Publications of Louis A. Frank
The University of Iowa
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Iowa City , IA
1959
1. Van Allen, J. A. and L. A. Frank, Survey of Radiation Around the Earth to a Radial Distance
of 107,400 Kilometers, Nature, 183, 430, 1959.
2. Van Allen, J. A. and L. A. Frank, Radiation Measurements to 658,300 Kilometers with
Pioneer IV, Nature, 184, 219-224, 1959.
1962
3. Frank, L. A., Efficiency of a Geiger-Mueller Tube for Non-Penetrating Electrons, J. Franklin
Institute, 273, 91-106, 1962.
4. O'Brien, B. J., J. A. Van Allen, C. D. Laughlin and L. A. Frank, Absolute Electron Intensities
in the Heart of the Earth's Outer Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 397-403, 1962.
5. O'Brien, B. J., C. D. Laughlin, J. A. Van Allen and L. A. Frank, Measurements of the
Intensity and Spectrum of Electrons at 1000 Km Altitude and High Latitudes, J.
Geophys. Res., 67, 1209-1225, 1962.
6. Rosser, W. G. V., B. J. O'Brien, J. A. Van Allen, L. A. Frank and C. D. Laughlin, Electrons
in the Earth's Outer Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 4533-4542, 1962.
7. Van Allen, J. A. and L. A. Frank, The Iowa Radiation Experiment, Science, 138, 1097-1098,
1962.
1963
8. Van Allen, J. A., L. A. Frank and B. J. O'Brien, Satellite Observations of the Artificial
Radiation Belt of July 1962, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 619-627, 1963.
9. Pieper, G. F., D. J. Williams and L. A. Frank, Traac Observations of the Artificial Radiation
Belt from the July 9, 1962 Nuclear Detonation, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 635-640, 1963.
10. Frank, L. A. and J. A. Van Allen, Intensity of Electrons in the Earth's Inner Radiation Zone,
J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1203-1207, 1963.
11. Frank, L. A., J. A. Van Allen, W. A. Whelpley and J. D. Craven, Absolute Intensities of
Geomagnetically Trapped Particles with Explorer 14, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 15731579, 1963.
12. Frank, L. A., J. A. Van Allen and H. K. Hills, Charged Particle Measurements in the Vicinity
of Venus with SUI Experiment on Mariner II, Science, 139, 905-907, 1963.
13. Frank, L. A., J. A. Van Allen and E. Macagno, Charged Particle Observations in the Earth's
Outer Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 3543-3554, 1963.
1964
14. Frank, L. A., J. W. Freeman, Jr. and J. A. Van Allen, Recent Observations of Electron
Intensities in the Earth's Outer Magnetosphere and Beyond, in Space Res. IV, ed. by
P.Muller, pp. 588-605, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1964.
15. Frank, L. A. and J. A. Van Allen, A Survey of Magnetospheric Boundary Phenomena, in
Res. in Geophysics, Vol. 1: Sun, Upper Atmosphere, and Space, ed. by Hugh
Odishaw, pp. 161-187, M.I.T. Press, 1964.
16. Frank, L. A. and J. A. Van Allen, Measurements of Energetic Electrons in the Vicinity of the
Sunward Magnetospheric Boundary with Explorer XIV, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 49234932, 1964.
17. Frank, L. A., J. A. Van Allen and H. K. Hills, A Study of Charged Particles in the Earth's
Outer Radiation Zone with Explorer 14, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 2171-2191, 1964.
18. Frank, L. A., J. A. Van Allen and J. D. Craven, Large Diurnal Variations of Geomagnetically
Trapped and of Precipitated Electrons Observed at Low Altitudes, J. Geophys. Res.,
69, 3155-3167, 1964.
1965
19. Van Allen, J. A., L. A. Frank, B. Maehlum and L. W. Acton, Solar XRay Observations by
Injun I, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 1639-1645, 1965.
20. Frank, L. A., A Survey of Electrons E > 40 keV Beyond 5 Earth Radii with Explorer 14, J.
Geophys. Res., 70, 1593-1626, 1965.
21. Frank, L. A., Inward Radial Diffusion of Electrons E > 1.6 MeV in the Outer Radiation Zone,
J. Geophys. Res., 70, 3533-3540, 1965.
22. Frank, L. A., On the Local-Time Dependence of Outer Radiation Zone Electron (E > 1.6
MeV) Intensities near the Magnetic Equator, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 4131-4138, 1965.
23. Van Allen, J. A., L. A. Frank, S. M. Krimigis and H. K. Hills, Absence of Martian Radiation
Belts and Implications Thereof, Science, 149, 1228-1233, 1965.
1966
24. Frank, L. A. and J. A. Van Allen, Correlation of Outer Radiation Zone Electrons (Ee  1
MeV) with the Solar Activity Cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 2697-2700, 1966.
25. Frank, L. A., Explorer 12 Observations of the Temporal Variations of Low-Energy Electron
Intensities in the Outer Radiation Zone During Geomagnetic Storms, J. Geophys. Res.,
71, 4631-4639, 1966.
26. Frank, L. A., Observations of Magnetospheric Boundary Phenomena, in Radiation Trapped
in the Earth's Magnetic Field, ed. by B. M. McCormac, pp. 422-446, D. Reidel
Publishing Co., Dordrecht-Holland, 1966.
1967
27. Frank, L. A. and W. L. Shope, A Cinematographic Display of Observations of Low-Energy
Proton and Electron Spectra in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere, University of Iowa Res.
Rep. 67-67, 1967.
28. Ackerson, K. L. and L. A. Frank, Explorer 12 Observations of Charged Particles in the Inner
Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 951-957, 1967.
29. Frank, L. A., Initial Observations of Low-Energy Electrons in the Earth's Magnetosphere
with OGO 3, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 185-195, 1967.
30. Frank, L. A., Several Observations of Low-Energy Protons and Electrons in the Earth's
Magnetosphere with OGO 3, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 1905-1916, 1967.
31. Frank, L. A., On the Extraterrestrial Ring Current During Geomagnetic Storms, J. Geophys.
Res., 72, 3753-3767, 1967.
32. Van Allen, J. A., S. M. Krimigis, L. A. Frank and T. P. Armstrong, Venus: An Upper Limit
on the Intrinsic Magnetic Dipole Moment Based on Absence of a Radiation Belt,
Science, 158, 1673-1675, 1967.
1968
33. Owens, H. D. and L. A. Frank, Electron Omnidirectional Intensity Contours in the Earth's
Outer Radiation Zone at the Magnetic Equator, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 199-208, 1968.
34. Van Allen, J. A., S. M. Krimigis, L. A. Frank and T. P. Armstrong, Observed Absence of
Energetic Electrons and Protons Near Venus, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 421-425, 1968.
35. Frank, L. A., On the Distributions of Low-Energy Protons and Electrons in the Earth's
Magnetosphere, in Earth's Particles and Fields, ed. by B. M. McCormac, pp. 67-87,
Reinhold Book Corp., New York, 1968.
36. Frank, L. A., Recent Observations of Low-Energy Charged Particles in the Earth's
Magnetosphere, in Physics of the Magnetosphere, ed. by R. L. Carovillano, J. F.
McClay and H. R. Radoski, pp. 271-289, D. Reidel Publishing Co., DordrechtHolland, 1968.
