predict the effect their burns will
have on skin regeneration and hair growth.
Answer: Patient A experienced damage to the epidermis and slight damage to the dermis. However, the skin will
regenerate and the hair will grow replacing the skin and hair damaged by the burn. Patient B suffered damage to all
of the epidermis plus the dermis. Since the dermis was destroyed, the hair follicles were also destroyed. The skin
cannot regenerate itself from below nor will any hair regrow. This burn will regenerate from the sides and require
skin grafts.
Level: 3
107.
Why are older individuals more prone to heat prostration?
Answer: Heat prostration occurs in the elderly because blood flow to the skin is reduced. This reduces the ability of
the skin to dissipate heat from the body. In addition, the elderly experience a decrease in the ability to produce
sweat. This also interferes with cooling of the body.
Level: 3
108.
Explain how the integumentary system is used to diagnose each of the following: a. cyanosis b. jaundice
Answer: a. Observation of a bluish skin color indicates impairment of circulation and/or respiration. B. Observation
of yellow skin color indicates excess bile pigments in the blood.
109.
Explain each of the following:
a. blackheads
b. goose bumps
c. greasy hair
d. pores on the face
e. blisters
Answer: a. Blackheads result when the duct of a sebaceous gland is blocked with sebum that oxidizes.
b. Contraction of arrector pili muscles on the skin will "dimple" the skin forming "bumps."
c. Greasy hair is the result of sebum secretion onto the hair.
d. Pores on the face are the surface openings of hair follicles and their associated sebaceous glands.
e. A blister forms when severe short term friction to the skin causes the epidermis to be separated from the dermis
by a fluid-filled packet.
Level: 3