‫סובייטיות‬- ‫ לאומיות וסכסוכים בברה"מ והמדינות הפוסט‬- ‫ אתנו‬,‫הגדרה עצמית‬
Self-Determination, Ethno-Nationalism and Conflicts in the USSR and
Post-Soviet States
‫ ד"ר דינה זיסרמן‬:‫מרצה‬
'‫תשע" ג סמסטר ב‬
‫ נק"ז‬4 :‫היקף הקורס‬
‫תיאור הקורס‬
‫ סכסוכים אתניים בברית המועצות ומדינות‬,‫ מדיניו ת המדינה להלכה ולמעשה‬,‫הקורס בוחן בעיות לאומיות‬
,‫ נתייחס לדרכים בהן הפוליטיקה של הלאומיות האתנית השפיעה על תהליך הדמוקרטיזציה‬. ‫סו בייטיו ת‬- ‫פוסט‬
‫ פוליטיזציה של קבוצות אתניות‬,‫ ריבוד אתני‬,‫ נתמודד עם זהויות אתניות‬.‫קונפליקטים חברתיים ואלימות‬
‫ על מנת להקים בסיס מתודולוגי תיאורטי לניתוח התופעות הנ"ל נסקור מגוון רחב‬.‫ לאומיות‬- ‫ו תנועות ה אתנו‬
. ‫של גישות ושיטות מחקר‬
The course examines nationality problems, state policies in theory and practice, and
ethnic conflicts in the USSR and post-Soviet states. Dealing with ethnic identities, ethnic
stratification, politicization of ethnic groups, and ethno -national movements we’ll
explore the ways in which the politics of nationalism and ethnicity has influenced the
democratization process, social conflicts, and violence. A wide range of scholarship
establishing methodological and theoretical foundations for the study of these phenomena
will be reviewed.
:‫דרישות הקורס‬
‫ לפחות מהשעורים‬08% - ‫נוכחות ב‬
-
25%
– ‫מטלות‬
-
55% --- ‫עבודת סיום‬
-
‫נושאי השיעורים וביבליוגרפיה‬
. ‫ מבוא לקורס‬. I
:‫הגדרות והבנות בסיסיות‬
: "‫ "אירידנטיזם‬,"‫ "ספרטיזם‬, "‫ מדינת לאום‬," ‫ " לאומיות‬,"‫ "לאום‬,"‫ "מדיניות אתנית‬,"‫" אתניות‬
Ambrosio, Thomas, Irredentism: ethnic conflict and international politics, chapters 1-2, Praeger
Publishers, 2001, 1-30.
BARRINGTON, Lowell, “Introduction: Nationalism and Independence,” in Lowell
Barrington, ed., After Independence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
pp. 3-11
BARTH, Frederick (ed.) 1969, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. The Social Organization
of Culture Difference. London: Allen & Unwin (Introduction, pp 9-38).
Brubaker, Rogers: Myths and Misconceptions in the Study of Nationalism. In John A.
Hall (ed.): The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism .
Cambridge University Press, 1998, 272-305.
CONNOR, Walker 1978 'A nation is a nation, is a state, is an ethnic group, is a É ', Ethnic
and Racial Studies, vol. 1, 4, pp. 377-400 [in Ethnonationalism: The Quest for
Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994, Ch. 4: 'Terminological
chaos', pp. 89-117];
CONNOR, Walker 1990 'When is a nation?', Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 13, n¼ 1, pp.
92-103 [also in Hutchinson and Smith's Nationalism Reader, pp. 154-9; and in Connor'
Ethnonationalism s]
CONVERSI, Daniele 2004 'Conceptualizing nationalism', in Daniele Conversi (ed.)
Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Theory of
Nationalism. London/ New York: Routledge, 2004, 2-23.
FENTON, Steve and Stephen MAY 2002 'Ethnicity, Nation and ‘Race’: Connections and
Disjunctures', Ethnonational Identities. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1-20.