37. Swisher, R. L. and L. A. Frank, Lifetimes for Low-Energy Protons in the Outer Radiation
Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 5665-5672, 1968.
38. Frank, L. A. and R. L. Swisher, Energy Fluxes of Low-Energy Protons and Positive Ions in
the Earth's Inner Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 442-444, 1968.
39. Frank, L. A. and W. L. Shope, A Cinematographic Display of Observations of Low-Energy
Proton and Electron Spectra in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere and Magnetosheath and
in the Interplanetary Medium, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 49, (abstract) 279, 1968.
1969
40. Frank, L. A., N. K. Henderson and R. L. Swisher, Degradation of Continuous-Channel
Electron Multipliers in a Laboratory Operating Environment, Rev. Sci. Instr., 40, 685689, 1969.
41. Yeager, D. M. and L. A. Frank, Large Temporal Variations of Energetic Electron Intensities
at Mid-Latitudes in the Outer Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5697-5708, 1969.
1970
42. Frank, L. A., Further Comments Concerning Low Energy Charged Particle Distributions
Within the Earth's Magnetosphere and Its Environs, in Particles and Fields in the
Magnetosphere, ed. by B. M. McCormac, pp. 319-331, D. Reidel Publishing Co.,
Dordrecht-Holland, 1970.
43. Frank, L. A., On the Presence of Low Energy Protons (5 < E < 50 keV) in the Interplanetary
Medium, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 707-716, 1970.
44. Frank, L. A., Direct Detection of Asymmetric Increases of Extraterrestrial Ring Current
Proton Intensities in the Outer Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 1263-1268, 1970.
45. Frank, L. A. and H. D. Owens, Omnidirectional Intensity Contours of Low-Energy Protons
(0.5 < E < 50 keV) in the Earth's Outer Radiation Zone at the Magnetic Equator, J.
Geophys. Res., 75, 1269-1278, 1970.
46. Schield, M. A. and L. A. Frank, Electron Observations Between the Inner Edge of the Plasma
Sheet and the Plasmasphere, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5401-5414, 1970.
47. Scarf, F. L., R. W. Fredricks, L. A. Frank, C. T. Russell, P. J. Coleman, Jr. and M.
Neugebauer, Direct Correlations of Large-Amplitude Waves with Suprathermal
Protons in the Upstream Solar Wind, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7316-7322, 1970.
1971
48. Frank, L. A., On the Relationship of the Plasma Sheet, Ring Current, Trapping Boundary and
Plasmapause Near the Magnetic Equator and Local Midnight, J. Geophys. Res., 76,
2265-2275, 1971.
49. Pizzella, G. and L. A. Frank, Energy Spectrums for Proton (200 eV < E < 1 MeV) Intensities
in the Outer Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 88-91, 1971.
50. Frank, L. A., Comments on a Proposed Magnetospheric Model, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 25122515, 1971.
51. Frank, L. A. and K. L. Ackerson, Observations of Charged Particle Precipitation Into the
Auroral Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3612-3643, 1971.
52. Frank, L. A., Plasma in the Earth's Polar Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5202-5219,
1971.
53. Scarf, F. L., R. W. Fredricks, L. A. Frank and M. Neugebauer, Nonthermal Electrons and
High-Frequency Waves in the Upstream Solar Wind, 1, Observations, J. Geophys.
Res., 76, 5162-5171, 1971.
54. Fredricks, R. W., F. L. Scarf and L. A. Frank, Nonthermal Electrons and High-Frequency
Waves in the Upstream Solar Wind, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6691-6699, 1971.
55. Frank, L. A. and D. A. Gurnett, Distributions of Plasmas and Electric Fields Over the
Auroral Zones and Polar Caps, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6829-6846, 1971.
1972
56. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, VLF Hiss and Related Plasma Observations in the Polar
Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 172-190, 1972.
57. Ackerson, K. L. and L. A. Frank, Correlated Satellite Measurements of Low-Energy Electron
Precipitation and Ground-Based Observations of a Visible Auroral Arc, J. Geophys.
Res., 77, 1128-1136, 1972.
58. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, ELF Noise Bands Associated with Auroral Arcs, J. Geophys.
Res., 77, 3411-3417, 1972.
59. Frank, L. A. and K. L. Ackerson, Local-Time Survey of Plasma at Low Altitudes Over the
Auroral Zones, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 4116-4127, 1972.
60. Frank, L. A. and D. A. Gurnett, Direct Observations of Low-Energy Solar Electrons
Associated with a Type III Solar Radio Burst, Solar Physics, 27, 446-465, 1972.
61. Frank, L. A., Plasma Entry into the Earth's Magnetosphere, Proceedings, COSPAR
Symposium on Critical Problems of Magnetospheric Physics, Madrid, Spain, pp. 5366, 1972.
1973
62. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, Observed Relationships Between Electric Fields and Auroral
Particle Precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 145-170, 1973.
1974
63. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, Thermal and Suprathermal Plasma Densities in the Outer
Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2355-2361, 1974.
64. Scarf, F. L., L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and R. P. Lepping, Plasma Wave Turbulence at
Distant Crossings of the Plasma Sheet Boundaries and the Neutral Sheet, Geophys.
Res. Lett. 1, 189-192, 1974.
65. Wolfe, J. H., J. D. Mihalov, H. R. Collard, D. D. McKibbin, L. A. Frank and D. S.
Intriligator, Pioneer 10 Observations of the Solar Wind Interaction with Jupiter, J.
Geophys. Res., 79, 3489-3500, 1974.
1975
66. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Observations of Angular Distributions of Low-Energy
Electron Intensities over the Auroral Zones with Ariel 4, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 343,
167-188, 1975.
67. Frank, L. A., Magnetospheric and Auroral Plasmas: A Short Survey of Progress, 1971-1975,
Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 13, 974, 1975.
68. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, Electron Plasma Oscillations Associated with Type III Radio
Emissions and Solar Electrons, Solar Physics, 45, 477-493,1975.
69. Frank, L. A. and K. L. Ackerson, Examples of Plasma Flows within the Earth's
Magnetosphere, Presented at the Summer Advanced Study School "Magnetospheric
Particles and Fields - 1975", Graz, Austria, August 1975.
1976
70. Frank, L. A., K. L. Ackerson, J. H. Wolfe and J. D. Mihalov, Observations of Plasmas in the
Jovian Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 457-468, 1976.
71. Frank, L. A., N. A. Saflekos and K. L. Ackerson, Electron Precipitation in the Post-Midnight
Sector of the Auroral Zones, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 155-167, 1976.
72. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, Continuum Radiation from Low-Energy Electrons in the
Outer Radiation Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3875-3885, 1976.
73. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Electron Angular Distributions above the Dayside Auroral
Oval, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1695-1699, 1976.
74. Yeager, D. M. and L. A. Frank, Low-Energy Electron Intensities at Large Distances over the
Earth's Polar Cap, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3966-3976, 1976.
75. Frank, L. A., K. L. Ackerson and R. P. Lepping, On Hot Tenuous Plasmas, Fireballs, and
Boundary Layers in the Earth's Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5859-5881, 1976.
76. Gurnett, D. A., L. A. Frank and R. P. Lepping, Plasma Waves in the Distant Magnetotail, J.
Geophys. Res., 81, 6059-6071, 1976.
