Main Ideas
Protein Synthesis
Gene
Section of DNA that controls/codes for a specific trait/proteins
3 Types of RNA 1) Messenger (mRNA) - carries protein making instructions from DNA.
2) Ribosomal (rRNA) - part of ribosome- makes proteins
RNA and Protein Synthesis HONORS
3) Transfer (tRNA) - transfers/carries amino acids (building blocks of proteins)
to ribosomes to make a protein
DNA vs. RNA
1
-DNA
-RNA
-Sugar (Deoxyribose)
-Sugar (Ribose)
-Phosphate Group
-Phosphate
-Nitrogen Bases
-Nitrogen bases
-A
-A
-T = Thymine
-U = Uracil
-G
-G
-C
-C
-Double Stranded
-Single Stranded
-Longer
-Shorter
Main Ideas
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
Overview 2 main processes:
1) Transcription- DNA copied into RNA (in nucleus)
2) Translation- RNA made into proteins (in cytoplasm)
Transcription
DNA to RNA
1) DNA unzipped by RNA polymerase at a gene promoter begins copying
2) 1 strand of DNA template is transcribed
(copied) into RNA using complimentary bases.
3) RNA polymerase reaches “termination signal”/ end of gene, stops copying
Inside cell
Codon
3 consecutive nucleotides (bases) on mRNA that code for/specify 1 particular
amino acid
Main Ideas
Protein Synthesis (continued)
Flow of Genetic Info DNA

RNA

Protein
(Central Dogma)
Transcription
Translation
Translation
Decode mRNA to Proteins
Steps:
1) ________ strand broken into codons
2) ___________ reads codons and ___________ them into amino acids
3) __________ calls for ________ to bring correct ____________
4) ______
_________ match up with _______ _________
5) Amino acids are ________________________________ until a ______
codon is reached
6) _________________- ribosome complex falls apart.
____________________________________
On the picture AT RIGHT,
label ALL of the following
for FULL credit:
1.) mRNA,
2.) rRNA,
3.) tRNA,
4.) the first 5 codons
5.) anti-codon,
6.) amino acid,
7.) nucleus
8.) Promoter codon
9.) Termination/stop
codon
10.)Growing protein
Using the genetic code chart to the right complete the following:
1. Transcribe (from DNA to RNA) the following DNA
sequence. Then, Translate it to an amino acid chain.
DNA-ATCGCCATA
mRNAAmino Acids2. Transcribe AND translate the following DNA sequence:
DNA- ATCGCCATAGCG
mRNAAmino Acids3. Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence:
DNA-ATCGCCATAGCGCGA
mRNAAmino Acids-
Main Ideas
Protein Path
Path of Proteins
1) ________________ DNA copied to mRNA
2) _________________ Synthesize proteins and send to Golgi.
3) ____________________Modifies, packages, sorts, ships proteins in/out of cell.
4) ________________ carries proteins from Golgi (in vesicles) to be released from
cell.