Unit 3 Test B Study Guide
Name:___________________
Date:____________________
On This Test:
A. DNA vs. RNA
B. Replication, Transcription, Translation
C. Mutations
D. DNA Technology
Outline of main concepts. SEE YOUR LOGBOOK PAGES. STUDY ALL THE LOGBOOK PAGES!
A. DNA vs. RNA
1. SEE NEXT PAGE
2.
D. DNA Technology
1. Forensics See Gel
Electrophoresis and DNA
Fingerprinting
3.
B. Replication, Transcription, Translation
1. Replication: DNA  DNA
2. Medicine See Insulin
production through recombinant
DNA
2. Transcription: DNA  RNA
3. Translation: RNA  Protein
C. Mutations SEE PICTURES IN BOOK/LOGBOOK
1. Gene
A. Point
ex:
B. Frame Shift
ex:
ex:
2. Chromosomal
A. duplication
B. deletion
C. inversion
D. translocation
3. Agriculture See GMO’s
See transgenic Organisms
Part A: DNA vs. RNA
1. Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA:
a. DNA sugar = deoxyribose, RNA = ribose
b. DNA Nitorgen Base = Thymine, RNA = Uracil
c. DNA = double helix, RNA = single-stranded
2. Complete the following chart:
RNA
1.
2.
3.
Job
Works with
Where
___messenger_____________RNA
(mRNA)
Carries the message or
genetic information
from the DNA
DNA, tRNA, rRNA,
ribosome
Starts in the nucleus,
enters cytoplasm, and
finds a ribosome
____transfer___________RNA
(tRNA)
Transfers the mRNA
codon to make an
amino acid with the
help of a ribosome
mRNA, amino acids,
ribosome
Located on the
ribosome in the
cytoplasm
_______ribosomal_________RNA
(rRNA)
One half of the
ribosome subunit
needed in protein
production
mRNA and ribosome
Located on the
ribosome in the
cytoplasm
3. What is the base pairing rule for DNA? A pairs with T, T pairs with A, C pairs with G, G pairs with C
For RNA? A pairs with U, T pairs with A, C pairs with G, G pairs with C
Part B: Replication/Transcription/Translation
4. Explain the process of DNA replication. DNA  DNA Makes a copy of itself by unwinding and using the
templates to form complementary strands. One ladder becomes two ladders. Think about DNA Model Kit
5. Why is it important for DNA to be replicated? For normal growth and repair, process of Mitosis, S Phase of
Interphase
6. Explain the process of transcription. Why is transcription necessary? What type of RNA is formed from
transcription? DNA  RNA ; mRNA
7. Using the base pairing rule, write the correct mRNA strand that will be transcribed from the given DNA.
DNA: TACTTATCGGGCCCTAAGCTGC
AUGAAUAGCCCGGGAUUCGACG
8. What is a codon? 3-letter nitrogen base sequence
9. Where do you find codons? From the mRNA strand
DNA: TACAACTGCTGAACCTGGTACG
AUGUUGACGACUUGGACCAUGC
10. Recall from Unit 1 that the monomers of proteins are amino acids. Using the genetic code key provided, (translate)
write the amino acid that corresponds to the given DNA below (remember, you have to go to mRNA first!):
a.
TACGTTCACGCAAATACT
AUG-CAA-GUG-CGU-UUA-UGA
Methionine-Histidine-Valine-Arginine-Leucine-STOP
b.
TACGGGTCAAACGCATTCCCCATT
See example above on how to do B and C
c.
TACGCACATGGATTTTCAATC
11. What is an anticodon? Complementary bases pairs of codon
12. Where do you find anticodons? On tRNA
13. What would be the correct tRNA anticodon that would pair with each amino acid in (a) above?
a. UAC-GUU-CAC-GCA-AAU-ACU (use this example for B and C)
14. Translation begins at AUG which is the _________start (methionine)___________________ codon.
15. Identify the steps of translation: See picture that I gave you in class.
mRNA enters between the ribosome and rRNA unit. The tRNA comes in and reads the mRNA 3-letters ar a time
called the codon. The tRNA then transfers the amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain by pulling it off with the
anticodon.
Part C: Mutations
16. What is a mutation? Can be beneficial or harmful; it is when there is an abnormality in the genetic code
17. Where do mutations occur? Chromsomes or Genes
18.What causes mutations? Genetic or Environemental
Chromosomal Mutations
19. Correctly fill-in the following charts:
I cannot sketch on my computer, so you are going to have to fill this part
in yourself!!!!
Name
Sketch
Gene Mutations
Insertion
Name
Caused by
Sketch
Point
Deletion
Inversion
Frame Shift
Translocation
20. Identify the following mutations as gene mutations or chromosomal mutations. If gene, tell whether it is a point
or frameshift, as well as the type of mutation that CAUSED the point or frameshift. If chromosomal, tell whether it is
a deletion, duplication, inversion, or translocation. Locate in each example where the mutation occurred.
d.
ABCDE*FG → ABCDE*FGFG ______________________, _____dulpication_________________
b.
LMNO*PQ → LNO*PQ
_______________________, ________deletion_______________
c. ACGGCGTTAACT → ACGGG_TTAACT ______________________,____________frame shift____________
d. 1234*56 → 1243*56 _______________________, ___________inversion____________
e. TACGGCATTGAG → TACGGGCATTGAG
f.
________________________,________point_______________
GCTAACTAGAAT → GCTAAATAGAAT ________________________,__________point_____________
Part D: DNA Technology
21. The picture above represents __Recombinant _______________ _____DNA______.
22. Letter A is called a(an) _____plasmid___________.
23. The main type of substance produced by the process is human ______insulin____________.
24. What is the diagram above? Gel electrophoresis
25. Which suspect(s) can be connected to the crime scene? Dino
26. The diagram above was created by __DNA_______ _________Fingerprinting_______________.
27. Which two types of cells are used in cloning? Bacteria and stem cells
28. Which type of cell actually provides the DNA being cloned? Eukaryotic Host Cell
29. All clones are _____identical_______________.
30. The _____Human________________ ____Genome_______________ ______Project__________
mapped all of the genes on the human chromosome. Dolly the Sheep.