77. Frank, L. A., Hot Plasmas in the Earth's Magnetosphere, in Physics of Solar Planetary
Environments, Vol. II, ed. by D. J. Williams, American Geophysical Union, pp. 685700, Washington, D.C., 1976.
78. Mihalov, J. D., J. H. Wolfe and L. A. Frank, Survey for Non-Maxwellian Plasma in Jupiter's
Magnetosheath, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3412-3416, 1976.
1977
79. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, A Region of Intense Plasma Wave Turbulence on Auroral
Field Lines, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1031-1050, 1977.
80. Frank, L. A., K. L. Ackerson and D. M. Yeager, Observations of Atomic Oxygen (O+) in the
Earth's Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 129-134, 1977.
81. Frank, L. A. and K. L. Ackerson, Reply in Response to Comment by E. W. Hones, J.
Geophys. Res., 82, 5641-5643, 1977.
82. Coroniti, F. W., F. L. Scarf, L. A. Frank and R. P. Lepping, Microstructure of a Magnetotail
Fireball, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 219-222, 1977.
83. Scarf, F. L., L. A. Frank and R. P. Lepping, Magnetosphere Boundary Observations Along
the IMP 7 Orbit: 1. Boundary Locations and Wave Level Variations, J. Geophys.
Res., 82, 5171-5180, 1977.
84. Lui, A. T. Y., L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson, C.-I. Meng and S.-I. Akasofu, Systematic Study
of Plasma Flow During Plasma Sheet Thinnings, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4815-4825,
1977.
1978
85. Frank, L. A., R. J. DeCoster and K. L. Ackerson, Reply in Response to Comment by G. S.
Stiles and E. W. Hones, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1187-1190, 1978.
86. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, Ion-Acoustic Waves in the Solar Wind, J. Geophys. Res., 83,
58-74, 1978.
87. Kintner, P. M., K. L. Ackerson, D. A. Gurnett and L. A. Frank, Correlated Electric Field and
Low-Energy Electron Measurements in the Low-Altitude Polar Cusp, J. Geophys.
Res., 83, 163-168, 1978.
88. Gurnett, D. A. and L. A. Frank, Plasma Waves in the Polar Cusp: Observations from
Hawkeye 1, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1447-1462, 1978.
89. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Energization of Polar-Cusp Electrons at the Noon Meridian, J.
Geophys. Res., 83, 2127-2132, 1978.
90. Coroniti, F. V., L. A. Frank, R. P. Lepping, F. L. Scarf and K. L. Ackerson, Plasma Flow
Pulsations in Earth's Magnetic Tail, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 2162-2168, 1978.
91. Frank, L. A., R. J. DeCoster and K. L. Ackerson, Reply: Proton Velocity Distributions for
Fireball Plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3365-3366, 1978.
92. Frank, L. A., D. M. Yeager, H. D. Owens, K. L. Ackerson and M. R. English,
Quadrispherical Lepedeas for ISEEs-1 and -2 Plasma Measurements, IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Electr. GE-16, 221-225, 1978.
93. Frank, L. A., K. L. Ackerson, R. J. DeCoster and B. G. Burek, Three-Dimensional Plasma
Measurements Within the Earth's Magnetosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 22, 739-763, 1978.
94. Lui, A. T. Y., L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson, C -I. Meng and S.-I. Akasofu, Plasma Flows and
Magnetic Field Vectors in the Plasma Sheet During Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 83,
3849-3858, 1978.
1979
95. DeCoster, R. J. and L. A. Frank, Observations Pertaining to the Dynamics of the Plasma
Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5099-5121, 1979.
96. Frank, L. A. and K. L. Ackerson, Several Recent Findings Concerning the Dynamics of the
Earth's Magnetotail, Invited paper presented at the International STP Symposium,
Innsbruck, Austria, June 1978, Space Sci. Rev., 23, 375-392, 1979.
97. Kurth, W. S., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and D. A. Gurnett, Intense Electrostatic Waves Near
the Upper Hybrid Resonance Frequency, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4145, 1979.
98. Kurth, W. S., M. Ashour-Abdalla, L. A. Frank, C. F. Kennel, D. A. Gurnett, D. D. Sentman
and B. G. Burek, A Comparison of Intense Electrostatic Waves Near f UHR with
Linear Instability Theory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 487-490, 1979.
99. Sentman, D. D., L. A. Frank, C. F. Kennel, D. A. Gurnett and W. S. Kurth, Electron
Distribution Functions Associated with Electrostatic Emissions in the Dayside
Magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 781, 1979.
1980
100. Wolfe, J. H., J. D. Mihalov, H. R. Collard, D. D. McKibbin, L. A. Frank and D. S.
Intriligator, Preliminary Results on the Plasma Environment of Saturn from the
Pioneer ll Plasma Analyzer Experiment, Science, 207, 403, 1980.
101. Williams, D. J. and L. A. Frank, ISEE l Charged Particle Observations Indicative of Open
Magnetospheric Field Lines Near the Subsolar Region, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 20372042, 1980.
102. Kurth, W. S., L. A. Frank, M. Ashour-Abdalla, D. A. Gurnett and B. G. Burek,
Observations of a Free-Energy Source for Intense Electrostatic Waves, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 7, 193-196, 1980.
103. Coroniti, F. V., L. A. Frank, D. J. Williams, R. P. Lepping, F. L. Scarf, S. M. Krimigis and
G. Gloeckler, Variability of Plasma Sheet Dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 2957-2977,
1980.
104. Frank, L. A., B. G. Burek, K. L. Ackerson, J. H. Wolfe and J. D. Mihalov, Plasmas in
Saturn's Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5695-5708, 1980.
1981
105. Anderson, R. R., G. K. Parks, T. E. Eastman, D. A. Gurnett and L. A. Frank, Plasma
Waves Associated with Energetic Particles Streaming into the Solar Wind from the
Earth's Bow Shock, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4493-4510, 1981.
106. Sentman, D. D., C. F. Kennell and L. A. Frank, Plasma Rest Frame Distributions of
Suprathermal Ions in the Earth's Foreshock Region, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4365-4373,
1981.
107. Eastman, T. E., R. R. Anderson, L. A. Frank and G. A. Parks, Upstream Particles Observed
in the Earth's Foreshock Region, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4379-4396, 1981.
108. Hoppe, M., C. T. Russell, L. A. Frank, T. E. Eastman and E. W. Greenstadt, Upstream
Hydromagnetic Waves and Their Association with Backstreaming Ion Populations:
ISEE 1 and 2 Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4471-4492, 1981.
109. Sarris, E. T., S. M. Krimigis, A. T. Y. Lui, K. L. Ackerson, L. A. Frank and D. J. Williams,
Relationship Between Energetic Particles and Plasmas in the Distant Plasma Sheet,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 349-352, 1981.
110. Crooker, N. U., T. E. Eastman, L. A. Frank, E. Smith and C. T. Russell, Energetic
Magnetosheath Ions and the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Orientation, J. Geophys.
Res., 86, 4455-4460, 1981.
111. Frank, L. A., R. L. McPherron, R. J. DeCoster, B. G. Burek, K. L. Ackerson and C. T.
Russell, Field-Aligned Currents in the Earth's Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 687700, 1981.
112. Lui, A. T. Y., C.-I. Meng, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and S.-I. Akasofu, Temperature
Variation of the Plasma Sheet During Substorms, Planet. Space Sci., 29, No. 8, 837842, 1981.