HALL, John A. 1993 'Nationalism: Classified and Explained', Daedalus, Volume 122,
Number 3, Summer 1993, pp. 1-28
HECHTER Michael and Dina Okamoto, 'Political consequences of minority group formation',
Annual Reviews of Political Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 189-215, 2001.
HROCH, Miroslav 1985 ' What is a nation?', Ch. 1 of Social Preconditions of National
Revival in Europe : A Comparative Analysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic
Groups among the Smaller European Nations. Cambridge /New York: Cambridge
University Press, pp. 18-22.
HUTCHINSON, John and Anthony D. SMITH. 1994 Nationalism. A Reader. Oxford:
Oxford University Press:
1. Introduction, pp. 3-14;
2. Ernest Renan: 'Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?'
http://ig.cs.tu-berlin.de/oldstatic/w2001/eu1/dokumente/Basistexte/Renan1882EN Nation.pdf
3. Joseph Stalin, 'The nation';
4. Max Weber, 'The nation'
IGNATIEFF, Michael “Nationalism and the Narcissism of Minor Differences,” in Beiner,
ed., Theorizing Nationalism (Albany, NY: State University Press of New York, 1999), pp.
91-102
NAIRN, Tom: The Modern Janus. In Nairn, Tom: The Break-Up of Britain: Crisis and
Neo-Nationalism. London: Verso, 1977.
NAIRN, Tom: Faces of Nationalism: Janus revisited. London & New York: Verso, 1997,
Chapter 1. "On Studying Nationalism", 1-17
ROTHSCHILD, Joseph Ethnopolitics, Columbia University Press, New York, 1981,
introduction and chapter 1.
Schaeffer, Robert, “Separatism, Rationality and Irony,” in Metta Spencer, ed.,
Separatism: Democracy and Disintegration, Rowan & Littlefield Publishers (1998), 4368.
SCHLESINGER, Philip 1987 'On National Identity: some Conceptions and
Misconceptions Criticized', Social Science Information 26, 2, 219-64.
SCHMITT-EGNER, Peter. 'The Concept of 'Region': Theoretical and Methodological Notes on
its Reconstruction', Journal of European Integration, Volume 24, Number 3/2002.
Spencer, Metta, “When States Divide,” in Metta Spencer, ed., Separatism: Democracy
and Disintegration, Rowan & Littlefield Publishers (1998), 7-42.
STONE, John, 'New paradigms for old? Ethnic and racial studies on the eve of the
millennium', Ethnic and Racial Studies, Volume 21, Number 1, 1998, 1-20.
TISHKOV, Valery, Ethnicity, Nationality and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union. The
Mind Aflame. Oslo, 1997, Chapter 1. “THE PHENOMENON OF ETHNICITY IN
RUSSIAN CONTEXT,” http://valerytishkov.ru/cntnt/publikacii3/knigi/the_mind_a1.html
VERDERY , Katherine 1993 'Whither 'Nation' and 'Nationalism'?', Daedalus, Volume
122, Number 3, Summer 1993, pp. 179-203
WILLIAMS, Robin 'The sociology of ethnic conflict. Comparative international
perspectives', Annual Review of Sociology, 1994, 20, pp. 49-79
ZERNATTO, Guido 'Nation: The history of a word', Review of Politics, 1944, 6, pp. 351366
‫ "השאלה הלאומית" באימפריה הרוסית ובברה"מ ופטרונותה‬. II
CARRERE D'ENCAUSSE, Helene, Decline of an Empire, 27-36, 158-159
CONNOR, Walker, The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy, 1984, 5-42;
254-63, 268-84, 300-322, 388-407.
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, “The Right of Nations to Self-Determination,”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/index.htm
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, "The Discussion On Self-Determination Summed Up,"
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/jul/x01.htm
MARTIN, Terry The Affirmative Action Empire, Chapter 1
PIPES, Richard, Formation of the Soviet Union, 1997 (or 1964), 29-49; 50-53;107-113; 242-297.
RAEFF, Marc “Patterns of Russian Imperial Policies Towards the Nationalities. In E.
