1º ESO
HISTORY
HISTORY is the study of the past
How?
Observing
Studying _____ REMAINS-SOURCES
Reading
SOURCES can be Physical- buildings,objects
Written-- texts
Oral- talking to people
ARCHAEOLOGISTS study physical remains
HISTORIANS use different sources
COUNTING THE YEARS
WHEN we count the years we etablish a chronology:
10 years-a decade
100 years – a century
1,000 years- a millennium
Today we are in the CHRISTIAN ERA.Our era began 2006 years ago,when Christ was
born.
Dates before Christ: BC
Dates after Christ : AD (Anno Domini)
(Complete exercise 1 –Dating pag 127 book)
PLACING EVENTS IN TIME
3000.BC
476.AD
1492
Writing appears
Collapse
Discovery
Year 0
Roman Empire
America
/
/
/
/
Prehistory
(p-128-9,voc)
Ancient Age
Middle Ages
Modern Age
1789
French Revolution
/
Contemporary
Age
PREHISTORY /Periods (pp 132)
Period extending from the origin of man to the appearence of Writing(3000 BC ).
Prehistory is divided into 3 stages:
Stone tools,hunting
10,000
7,000
Agriculture,cattle raising
3,000
Metal Objects
Year 0
______________________/__________________/__________________/__________/
PALEOLITHIC
NEOLITHIC
METAL AGE
(pp131 questions 1,2)Read text on Atapuerca pp130.
THE FIRST HUMAN BEINGS
Human beings are a result of a long evolutionary process known as
“hominisation”.Each stage has a different name:
1.Australopithecus.Very similar to chimpanzees.
2.Homo Habilis.2,000,000 ago.Clever.Made stone tools.Hunted ,gatherered fruits.
3.Homo erectus.1,500,000 ago.They discovered fire.
4.Homo Sapiens.100,000ago.
Neanderthal—became extinguished.
Homo Sapiens Sapiens,the species we belong to.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN BEINGS
1.First appeared in Africa.
2.Great cerebral development.
3.Biped walk.
4.Opposable thumb.
5.Use of symbolic language.
6.Long childhood.
(pp132,Read doc 1 and doc 3—answer questions page 133)
Links Internet pp 131
PALAEOLITHIC
1.They hunted,gathered and fished.
2.They were nomadic,lived in caves,outdoors and cabins.They lived in tribes.
3.Climate was very cold.Life expectancy 35.
4.Tools: stone
bone
wood
5.Discovered fire.
6.They were artists:
1)Cave painting –Altamira in Spain---Lascaux in France
2)Sculptures-“Venus” represented females with prominent
sexual organs.
(Look at pictures pp 134 and 135)
CAVE PAINTING
Cantabrian style.--Polychromatic.—volume—animals---relistic
Levantine style.—Monochromatic—flat---animals and humans—schematic
(pp 140—read in class)(Answer q.1,2,3,4,5, on pp 141)
THE NEOLITHIC
1.Man becomes sedentary,lives in villages.
2.Discovery of agriculture,cattle raising.
3.Use of specialised tools: hoe,sickle and hand mill.
4.Art: Schematic. Appearance of ceramic.
(Pictures pp 136,137
exc.3pp142 exc 11 pp143)
THE METAL AGE
1.Metal objects made out of metal. First copper,then bronze,then iron.
2.They made tools,weapons,jewels ,statues...
3.Three big inventions in the Middle East ,5,000 years ago : the wheel
the sail
the plough
4.Trade appears.
5.Population grows.
6.Birth of first cities.
7.Megalithic Monuments.
MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS
Menhirs—big,long, vertical stones related to the cult of the sun.
Dolmens--- big ,long,vertical stones with horizontal stone above.Used as burial sites.
Cromlechs--- Wide circles of menhires.( Stonehenge,England)
(pp139 exc 1,2 )(pp143 Read the Yamonami.exc 13 ,a,b)