113. Frank, L. A., J. D. Craven, K. L. Ackerson, M. R. English, R. H. Eather and R. L.
Carovillano, Global Auroral Imaging Instrumentation for the Dynamics Explorer
Mission, Space Science Instrumentation, 5, 369-393, 1981.
114. Sentman, D. D., J. P. Edmiston and L. A. Frank, Instabilities of Low Frequency, Parallel
Propagating Electromagnetic Waves in the Earth's Foreshock Region, J. Geophys.
Res., 86, 7487-7497, 1981.
1982
115. Horwitz, J. L., W. K. Cobb, C. R. Baugher, C. R. Chappell, L. A. Frank, T. E. Eastman, R.
R. Anderson, E. G. Shelley and D. T. Young, On the Relationship of the Plasmapause
to the Equatorward Boundary of the Auroral Oval and to the Inner Edge of the Plasma
Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 9059-9069, 1982.
116. Eastman, T. E. and L. A. Frank, "Hot Plasmas in the Magnetosphere", Current and Future
State of Space Science, Chapter 7 - Solar System Plasmas and Fields, COSPAR ISCD,
2, 39-42, 1982.
117. Hoppe, M. M., C. T. Russell, T. E. Eastman and L. A. Frank, Characteristics of the ULF
Waves Associated with Upstream Ion Beams, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 643-650, 1982.
118. Eastman, T. E. and L. A. Frank, Observations of High-Speed Plasma Flow Near the Earth's
Magnetopause: Evidence for Reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 2187-2201, 1982.
119. Frank, L. A., J. D. Craven, J. L. Burch and J. D. Winningham, Polar Views of the Earth's
Aurora with Dynamics Explorer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1001-1004, 1982.
120. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank and K. L. Ackerson, Global Observations of a SAR Arc,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 961-964, 1982.
1983
121. Keating, G. M., L. A. Frank, J. D. Craven, M. Shapiro, D. F. Young and P. K. Bhartia,
Global Pictures of the Ozone Field from High Altitudes from DE-1, Adv. Space Res.,
2, No. 5, 183-188, 1983.
122. Lui, A.T.Y., T. E. Eastman, D. J. Williams and L. A. Frank, Observations of Ion Streaming
during Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7753-7764, 1983.
123. Rairden, R. L., L. A. Frank and J. D. Craven, Geocoronal Imaging with Dynamics
Explorer: A First Look, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 533-536, 1983.
124. Murphy, G. B., S. D. Shawhan, L. A. Frank, N. D'Angelo, D. A. Gurnett, J. M. Grebowsky,
D. L. Reasoner and N. Stone, Interaction of the Space Shuttle Orbiter with the
Ionospheric Plasma, Proceedings of the 17th ESLAB Symposium on
'Spacecraft/Plasma Interactions and Their Influence on Field and Particle
Measurements', Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 13-16 Sept., 1983 (ESA SP-198,
December 1983, pp. 73-78).
125. Paterson, W. R., L. A. Frank, H. Owens, J. S. Pickett, G. B. Murphy and S. D. Shawhan,
Suprathermal Plasma Observations on the STS-3 Mission by the Plasma Diagnostics
Package, Proceedings, USAF/NASA Spacecraft Environmental Interactions
Technology Conference, USAF Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 4-6 October,
1983.
1984
126. Chiu, T. Y., R. R. Anderson, J. Fennell, L. Frank, R. Hoffman, M. Hudson, L. Lyons, P.
Palmadesso, E. Ungstrup, R. Vondrak, D. Williams and R. Wolf, Connection between
the Magnetosphere and Ionosphere, in Solar Terrestrial Physics: Present and Future,
ed. by D. M. Butler and K. Papadopoulos, NASA Reference Publication 1120, Chap.
7, 7-1 - 7-48, 1984.
127. Craven, J. D., Y. Kamide, L. A. Frank, S.-I. Akasofu and M. Sugiura, Distribution of
Aurora and Ionospheric Currents Observed Simultaneously on a Global Scale, in
Magnetospheric Currents, ed. by T. A. Potemra, AGU Geophysical Monograph 28,
pp. 137-146, 1984.
128. Crooker, N. U., G. L. Siscoe, T. E. Eastman, L. A. Frank and R. D. Zwickl, Large-scale
Flow in the Dayside Magnetosheath, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9711-9719, 1984.
129. Eastman, T. E. and L. A. Frank, Boundary Layers of the Earth's Outer Magnetosphere, in
Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas, AGU Geophysical
Monograph 30, pp. 249-262, Washington, D. C., 1984.
130. Eastman, T. E., L. A. Frank, W. K. Peterson and W. Lennartsson, The Plasma Sheet
Boundary Layer, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1553-1572, 1984.
131. Frank, L. A., C. Y. Huang and T. E. Eastman, Currents in the Earth's Magnetotail, in
Magnetospheric Currents, ed. by T. A. Potemra, AGU Geophysical Monograph 28,
pp. 147-157, Washington, D. C., 1984.
132. Hays, P. B., T. L. Killeen, N. W. Spencer, L. E. Wharton, R. G. Roble, B. A. Emery, T. J.
Fuller-Rowell, D. Rees, L. A. Frank and J. D. Craven, Observations of the Dynamics
of the Polar Thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5597-5612, 1984.
133. Huang, C. Y., L. A. Frank and T. E. Eastman, High-Altitude Observations of an Intense
Inverted-V Event, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7423-7430, 1984.
134. Lui, A.T.Y., D. J. Williams, T. E. Eastman, L. A. Frank and S.-I. Akasofu, Streaming
Reversal of Energetic Particles in the Magnetotail during a Substorm, J. Geophys.
Res., 89, 1540-1552, 1984.
135. Parks, G. K., M. McCarthy, R. J. Fitzenreiter, J. Etcheto, K. A. Anderson, R. R. Anderson,
T. E. Eastman, L. A. Frank, D. A. Gurnett, C. Huang, R. P. Lin, A. T. Y. Lui, K. W.
Ogilvie, A. Pedersen, H. Reme and D. J. Williams, Particle and Field Characteristics
of the High-Latitude Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8885-8906,
1984.
136. Scarf, F. L., L. A. Frank, D. A. Gurnett, L. J. Lanzerotti, A. Lazarus, R. Lepping and E. C.
Sittler, Jr., Measurements of Plasmas, Plasma Waves, and Suprathermal Charged
Particles in Saturn's Inner Magnetosphere, in Saturn, edited by Tom Gehrels and
Mildred Shapley Matthews [Tucson, AZ: Univ. of Arizona Press] pp. 318-353, 1984.
137. Williams, D. J. and L. A. Frank, Intense Low-energy Ion Populations at Low Equatorial
Altitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 3903-3911, 1984.
1985
138. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, The Temporal Evolution of a Small Auroral Substorm as
Viewed from High Altitudes with Dynamics Explorer 1, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 465468, 1985.
139. de la Beaujardiere, O., V. B. Wickwar, G. Caudal, J. M. Holt, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, L.
H. Brace, D. S. Evans, J. D. Winningham and R. A. Heelis, Universal Time
Dependence of Nighttime F-Region Densities at High Latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 90,
4319-4332, 1985.