Allworth (ed.), Soviet Nationality Problems, 22-42
RUUD, Charles. “Pre-Revolutionary Russian Nationalism.” Canadian Review of Studies
in Nationalism I, no.2 (1973/1974): 276-286
SCHWARTZ (ed.), Resolutions and Decisions of the CPSU: The Brezhnev Years, 205-212, 250255, etc.
SIMON, Gerald, Nationalism and Policy Toward the Nationalities in the Soviet Union, Chapters
4-9.
STARR, Frederick "Tsarist Government: The Imperial Dimension", in J. Azrael, Soviet
Nationality Policies and Practices, 3-38
SINGH, Anita Inder, “Managing national diversity through political structures and ideologies:
the Soviet experience in comparative perspective.” Nations and Nationalism 1, no. 2 (1995),
197-220
SUNY, Ronald, “State-Building & Nation-Making: The Soviet Experience” in Suny, The
Revenge of the Past, ch. 3
SZPORLUK, Roman, “The Imperial Legacy and the Soviet Nationalities Problem,” ch. 1
(pp. 1-23) in Lubomyr Hajda and Mark Beissinger, eds., The Nationalities Factor in
Soviet Politics and Society. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.
Tishkov Valery, Chapter 3. NATIONALITIES OF RUSSIA: LEGACIES AND REVENGE
WALKER, Edward, Dissolution, 2003, Chapter 2.
http://valerytishkov.ru/cntnt/publikacii3/knigi/the_mind_a1/nationalit.html
ZISSERMAN-BRODSKY, Dina, Constructing Ethnopolitics in the Soviet Union: Samizdat,
Deprivation and the Rise of Ethnic Nationalism, Chapter 2, “Soviet Nationality Policy: Theory
and Practice,” 19-34.
‫ לאומיות בבירת המועצות‬- ‫ מדיניות כלפי הלאומים ו אתנו‬.III
BRUDNY, Yitzhak Reinventing Russia, Ch.1, “Russian Nationalists in Soviet Politics, 1-2.
POSPIELOVSKY, Dimitry. “Nationalism as a Factor of Dissent in the Soviet Union.”
Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism , vol. I, no.1, (1974/1975): 91-116.
SLEZKINE, Yuri, "The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State
Promoted Ethnic Particularism." Slavic Review, 1994, vol. 53, 414–452.
WALLER, David, "Ethnic Mobilisation and Geopolitics in the Soviet Union", Journal of
Political and Military Sociology, Summer 1992.
ZISSERMAN-BRODSKY, Dina, Constructing Ethnopolitics in the Soviet Union: Samizdat,
Deprivation and the Rise of Ethnic Nationalism
Chapter 1 “Introduction: Theoretical Perspectives and Focus of Inquiry”
------ Ch. 3, The Modernization Process and Ethnonationalism
------ Ch. 4 Relative Deprivation and the Politicization of Ethnic Groups
------Ch. 5 Ethnic Organizations, Programs, and Demands
-----Ch. 6 Legitimizing Sources of Ethnic Politics.
------Ch. 7 The Problem of Orientation: Ethnocentrism-Polycentrism
------Ch. 8 Samizdat and Ethnic Mobilization
‫ נציונליזם והתפרקותה של ברה"מ‬,‫ לא יאומן? בלתי נמנע? פרסטרויקה‬.IV
BEISSINGER, Mark, Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State, (2001). Ch.
1, pp. 1-47.
CARRERE D'ENCAUSSE, Helene, The End of the Soviet Empire, Chapters 1,10,11.
ERICSON, Richard, "Soviet Economic Structure and the National Question" in A. Motyl (ed),
The Post-Soviet Nations, Ch. 10.
GORENBURG, Dmitry, Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation (2003), chs. 2
(27-48), 3 (49-76).
HESLI, Vicki L.; REISINGER, William M.; MILLER, Arthur H. “The sources of support
for separatism: public opinion in three Soviet republics.” Nations and Nationalism 3, no.
2 (1997): 201-229.
