Civ I- PowerPoint text for Lectures 10-11
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Lecture 10- The Roman Republic
I)
Origins
II)
Early Republic
IDs:
Latin Right
Etruscans
Carthage
Magna Graecia
Patrician
Plebes
Senate
Tarquin the Proud
Lucretia
res publica
consuls
Cincinnatus
Struggle of Orders
Plebian Assembly
Law of 12 Tables
1st Punic War
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Early Latins
(c. 700 BC)
Pastoral origins
35-40 villages
“The Latin Right”
Tiber River
Plebes and patricians
The Senate
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Early Influences I
Etruscans:
Cities
Women
moral mandate
Tribute
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Etruscan Husband and Wife
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Early Influences II
Carthagians
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Early Influences
Etruscans
Carthagians
Greeks
Conflict by 630 BC
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II) Early Republic
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Rome and the Etruscans (530-509 BC)
Improvements
Center of their networks
Redefinition of patricians and plebes
- land instead of families
Royal power- Tarquinius the Proud
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“The Rape of Lucretia”
Expulsion of the Etruscans- 509 BC
Tarquinus the Proud
Sextus Tarquinius
Roman virtue
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The Lesson of Lucretia
Lucretia’s Husband:
“I swear that with sword and fire, and whatever else can lend strength to my arm, I will pursue
Tarquinius the Proud and all his children and never again will let them or any other man be King of
Rome!”
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Rome after Tarquinius
Res publica
Senate
(Patricians)
Consuls
Dictators
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Cincinnatus
Farmer
General
Dictator
Retirement
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“Struggle of Orders”
(starting around 491- c.450 BC)
Plebes vs. patricians
Withdrawal
Council of Plebes and Tribunes
- tribunes
Law of 12 Tables
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The Twelve Tables
Resolution of the Struggle of Orders
Laws- not necessarily progressive
Access
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Integration between patricians and plebes
First plebian consul- 367 BC
Full authority of plebian assembly- 287 BC
Importance of Law
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Romulus
Early Roman myth of origin
Brother of Remus
Dispute
Founder of Rome
Primacy of Law
Lecture 11: Roman Expansion
I)
Assimilation
II)
Conquest?
III)
Republican Virtues
IDs:
Citizenship
Moral mandate
1st Punic War
Tribute
2nd Punic War
Hannibal
Elephants
Roman infantry
Fabius
3rd Punic War
Perseus
smallholders
Latifundia
domus
tenements
pietas
civic religion
Roman origins- law
Early Roman myth
Brother of Remus
Dispute
optimates
Founder of Rome
Primacy of Law
Roman Expansion, 390-265 BC
Celtic invasion- 390 BC
Vs. the Greeks- 275 BC
Postwar treatment
- citizenship
- alliances
“Moral mandate”
“All roads lead to Rome”
II) Conquest?
1st Punic War: 265-241 BC
Start of the war:
Plebian assembly
Carthagian navy
Roman army
- gangplanks
Attrition
New type of peace terms:
Tribute
The Second Punic War
Carthagian bitterness
Hannibal’s rise to command
Invasion from Spain- 218 BC
- 46K troops
- “secret weapon”
-37 elephants
Hannibal and his elephants
Hannibal’s elephants in battle
The 2nd Punic War
in Italy
Impact of the Elephants
Battle of Cannae
Fabius
Adjustments
“Lesson”:
- “Steadfast” infantry
Roman Counter-Attack by Scipio the Elder
3rd Punic War
(149-146 BC)
Destruction of Carthage- 146 BC
Scipio the Younger:
"This is a glorious moment, Polybius; and yet I am seized with fear and foreboding that some day the
same fate will befall my own country.''
Rome and the Eastern Mediterranean
Macedonian alliance with Carthage
Wars vs. the Greeks
Expansion into Asia Minor
Perseus’ rebellion- 168 BC
III) Republican Virtues
Images of Empire
American context
Empire vs. Republic
Roman republican influence among the Founding Fathers
Republican Virtues
Farmer/Soldier
Farms and Patriotism- republican
ideals
Farmers in the Republic after 200 BC
Smallholder
Land ownership and citizenship
Good infantry
Problems with extended service
Latifundia and
Tenements
Republican virtues
Farmer/Soldier
Family
Horace, Carmen, 4.5
Family and Virtue in Public Life
Pompeii, Domus (exterior)
Pompeii, Domus (Interior)