140. Eastman, T. E., L. A. Frank and C. Y. Huang, The Boundary Layers as the Primary
Transport Regions of the Earth's Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9541-9560, 1985.
141. Eastman, T. E., B. Popielawska and L. A. Frank, Three-dimensional Plasma Observations
Near the Outer Magnetospheric Boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9519-9539, 1985.
142. Frank, L. A., Plasmas in the Earth's Magnetotail, in Space Plasma Simulations, ed. by M.
Ashour-Abdalla and D. A. Dutton, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht,Holland, 1985; also Space Sci. Rev., 42, 211-240, 1985.
143. Frank, L. A., J. D. Craven and R. L. Rairden, Images of the Earth's Aurora and Geocorona
from the Dynamics Explorer Mission, Adv. Space Res., 5, No. 4, 53-68, 1985.
144. Keating, G. M., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, D. F. Young and P. K. Bhartia, Initial Results
from the DE-1 Ozone Imaging Instrumentation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 593-596,
1985.
145. Williams, D. J., D. G. Mitchell, T. E. Eastman and L. A. Frank, Energetic Particle
Observations in the Low-Latitude Boundary Layer, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5097-5116,
1985.
146. Yeates, C. M., T. V. Johnson, L. Colin, F. P. Fanale, L. A. Frank and D. M. Hunten,
Galileo, Exploration of Jupiter's System, NASA SP-479, Washington, D. C., 1985.
1986
147. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank, R. L. Rairden and M. R. Dvorsky, The Hydrogen Coma of
Comet Halley before Perihelion: Preliminary Observations with Dynamics Explorer
1, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 873-876, 1986.
148. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank, C. T. Russell, E. J. Smith and R. P. Lepping, The Global
Auroral Response to Magnetospheric Compressions by Shocks in the Solar Wind:
Two Case Studies, in Solar Wind - Magnetospheric Coupling, ed. by Y. Kamide and J.
A. Slavin, Terra Scientific Publ. Co., Tokyo, pp. 367-380, 1986.
149. Eastman, T. E., R. J. DeCoster and L. A. Frank, Velocity Distributions of Ion Beams in the
Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer, in Ion Acceleration in the Magnetosphere and
Ionosphere, ed. by T. Chang, AGU Geophysical Monograph 38, pp. 117-126,
Washington, D. C., 1986.
150. Frank, L. A., J. D. Craven, D. A. Gurnett, S. D. Shawhan, D. R. Weimer, J. L. Burch, J. D.
Winningham, C. R. Chappell, J. H. Waite, R. A. Heelis, N. C. Maynard, M. Sugiura,
W. K. Peterson and E. G. Shelley, The Theta Aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 31773224, 1986.
151. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, On the Influx of Small Comets into the
Earth's Upper Atmosphere, I. Observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 303-306, 1986.
152. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, On the Influx of Small Comets into the
Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 307-310, 1986.
153. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by Thomas M. Donahue, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 559560, 1986.
154. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by David Perry Rubincam, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13,
703-704, 1986.
155. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by Christopher P. McKay, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13,
979-980, 1986.
156. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by W. B. Hanson, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 985-988,
1986.
157. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, I. Observations' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by T. A. Chubb, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1079-1082,
1986.
158. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by P. M. Davis and by Y. Nakamura, J. Oberst, S. M.
Clifford and B. G. Bills, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1186-1189, 1986.
159. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by Donald E. Morris, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 14841486, 1986.
160. Horwitz, J. L., S. Menteer, J. Turnley, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, C. R. Chappell, J. D.
Craven, L. A. Frank and D. W. Slater, Plasma Boundaries in the Inner Magnetosphere,
J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8861-8882, 1986.
161. Huang, C. Y. and L. A. Frank, A Statistical Study of the Central Plasma Sheet:
Implications for Substorm Models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 652-655, 1986.
162. Kamide, Y., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, B.H. Ahn and S.I. Akasofu, Modeling Substorm
Current Systems Using Conductivity Distributions Inferred from DE Auroral Images,
J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11,235-11,256, 1986.
163. Rairden, R. L., L. A. Frank and J. D. Craven, Geocoronal Imaging with Dynamics
Explorer, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,613-13,630, 1986.
1987
164. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Atomic Hydrogen Production Rates for Comet P/Halley
from Observations with Dynamics Explorer 1, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 351-356,
1987.
165. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Latitudinal Motions of the Aurora During Substorms, J.
Geophys. Res., 92, 4565-4573, 1987.
166. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by S. Soter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 164-167, 1987.
167. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, I. Observations and II.
Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by B. L. Cragin, W. B.
Hanson, R. R. Hodges and D. Zuccaro, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 577-580, 1987.
168. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of
Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J.
B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by J. T. Wasson and F. T. Kyte, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
14, 781-782, 1987.
169. Huang, C. Y. and L. A. Frank, Reply to Cattell and Elphic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 776778, 1987.
170. Huang, C. Y., L. A. Frank and T. E. Eastman, Observations of Plasma Distributions During
the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop Substorms of March 31-April 1, 1979, J.
Geophys. Res., 92, 2377-2384, 1987.
171. Huang, C. Y., L. A. Frank and T. E. Eastman, Plasma Flows Near the Neutral Sheet of the
Magnetotail, in Magnetotail Physics, ed. by A. T. Y. Lui, Johns Hopkins University
Press, 127-135, 1987.
172. Huang, C. Y., L. A. Frank, W. K. Peterson, D. J. Williams, W. Lennartsson, D. G.
Mitchell, R. C. Elphic and C. T. Russell, Filamentary Structures in the Magnetotail
Lobes, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2349-2364, 1987.
173. Mitchell, D. G., F. Kutchko, D. J. Williams, T. E. Eastman, L. A. Frank and C. T. Russell,
An Extended Study of the Low-Latitude Boundary Layer on the Dawn and Dusk
Flanks of the Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7394-7404, 1987.
174. Nishikawa, K.-I., L. A. Frank, T. E. Eastman and C. Y. Huang, Simulation of Electrostatic
Turbulence in the Plasma-Sheet Boundary Layer with Electron Currents and Ion
Beams, in Magnetotail Physics, ed. A. T. Y. Lui, Johns Hopkins University Press, pp.
313-320, 1987.
1988
175. Baker, D. N., J. D. Craven, R. C. Elphic, D. H. Fairfield, L. A. Frank, H. J. Singer, J. A.
Slavin, I. G. Richardson, C. J. Owen and R. D. Zwickl, The CDAW-8 Substorm Event
on 28 January 1983: A Detailed Global Study, Adv. Space Res., 8, (9)113-(9)118,
1988.
176. Christon, S. P., D. G. Mitchell, D. J. Williams, L. A. Frank, C. Y. Huang and T. E.
Eastman, Energy Spectra of Plasma Sheet Ions and Electrons from  50 eV/e to  1
MeV During Plasma Temperature Transitions, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2562-2572, 1988.
177. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Atomic Hydrogen Production Rates for Comet P/Halley
from Observations with Dynamics Explorer 1, in Exploration of Halley's Comet, ed.
by M. Grewing, F. Praderie and R. Reinhard, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988.
178. Eastman, T. E., G. Rostoker, L. A. Frank, C. Y. Huang and D. G. Mitchell, Boundary
Layer Dynamics in the Description of Magnetospheric Substorms, J. Geophys. Res.,
93, 14411-14432, 1988.