KHAZANOV, Anatoly, After the USSR, (1995), Ch. 1, “The Collapse of the Soviet Union:
Nationalism During Perestroika and Afterwords (1985-Summer 1992).”
LAITIN, David, “Secessionist Rebellion in the Former Soviet Union (in reader);
Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 34, No. 8, 839-861 (2001)
LAPIDUS, Gail, "Gorbachev and the "National Question: Restructuring the Soviet Federation",
Soviet Economy, 1989, 5,3,201-250.
KUX, Stephan "Soviet Federalism", Problems of Communism, March-April 1990, 1-20 (ejournal).
SUNY, Ronald, Revenge of the Past, Chapter 4
ZISSERMAN-BRODSKY, Dina, Constructing Ethnopolitics in the Soviet Union: Samizdat,
Deprivation and the Rise of Ethnic Nationalism, Conclusion.
‫לאומיות כתחליף לקומוניזם‬-‫ אתנו‬.V
ALLAHAR, Anton, “Politics of Ethno-Nationalism: A Post-Colonial and Post-Socialist
Schema.” Sociologija. Mintis ir Veiksmas, Vilnius, 2008.
http://www.ku.lt/sociologija/files/2008-2.p.68-90.pdf
BREMMER, Ian, “The Post-Soviet Nations after Independence,” in Lowell Barrington, ed.,
After Independence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006), pp.141-161.
BRUBAKER, Rogers, Nationalism Reframed(1996), Ch.5, “Homeland Nationalism in Weimar
Germany and “Weimar Russia” (107-147).
KHAZANOV, Anatoly, After the USSR, (1995), Ch. 2, “The Verse and Prose of PostTotalitarianism;” Ch. 3, “Ethnic Minorities, Totalitarianism, and Democracy.”
KUZIO, Taras, Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives on Nationalism: New Directions in
Cross-Cultural and Post-Communist Studies. 2007. Ch, 13,“History, Memory and Nation
Building in the Post-Soviet Colonial Space,” 335-363, .
LAPIDUS, Gail, “Ethnicity and State-Building: Accommodating Ethnic Differences in PostSoviet Eurasia” in Mark Beissinger and Crawford Young (eds), Beyond State Crisis? (2002),
Chapter 13.
LAITIN, David, “Languages and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Republics,” Post-Soviet Affairs,
12, 1 (1996), 4-24.
SMITH, Graham, Nation-Building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands, Chpt 1 (“Post-Colonialism &
Borderland Identities”).
SNYDER, Jack "Nationalism and the Crisis of the Post-Soviet State", in M. Brown (ed.), Ethnic
Conflict and International Security, 1993.
SZPORLUK, Roman. “Nationalism after communism: reflections on Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
and Poland.” Nations and Nationalism 4, no. 3 (1998): 301-320.
ZASLAVSKY, Victor, "Nationalism and Democratic Transition in Post-Communist Societies,"
Daedalus, Spring 1992, pp. 97 - 122.
‫סובייטי‬-‫ סכסוכים אתניים במרחב הפוסט‬.VI
STAROVOITOVA, Galina, “Democraticization and Ethnic Conflict in Post-Soviet Society,” in
L. Drobizheva, et. al., Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World, ch. 8, 149-156.
TISHKOV, Valery, Ethnicity, Nationality and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union. The
Mind Aflame. Oslo, 1997. Part 2, “APPROACHING ETHNIC CONFLICT”
http://valerytishkov.ru/cntnt/publikacii3/knigi/the_mind_a1/approachin.html
Walker, Lee, “Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet Transition, in L. Drobizheva,
et. al., Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World, ch.1,
Tishkov, Valery, “Ethnic Conflicts in The Former USSR: The Use and Misuse of
Typologies and Data,” Journal of Peace Research September 1999 vol. 36 no. 5 571-591
‫ מקרי בוחן‬:‫סכסוכים אלימים‬
‫ספרטיזם צ'צ'ני‬
BOWKER, Mike, "Russia and Chechnya: The Issue of Secession." Nations and Nationalism 10,
no. 4 (2004): 461-478.
