Civ IN- PowerPoint text- Lecture 5
Lecture 5A- Hellenism
I)
Alexander
II)
Hellenistic Empire
IDs:
Philip of Macedonia
Alexander the Great
Alexander’s heir
“Koine”
Hellenistic cities
Cynics
Epicurians
•
Stoics
Effects of the Peloponnesian War
No winners, only “survivors”
Decline of poleis
Mercenaries replace hoplites
Disillusionment w/in cities
Alliance with Persians
•
Macedonian expansion (after Pelo. Wars)
•
Philip of Macedon
•
Macedonian innovations
•
Alexander the Great (355-323 BC)
Young son of Philip
Tutored by Aristotle
Modeled himself on Achilles
Invasion of Persian Empire
•
Alexander the Great’s Empire
•
Alexander in Battle
•
Alexander in Persepolis
•
II) Hellenistic Empire
•
Alexander’s Empire and the “Known World” (ca. 225 BC)
•
Death of
Alexander the Great
Relatively young
No mature heirs
Surrounded by generals
“To the strongest”
•
Hellenistic Kingdoms
(from “Hellenes”)
•
Alexandria
•
Library at Alexandria (Egypt)
•
Greek schools of philosophy
(ca. 300 BC)-
Cynics
Epicurians
Stoics
•
Lecture 5B- Early Rome
I)
Early Influences
II)
Origins of the Republic
IDs:
Latin Right
Plebes
Etruscan
Tarquin the Proud
res publica
Patrician
Senate
Carthage
Lucretia
consuls
Cincinnatus
Struggle of Orders
Plebian Assembly
Law of 12 Tables
•
Early Latins
(c. 700 BC)
Pastoral Italy
35-40 villages
“The Latin Right”:
Trade
Movement
Intermarriage
Tiber River
•
Early Latin Villages
Divisions:
Patricians (established families)
Plebes (everyone else)
Patrician leaders- senate
King- mostly religious
•
Early Influences I
Etruscans:
Cities
Women
•
Etruscan Husband and Wife
•
Early Influences II
Carthagians
•
Greeks
Early Influences III
“Magna Graecia”
Conflict by 630 BC
•
II) Origins of the Republic
•
Rome and the Etruscans (530-509 BC)
Improvements
Center of their networks
Royal power
-
Tarquinius the Proud
Overextension and Latin rebellion
•
“The Rape of Lucretia”
Expulsion of the Etruscans- 509 BC
Tarquinus the Proud
Sextus Tarquinius
Roman virtue
•
The Lesson of Lucretia
Lucretia’s Husband:
“I swear that with sword and fire, and whatever else can lend strength to my arm, I will pursue
Tarquinius the Proud and all his children and never again will let them or any other man be King of
Rome!”
•
Rome after Tarquinius
Res publica
Senate
(Patricians)
Consuls
Dictators
•
Cincinnatus
Farmer
General
Dictator
Retirement
•
“Struggle of Orders”
(starting around 491- c.450 BC)
Plebes vs. patricians
Plebes withdraw
Council of Plebes
- Tribunes
•
The Twelve Tables
Resolution of the Struggle of Orders
Laws
- not necessarily progressive
Access
•
Integration between patricians and plebes
First plebian consul- 367 BC
Plebian assembly given full authority over Rome (as lower house) - 287 BC
•
Roman origins- law
Early Roman myth
Brother of Remus
Dispute
Founder of Rome
Primacy of Law
•
I)
Lecture 5C: Roman Expansion
Assimilation
II)
Conquest?
IDs:
Italy
Citizenship
Moral mandate
1st Punic War
Tribute
2nd Punic War
Hannibal
elephants
Roman infantry
Fabius
3rd Punic War
destruction of Carthage
Perseus
•
Roman Expansion, 390-265 BC
Celtic invasion- 390 BC
Vs. the Greeks- 275 BC
Postwar treatment
- citizenship
- alliances
“Moral mandate”
•
“All roads lead to Rome”
•
II) Conquest?
•
1st Punic War: 265-241 BC
Start of the war:
Plebian assembly
Carthagian navy
Roman army
- gangplanks
Attrition
New type of peace terms:
Tribute
•
The Second Punic War
Carthagian bitterness
Hannibal’s rise to command
Invasion from Spain- 218 BC
- 46K troops
- “secret weapon”
-37 elephants
•
Hannibal and his elephants
•
Hannibal’s elephants in battle
•
The 2nd Punic War
in Italy
Impact of the Elephants
Battle of Cannae
Fabius
Adjustments
“Lesson”:
- “Steadfast” infantry