179. Elphic, R. C., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and M. Sugiura, A Study of Field-aligned Currents
Observed at High and Low Altitudes in the Nightside Magnetosphere, Physica Scripta,
37, 443-446, 1988.
180. Frank, L. A., Dynamics of the Near-Earth Magnetotail - Recent Observations, in Modeling
Magnetospheric Plasma, ed. by T. E. Moore and J. H. Waite, AGU Geophysical
Monograph 44, pp. 261-276, Washington, D. C., 1988.
181. Frank, L. A. and J. D. Craven, Imaging Results from Dynamics Explorer 1, Rev. Geophys.,
26, 249-283, 1988.
182. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, A Hypothesis Concerning the Inner Oort
Disk and Its Relationship to Comet Showers and Extinction of Species, Un. of Iowa
Res. Rep., 88-8, 1988.
183. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, An Atomic Hydrogen Torus around the Sun
from a Large Population of Small Comets, Un. of Iowa Res. Rep., 88-9, 1988.
184. Hoffman, R. A., M. Sugiura, N. C. Maynard, R. M. Candey, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank,
Electrodynamic Patterns in the Polar Region During Periods of Extreme Magnetic
Quiescence, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14515-14541, 1988.
185. Huff, R. L., W. Calvert, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and D. A. Gurnett, Mapping of Auroral
Kilometric Radiation Sources to the Aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 11445-11454, 1988.
186. Killeen, T. L., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J.-J. Ponthieu, N. W. Spencer, R. A. Heelis, L. H.
Brace, R. G. Roble, P. B. Hays and G. R. Carignan, On the Relationship Between
Dynamics of the Polar Thermosphere and Morphology of the Aurora: Global Scale
Observations From Dynamics Explorers 1 and 2, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2675-2692,
1988.
187. Nishikawa, K.-I., L. A. Frank and C. Y. Huang, Simulation of Electrostatic Turbulence in
the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer with Electron Currents and Bean-Shaped Ion
Beams, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 5929-5935, 1988.
188. Pellinen, R. J., O. A. Aulamo, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and J. S. Murphree, On the Use of
Topside Auroral Images Together with Various Ground-Based Data to Study Local
and Global Auroral Development, in Progress in Atmospheric Physics, R. Rodrigo et
al. (eds.), pp. 197-211, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
189. Rees, M. H., D. Lummerzheim, R. G. Roble, J. D. Winningham, J. D. Craven and L. A.
Frank, Auroral Energy Deposition Rate, Characteristic Electron Energy, and
Ionospheric Parameters Derived From Dynamics Explorer 1 Images, J. Geophys. Res.,
93, 12841-12860, 1988.
190. Reiff, P. H., H. L. Collin, J. D. Craven, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, E. G. Shelley, L. A.
Frank and M. A. Friedman, Determination of Auroral Electrostatic Potentials Using
High- and Low-Altitude Particle Distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7441-7465, 1988.
191. Rice, D. D., R. D. Hunsucker, L. J. Lanzerotti, G. Crowley, P. J. S. Williams, J. D. Craven
and L. A. Frank, An Observation of Atmospheric Gravity Wave Cause and Effect
During the October 1985 WAGS Campaign, Radio Science, 23, 919-930, 1988.
192. Williams, D. J., W. Lennartsson and L. A. Frank, Low-Energy Ions at Low Equatorial
Altitudes, Planet. Space Sci., 36, 703-713, 1988.
193. Williams, D. J., D. G. Mitchell, L. A. Frank and T. E. Eastman, Three-Dimensional
Magnetosheath Plasma Ion Distributions from 200 eV to 2 MeV, J. Geophys. Res., 93,
12783-12794, 1988.
1989
194. Allen, J., H. Sauer, L. Frank and P. Reiff, Effects of the March 1989 Solar Activity, EOS,
70, 1479, 1989.
195. Christon, S. P., D. J. Williams, D. G. Mitchell, L. A. Frank and C. Y. Huang, Spectral
Characteristics of Plasma Sheet Ion and Electron Populations During Undisturbed
Geomagnetic Conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13409-13424, 1989.
196. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Diagnosis of Auroral Dynamics Using Global Auroral
Imaging with Emphasis on Large-Scale Evolution, Auroral Physics, ed. by C. -I.
Meng, M. J. Rycroft and L. A. Frank, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
England, 1989.
197. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank and S. -I. Akasofu, Propagation of a Westward Traveling Surge
and the Development of Persistent Auroral Features, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6961-6967,
1989.
198. Fairfield, D. H., D. N. Baker, J. D. Craven, R. C. Elphic, J. F. Fennell, L. A. Frank, I. G.
Richardson, H. J. Singer, J. A. Slavin, B. T. Tsurutani and R. D. Zwickl, Substorms,
Plasmoids, Flux Ropes, and Magnetotail Flux Loss on March 25, 1983: CDAW-8, J.
Geophys. Res., 94, 15135-15152, 1989.
199. Fix, J. D., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Measurements of the Diffuse Ultraviolet
Radiation, Astrophys. J., 345, 203-209, 1989.
200. Frank, L. A., Atmospheric Holes and the Small Comet Hypothesis, Austr. Phys., 26, 19-34,
1989.
201. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Search for Atmospheric Holes with the
Viking Cameras, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1457-1460, 1989.
202. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, M. Ashour-Abdalla, D. Schriver, W. S. Kurth, D. A. Gurnett,
N. Omidi, P. M. Banks, R. I. Bush and W. J. Raitt, Electron Velocity Distributions and
Plasma Waves Associated With the Injection of an Electron Beam Into the Ionosphere,
J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6995-7001, 1989.
203. Hones, E. W., Jr., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, D. S. Evans and P. T. Newell, The HorseCollar Aurora: A Frequent Pattern of the Aurora in Quiet Times, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
16, 37-40, 1989.
204. Huang, C. Y., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Simultaneous Observations of a Theta Aurora
and Associated Magnetotail Plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10137-10143, 1989.
205. Huang, C. Y., C. K. Goertz, L. A. Frank and G. Rostoker, Observational Determination of
the Adiabatic Index in the Quiet Time Plasma Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 563566, 1989.
206. Kamide, Y., Y. Ishihara, T. L. Killeen, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and R. A. Heelis,
Combining Electric Field and Aurora Observations from DE 1 and 2 With Ground
Magnetometer Records to Estimate Ionospheric Electrodynamic Quantities, J.
Geophys. Res., 94, 6723-6738, 1989.
207. Nishikawa, K.-I., L. A. Frank and C. Y. Huang, Simulation of Whistler Mode Excited by
the Spacelab 2 Electron Beam, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6855-6865, 1989.
208. Paterson, W. R. and L. A. Frank, Hot Ion Plasmas From the Cloud of Neutral Gases
Surrounding the Space Shuttle, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3721-3727, 1989.
209. Robinson, R. M., R. R. Vondrak, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and K. Miller, A Comparison of
Ionospheric Conductances and Auroral Luminosities Observed Simultaneously with
the Chatanika Radar and the DE-1 Auroral Imagers, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5382-5396,
1989.
210. Slavin, J. A., D. N. Baker, J. D. Craven, R. C. Elphic, D. H. Fairfield, L. A. Frank, A. B.
Galvin, W. J. Hughes, R. H. Manka, D. G. Mitchell, I. G. Richardson, T. R.