Hughes, James, Chechnya: From Nationalism to Jihad (National and Ethnic Conflict in
the 21st Century, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
KOGAN IASNYI, Victor and Diana ZISSERMAN-BRODSKY, "Chechen Separatism,"
chap. 9, in Metta Spencer, ed., Separatism, 1998, pp: 205-226.
‫אבחזי‬- ‫אוסטי ו הסכסוך הגאורגי‬- ‫ הסכסוך הגאורגי‬:‫ספרטיזם‬
HALE, Henry, “The Republic of Georgia: Conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia” in A.
Arbatov, et. al. (eds), Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union, 1997.
RATLIFF, Rebecca, South Ossetian Separatism in Georgia
http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/ossetia.htm
Russian Analytical Digest, “Russia And The Conflict In Georgia”, 4 September 2008 / No. 45,
http://www.res.ethz.ch/analysis/rad/
Gahrton, Per, Georgia: Pawn in the New Political Game, chapter 7, “The Brakeaway Regions.Russian Stooges .or Freedom Seekers?” 57-77.
‫ הסכסוכים האזוריים במולדובה וטטרסטן‬:‫ספרטיזם‬
ROPER, Stevenm, D., “Regionalism in Moldova - The Case of Transnistria and
Gagauzia,” in James Hughes and Gwendolyn Sasse, Ethnicity and Territory in the Former
Soviet Union : Regions in Conflict (London: Frank Cass, 2002).
MOUKHARIAMOV, Nail, “The Tatarstan Model: A Situational Dynamic” in Peter Stavrakis,
et. al. (eds), Beyond the Monolith: the emergence of regionalism in post-Soviet Russia, 1997,
Chapter 11, 213-232.
VAHL, Marius and Michael EMERSON, “Moldova & the Transnistrian Conflict” in Journal of
Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 1:2004
http://www.ecmi.de/jemie/download/1-2004Chapter4.pdf
WALKER, Edward, "Negotiating Autonomy: Tatarstan, Asymmetrical Federalism, and
State Consolidation in Russia," in Metta Spencer, ed., Separatism: Democracy and
Disintegration, Rowan & Littlefield Publishers (1998), 227-252.
:‫קרבאך‬-‫ סכסוך בנגורנו‬:‫אירידנטיזם‬
ALTSTADT, Audrey (1996), “Ethnic Conflict in Nagorno-Karabagh”, in L. Drobizheva, et. al.,
Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World, Chpt. 13, 227-254.
Ambrosio, Thomas “Armenian Permissive Iinternational Environment,” in Irredentism:
Ethnic Conflict and International Politics, chapter 6, Praeger Publishers, 2001, 146-182.
‫אלימות נגד מיעוטים אתניים‬: ‫סכסוך באוש‬
TISHKOV, Valery, Ethnicity, Nationality and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union. The
Mind Aflame. Oslo, 1997, Chapter 7, “THE CULTURE OF ETHNIC VIOLENCE (THE
OSH CONFLICT)”
http://valerytishkov.ru/cntnt/publikacii3/knigi/the_mind_a1/the_cultur.html
‫ סכסוך טריטוריאלי‬:‫אלימות בין אינגושים לבין אוסטים‬
TISHKOV, Valery, Ethnicity, Nationality and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union. The
Mind Aflame. Oslo, 1997, Chapter 8. “THE INGUSH-OSSETIAN CONFLICT,
http://www.valerytishkov.ru/cntnt/publikacii3/knigi/the_mind_a1/the_ingush.html
Russia: The Ingush-Ossetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region (Paperback) by Human
Rights Watch Helsinki Human Rights Watch (April 1996).
BARRINGTON, Lowell, “The Making of Citizenship Policy in the Baltic States,” Georgetown
Immigration Law Journal 13, no. 2 (Winter 1999): 159-199.
CLARK, Terry, “Nationalism in Independent Lithuania: New Approaches for the Nation of
‘Innocent Sufferers’,” in Lowell Barrington, ed., After Independence (Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 2006), pp.162-186.
