High-Tech in Chemical Engineering – 2014 : Abstracts of XV International
Scientific Conference (September 22–26, 2014, Zvenigorod). – M.: Lomonosov
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies (MITHT Publisher),
2014. – 368 p.
ISBN 978-5-904742-26-3
Supplement
p. S1
CREATION AND USING OF ANTI-ICE REAGENTS BASED ON ACETATES
AND MAGNESIUM AND SODIUM CLORIDES
Khomiakov D.M.
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Soil Science.
Moscow, Russi, e-mail: khom@soil.msu.ru
Many aspects of highway and all roads maintenance are routine, and carry little risk of
environmental harm. However, some highway maintenance activities, especially in the cities
and towns have the potential to cause serious negative physical, chemical and biological
impacts to the surrounding environment. These impacts to water, air and soil quality, and,
may be, to fish, wildlife habitats and species can be significant and enduring. Site-specific
factors such as proximity of the work site to environmentally sensitive areas, the scale of the
work, and the type of materials used can influence the level of risk that a maintenance activity
poses to the environment.
In all of northern countries the only chemical used for de-icing is NaCl (rock salt,
halite). CaCl2 has previously had some limited use, mainly for prewetting of NaCl, but is not
used at all at present. The main reason for this is the negative effect on concrete, which some
investigations have shown.
Several tests with alternative chemical de-icers have however been done over the
years. But so far they have all been rejected due to too high prize and/or insufficient effect.
One of the most extensively studied alternatives is Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA). The
first tests were done in the beginning of the 80- ies. The main drawback with CMA is the high
prize, which is at least 20 times that of NaCl.
Till 2000 yeas Moscow Government spread over the streets and roads of the city more
then 350 000 tons of NaCl (rock salt) per winter season. Green plants and soils were under
salt stress. In 2009/2010 – 150 000 tons, 540 000 tons of deferent salts in anti-ice reagents
(solid and liquid) were stored for 2013/2014 winter season.
The anti-ice properties (a temperature of ice eutectic, a melting capability relative to
ice) of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium chlorides, sodium formate and salt
compositions on their base have experimentally been determined. Results of different
additives and resulting changes of the properties are discussed. Application of potassium
chloride and sodium formate for streets and roads, country roads and highways is considered
as unreasonable [2].
The new anti-ice reagents (solid and liquid) containing magnesium acetate and sodium
chlorides have been offered. The melting capacity, corrosiveness and other properties of the
reagents were determined. These reagents can be produced with use of natural mineral raw
materials (bischofite, MgCl2x6H2O) and halite in simple technological conditions [1, 3].
References
1. Akcheeva M.V.; Romanyuk N.V.; Avdyushkina L.I.; Frolova E.A.; Kondakov
D.F.; Khomyakov D.M.; Bykov A.V.; Danilov V.P. Аnti-ice reagents based on acetates and
magnesium and sodium chlorides. Khimicheskaya Technologiya (Chemical Engineering),
2013, № 4, p. 193.
2. Achkeeva M.V.; Romanyuk N.V.; Frolova E.A.; Kondakov D.F.; Khomyakov D.M.;
Danilov, V.P. On anti-ice properties of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium chlorides, sodium formate and salt compositions on their base. Khimicheskaya Technologiya (Chemical
Engineering) 2014, №3, p. 139.
3. Achkeeva M.V. (RU); Danilov, V.P. (RU);.Romanyuk N.V. (RU); Khomyakov D.M.
(RU) PATENT (RU) «Anti-ice Reagent», № 2470978 from 27/12/2012.