Sanderson, D. J. Sibeck, E. J. Smith and R. D. Zwickl, CDAW-8 Observations of
Plasmoid Signatures in the Geomagnetic Tail: An Assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 94,
15153-15175, 1989.
211. Sojka, J. J., R. W. Schunk, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. Sharber and J. D. Winningham,
Modeled F-Region Response to Auroral Dynamics Based Upon Dynamics Explorer
Auroral Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8993-9008, 1989.
1990
212. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'Search for
atmospheric holes with the Viking cameras' by L. A. Frank et al.," by B. L. Cragin,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1175-1176, 1990.
213. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and C. M. Yeates, A Search for Small Solar-System Bodies
Near the Earth Using a Ground-Based Telescope: Technique and Observations,
Astron. and Astrophys., 228, 522-530, 1990.
214. Kurth, W. S. and L. A. Frank, The Spacelab 2 Plasma Diagnostics Package, J. of Spacecr.,
27, 70-75, 1990.
215. Mendillo, M., J. B. Sigwarth, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. Holt and D. Tetenbaum, Project
ERIC: The Search for Environmental Reactions Induced by Comets, Adv. Space Res.,
10, (7)83-(7)87, 1990.
216. Samadani, R., D. Mihovilovic, C. R. Clauer, G. Wiederhold, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank,
Evaluation of an Elastic Curve Technique for Automatically Finding the Auroral Oval
from Satellite Images, IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28, 590597, 1990.
217. Mitchell, D. G., D. J. Williams, C. Y. Huang, L. A. Frank and C. T. Russell, Current
Carriers in the Near-Earth Cross-Tail Current Sheet During Substorm Growth Phase,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 583-586, 1990.
218. Nielsen, E., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and R. A. Heelis, Ionospheric Flows Associated with
a Transpolar Arc, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 21169-21178, 1990.
219. Williams, D. J., D. G. Mitchell, C. Y. Huang, L. A. Frank and C. T Russell, Particle
Acceleration During Substorm Growth and Onset, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 587-590,
1990.
220. Samadani, R., D. Mihovilovic, C. R. Clauer, G. Wiederhold, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank,
A computer vision system for automatically finding the auroral oval from satellite
images, SPIE/SPSE Conference on Image Processing Algorithms and Techniques,
February 1990, Santa Clara, CA.
221. Baker, D. N., D. H. Fairfield, J. A. Slavin, I. G. Richardson, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, R.
C. Elphic, H. J. Singer, C. J. Owen and R. D. Zwickl, The Substorm Event of 28
January 1983: A Detailed Global Study, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1495-1515, 1990.
222. Frank, L. A. and Patrick Huyghe, The Big Splash, Birch Lane Press, New York, NY, 1990.
1991
223. Birn, J., E. W. Hones, Jr., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, R. D. Elphinstone and D. P. Stern, On
Open and Closed Field Line Regions in Tsyganenko's Field Model and Their Possible
Association with Horse-Collar Auroras, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3811-3817, 1991.
224. Christon, S. P., D. J. Williams, D. G. Mitchell, L. A. Frank and C. Y. Huang, Spectral
Characteristics of Plasma Sheet Ion and Electron Populations During Disturbed
Geomagnetic Conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1-22, 1991.
225. Lummerzheim, D., M. H. Rees, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Ionospheric Conductances
Derived from DE-1 Auroral Images, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 281-292, 1991.
226. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson, F. V. Coroniti and V. M. Vasyliunas, Plasma
Observations at Venus with Galileo, Science, 253, 1528-1531, 1991.
227. Craven, J. D., J. S. Murphree, L. A. Frank and L. L. Cogger, Simultaneous Optical
Observations of Transpolar Arcs in the Two Polar Caps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18,
2297-2300, 1991.
228. Traver, D. P., D. G. Mitchell, D. J. Williams, L. A. Frank and C. Y. Huang, Two
Encounters With the Flank Low-Latitude Boundary Layer: Further Evidence for
Closed Field Topology and Investigation of the Internal Structure, J. Geophys. Res.,
96, 21025-21035, 1991.
229. Meng, Ching -I, M. J. Rycroft and L. A. Frank (editors), Auroral Physics, Cambridge
University Press, 1991.
230. Craven, J. D., and L. A. Frank, Diagnosis of Auroral Dynamics Using Global Auroral
Imaging with Emphasis on Large-Scale Evolution, Auroral Physics, ed. by C.-I. Meng,
M. J. Rycroft and L. A. Frank, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (England),
1991.
1992
231. Parks, G. K., R. Fitzenreiter, K. O. Ogilvie, C. Huang, K. A. Anderson, J. Dandouras, L. A.
Frank, R. P. Lin, M. McCarthy, H. Reme, J. Sauvaud and S. Werden, Low Energy
Particle Layer Outside of the Plasma Sheet Boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 29432954, 1992.
232. Frank, L. A., K. L. Ackerson, J. A. Lee, M. R. English and G. L. Pickett, The Plasma
Instrumentation for the Galileo Mission, Sp. Sci. Rev., 60, 283-307, 1992.
233. Sojka, J. J., M. Bowline, R. W. Schunk, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. Sharber, J. D.
Winningham and L. Brace, Ionospheric Simulation Compared with Dynamics
Explorer Observations for 22 November 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1245-1256, 1992.
234. Horwitz, J. L., C. J. Pollock, T. E. Moore, W. K. Peterson, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham,
J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and A. Persoon, The Polar Cap Environment of Outflowing
O+, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8361-8379, 1992.
235. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, D. G. Mitchell, R. L. McPherron, C. Y. Huang and L. A.
Frank, Global and Local Current Sheet Thickness Estimates During the Late Growth
Phase, Proceedings of the International Conference on Substorms (ICS-1), Kiruna,
Sweden, 23-27 March 1992 (ESA SP-335, May 1992).
236. Laakso, H., A. Pedersen, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Magnetospheric Electric Fields and
Auroral Oval, Proceedings of the International Conference on Substorms (ICS-1),
Kiruna, Sweden, 23-27 March 1992 (ESA SP-335, May 1992).
237. Burch, J. L., N. A. Saflekos, D. A. Gurnett, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, The Quiet-Time
Polar Cap: DE 1 Observations and Conceptual Model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1940319412, 1992.
238. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, R. J. Pellinen, J. Büchner, H. E. J. Koskinen, R. E. Lopez, R.
L. Dyson and L. A. Frank, Particle Scattering and Current Sheet Stability in the
Geomagnetic Tail During the Substorm Growth Phase, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1928319297, 1992.
239. Sharber, J. R., E. W. Hones, Jr., R. A. Heelis, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, N. C. Maynard, J.
A. Slavin and J. Birn, Dynamics Explorer Measurements of Particles, Fields, and
Plasma Drifts over a Horse-Collar Auroral Pattern, J. Geomag. and Geoelectr., 44,
1225-1237, 1992.
240. Huang, C. Y., L. A. Frank, G. Rostoker, J. Fennell and D. G. Mitchell, Nonadiabatic
Heating of the Central Plasma Sheet at Substorm Onset, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1481,
1992.