DIATCHKOVA, Svetlana, “Ethnic Democracy in Latvia” in S. Smooha and P. Jarve (eds),
2005. The Fate of Ethnic Democracy in Post-Communist Europe, 81-114 http://lgi.osi.hu
HUGHE, James, “‘Exit’ in Deeply Divided Societies: Regimes of Discrimination in Estonia &
Latvia & the Potential for Russophone Migration”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 43, 4,
739-762 (e-journal)
JARVE, Priit , “Re-Independent Estonia” in S. Smooha and P. Jarve (eds), The Fate of Ethnic
Democracy in Post-Communist Europe, 61-80 (available online at http://lgi.osi.hu)
METTAM, Colin; WILLIAMS, Stephen, “Internal colonialism and cultural divisions of
labor in the Soviet Republic of Estonia.” Nations and Nationalism 4, no. 3 (1998): 363388.
SMITH, Graham (1996), The Nationalities Question in the Post-Soviet States, Chapters 7 – 9.
SMITH, Graham, “'When Nations Challenge and Nations Rule: Estonia and Latvia as
Ethnic Democracies”, International Politics 33:1 (1996) 25-41.
SMITH, Graham 'The Ethnic Democracy Thesis and the Citizenship Question in Estonia
and Latvia', Nationalities Papers, 24:2 (1996) 57-93.
‫ בלארוס‬,‫ מולדובה‬,‫ אוקראינה‬.VI
BARRINGTON, Lowell, “Views of the Ethnic ‘Other’ in Ukraine,” Nationalism and Ethnic
Politics 8/2 (Summer 2002): 83-96.
D’ANIERI, Paul, “Ethnic Tensions and State Strategies: Understanding the Survival of the
Ukrainian State”, Journal of Communist Studies & Transition Politics, 23 (1), March 2007, 4-29
(e-journal)
KUZIO, Taras, “Kravhcuk to the Orange Revolution: The Victory of Civic Nationalism in PostSoviet Ukraine,” in Lowell Barrington, ed., After Independence (Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 2006), pp.187-224.
LESHCHENKO, Natalia, “A Fine Instrument: Two Nation-Building Strategies in Post-Soviet
Belarus”, Nations and Nationalism, 10 (3), 2004, 333-352 (e-journal).
ROPER, Stevenm, D., “Regionalism in Moldova - The Case of Transnistria and
Gagauzia,” in James Hughes and Gwendolyn Sasse, Ethnicity and Territory in the Former
Soviet Union : Regions in Conflict (London: Frank Cass, 2002).
SMITH, GRAHAM, ed. (1996), The Nationalities Question in the Post-Soviet States, Ch. 10 –
12.
SMITH, Graham, et. al., Nation-Building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands: The Politics of
National Identities (1998). Chapter 6, “Redefining ethnic and linguistic boundaries in
Ukraine, indigenes, settlers and Russophone Ukrainians”, pp. 119 -138.
VAHL, Marius and Michael EMERSON, “Moldova & the Transnistrian Conflict” in Journal of
Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 1:2004
http://www.ecmi.de/jemie/download/1-2004Chapter4.pdf
WOLCZUK, Kataryna, “History, Europe and the “National Idea”: The “Official” Narrative of
National Identity in Ukraine”, Nationalities Papers, 28,4, 2000 (e-journal)
‫ קווקז‬.VII
ALTSTADT, Audrey (1996), “Ethnic Conflict in Nagorno-Karabagh”, in L. Drobizheva, et. al.,
Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World, Chpt. 13, 227-254.
BOWKER, Mike, "Russia and Chechnya: The Issue of Secession." Nations and Nationalism 10,
no. 4 (2004): 461-478.
HALE, Henry, “The Republic of Georgia: Conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia” in A.
Arbatov, et. al. (eds), Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union, 1997.
JONES, Stephen , “Georgia: Nationalism from under the Rubble,” in Lowell Barrington, ed.,
After Independence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006), pp.248-278.
KOGAN IASNYI, Victor and Diana ZISSERMAN-BRODSKY, "Chechen Separatism,"
chap. 9, in Metta Spencer, ed., Separatism, 1998, pp: 205-226
PANOSSIAN, Razmik, “The Past as Nation: Three Dimensions of Armenian Identity,”
Geopolitics, Vol. 7, No. 2, (Autumn 2002).
PANOSSIAN, Razmik, “Post-Soviet Armenia: Nationalism & Its (Dis)contents, in Lowell
Barrington, ed., After Independence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
pp. 225-247.
RATLIFF, Rebecca, South Ossetian Separatism in Georgia
http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/ossetia.htm
Russian Analytical Digest, “Russia And The Conflict In Georgia”, 4 September 2008 / No. 45,
http://www.res.ethz.ch/analysis/rad/
SMITH, GRAHAM (1996), The Nationalities Question in the Post-Soviet States, Chapters 13 –
15.
STEPHEN, James, "Georgia: Failed Democratic Transition", in Ian Bremmer and Ray
Taras, eds., Nations and Politics in the Soviet Successor States.
‫ מר כז אסיה וקזחסטאן‬.VIII
DAVE, Bhavna, "Entitlement through Numbers: Nationality and Language Categories in the
First Post-Soviet Census of Kazakhstan." Nations and Nationalism 10, no. 4 (2004): 439-460.
KHAZANOV, Anatoly, After the USSR, (1995), Ch. 4, “Central Asia on a Path from the Second
to the Third World.”
KHAZANOV, Anatoly, After the USSR, (1995), Ch.5, “Ethnic Stratification and Ethnic
Competition in Kazakhstan.”
SMITH, GRAHAM (1996), The Nationalities Question in the Post-Soviet States, Chapters 16 –
20.
SMITH, Graham, et. al., Nation-Building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands: The Politics of
National Identities (1998), Chapter 7 (“The Central Asian States as Nationalising Regimes”),
139-164.
KARIN, Erkan and Andrei CHEBOTAReV, “The Policy of Kazakhization in State and
Government Institutions in Kazakhstan.” In Natsuko Oka (ed) Nationalities Questions in
Post-Soviet Kazakhstan (Chiba, Japan: Institute of Developing Economics 2002 ).
http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Mes/1863ra0000007403att/1863ra000000742j.pdf
‫ רוסיה והרוסים‬.IX
BARRINGTON, Lowell, “Russian-speakers in Ukraine and Kazakhstan: ‘Nationality,’
‘Population,’ or Neither?” Post-Soviet Affairs 17/2 (April-June 2001): 129-158.
CODAGNONE, Christiano, and Vassily FILIPPOV, “Equity, Exit and National Identity in a
Multinational Federation: The ‘Multicultural Constitutional Patriotism’ Project in Russia”,
Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies, 26,2, April 2000, 263-288 (ejournal).
HOSKING, Geoffrey. “Can Russia become a nation-state?” Nations and Nationalism no.
4 (1998): 449-462.
KHAZANOV, Anatoly, After the USSR (1995), ch. “Yakutian Nationalism in a Search for
Identities,” 1975-191.
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) ‫ לאומיות אתנית ו לאומיות אזרחית ( טריטוריה מול מוצא‬:‫ טיפולוגיה של לאומיות‬. I
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http://www.e -mago.co.il/Editor/defense -1727.htm ,) 7 -2 ‫ (חלק‬7568/62885
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‫ מודר ניזם וקונסטרוקטיביזם חברתי‬,‫ אינסטרומנטליזם‬.‫ב‬
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‫ בחיפוש לאלטרנטיבה או סינתזה‬.‫ג‬
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‫לאומיות ומדינה‬-‫ אתנו‬.III
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‫ל אומיות ודת‬- ‫ אתנו‬. IV
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‫ לאומיות ושפה‬.V
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‫ לאומיות בעידן הגלובליזם‬- ‫ אתנו‬.VI
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