1993
241. Reiff, P. H., G. Lu, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, L. A. Frank, J. D. Craven, W. K.
Peterson and R. A. Heelis, On the High- and Low-Altitude Limits of the Auroral
Electric Field Region, in Auroral Plasma Dynamics, ed. by R. Lysak, AGU
Geophysical Monograph 80, pp. 143-154, Washington, D. C., 1993.
242. Baker, D. N., T. I. Pulkkinen, R. L. McPherron, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, R. D.
Elphinstone, J. S. Murphree, J. F. Fennell, R. E. Lopez and T. Nagai, CDAW-9
Analysis of Magnetospheric Events on 3 May 1986: Event C, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
3815-3834, 1993.
243. Anderson, P. C., W. B. Hanson, R. A. Heelis, J. D. Craven, D. N. Baker and L. A. Frank, A
Proposed Production Model of Rapid Subauroral Ion Drifts and Their Relationship to
Substorm Evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6069-6078, 1993.
244. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, D. G. Mitchell, R. L. McPherron, C. Y. Huang and L. A.
Frank, Global and Local Estimates of the Current Sheet Thickness: CDAW-6, Adv.
Space Res., 13, (4)85-(4)91, 1993.
245. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Atmospheric Holes and Small Comets, Rev. Geophys., 31,
1-28, 1993.
246. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson and M. G. Kivelson, Galileo Observations of the Motions of
Ion and Electron Plasmas in the Magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1771-1774,
1993.
247. Frank, L. A., D. J. Williams and E. C. Roelof, Imagers for the Magnetosphere, Aurora and
Plasmasphere (IMAP), Proceedings of the 1993 International Symposium on Optical
Instrumentation and Applied Science, Instrumentation for Magnetospheric Imagery II,
San Diego, California, 14 July 1993, SPIE Vol. 2008, pp. 11-34, 1993.
1994
248. Huang, C. Y. and L. A. Frank, Magnitude of Bz in the Neutral Sheet of the Magnetotail, J.
Geophys. Res., 99, 73-82, 1994.
249. Huang, C. Y. and L. A. Frank, A Statistical Survey of the Central Plasma Sheet, J.
Geophys. Res., 99, 83-95, 1994.
250. Yahnin, A., M. V. Malkov, V. A. Sergeev, R. J. Pellinen, O. Aulamo, S. Vennerström, E.
Friis-Christensen, K. Lassen, C. Danielsen, J. D. Craven, C. Deehr and L. A. Frank,
Features of Steady Magnetospheric Convection, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4039-4051,
1994.
251. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, D. G. Mitchell, R. L. McPherron, C. Y. Huang and L. A.
Frank, Thin Current Sheets in the Magnetotail During Substorms: CDAW-6
Revisited, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5793-5803, 1994.
252. Fujii, R., R. A. Hoffman, P. C. Anderson, J. D. Craven, M. Sugiura, L. A. Frank and N. C.
Maynard, Electrodynamic Parameters in the Nighttime Sector During Auroral
Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6093-6112, 1994.
253. Parks, G. K., R. Fitzenreiter, K. W. Ogilvie, C. Huang, K. A. Anderson, J. Dandouras, L.
Frank, R. P. Lin, M. McCarthy, H. Réme, J. A. Sauvaud and S. Werden, Reply, J.
Geophys. Res., 99, 13,541, 1994.
254. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson and M. G. Kivelson, Observations of Nonadiabatic
Acceleration of Ions in Earth's Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,877-14,890,
1994.
255. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth, D. J. Williams, E. C. Roelof, D. G. Mitchell, R. E. Gold, E. P.
Keath, B. H. Mauk, C.-I. Meng, D. L. Carpenter, B. K. Hultqvist, R. N. Lundin, G. L.
Siscoe, R. A. Wolf, D. J. Gorney, M. Schulz, D. J. McComas, H. O. Funsten, K. R.
Moore, B. W. Smith, J. D. Craven, Y. T. Chiu, R. R. Meier and J. F. Seely, Imagers
for the Magnetosphere, Aurora and Plasmasphere (IMAP), Optical Engineering, 33,
391-408, 1994.
256. Frank, L. A., K. L. Ackerson, W. R. Paterson, J. A. Lee, M. R. English and G. L. Pickett,
The Comprehensive Plasma Instrumentation (CPI) for the Geotail Spacecraft, J.
Geomag. and Geoelectr., 46, 23-37, 1994.
257. Craven, J. D., A. C. Nicholas, L. A. Frank, D. J. Strickland and T. J. Immel, Variations in
the FUV Dayglow After Intense Auroral Activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2793-2796,
1994.
258. Kokubun, S., H. Kawano, M. Nakamura, T. Yamamoto, K. Tsuruda, H. Hayakawa, A.
Matsuoka and L. A. Frank, Quasi-periodic Oscillations of the Magnetopause During
Northward Sheath Magnetic Field, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21. 2883-2886, 1994.
259. Kojima, H., H. Matsumoto, T. Miyatake, I. Nagano, A. Fujita, L. A. Frank, T. Mukai, W.
R. Paterson, Y. Saito, S. Machida and R. R. Anderson, Relation Between Electrostatic
Solitary Waves and Hot Plasma Flow in the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer:
GEOTAIL Observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2919-2922, 1994.
260. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Survey of Electron and Ion Bulk Flows in the Distant
Magnetotail With the Geotail Spacecraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2963-2966, 1994.
261. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson, S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto, D. H. Fairfield
and R. P. Lepping, Observations of Plasmas Associated With the Magnetic Signature
of a Plasmoid in the Distant Magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2967-2970, 1994.
262. Paterson, W. R. and L. A. Frank, Survey of Plasma Parameters in Earth's Distant
Magnetotail With the Geotail Spacecraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2971-2974, 1994.
263. Siscoe, G. L., L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and W. R. Paterson, Properties of the MantleLike Magnetotail Boundary Layer: GEOTAIL Data Compared With a Mantle Model,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2975-2978, 1994.
264. Siscoe, G. L., L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and W. R. Paterson, Irregular, Long-Period
Boundary Oscillations Beyond 100 Re: GEOTAIL Plasma Observations, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 21, 2979-2982, 1994.
265. Williams, D. J., A. T. Y. Lui, R. W. McEntire, V. Angelopoulos, C. Jacquey, S. P.
Christon, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson, W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto
and D. H. Fairfield, Magnetopause Encounters in the Magnetotail at Distances of
80 Re, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 3007-3010, 1994.
266. Lui, A. T. Y., D. J. Williams, R. W. McEntire, S. P. Christon, C. Jacquey, V.
Angelopoulos, T. Yamamoto, S. Kokubun, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and K.
Tsuruda, A Filament of Energetic Particles Near the High-Latitude Dawn
Magnetopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 3011-3014, 1994.
267. Weimer, D. R., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, W. B. Hanson, N. C. Maynard, R. A. Hoffman
and J. A. Slavin, Satellite Measurements Through the Center of a Substorm Surge, J.
Geophys. Res., 99, 23,639-23,649, 1994.
268. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson, S. Kokubun, M. G. Kivelson and T.
Yamamoto, Ion Velocity Distributions in the Vicinity of the Current Sheet in Earth's
Distant Magnetotail, in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
Substorms, eds. J. R. Kan, J. D. Craven and S.-I. Akasofu, pp. 99-104, University of
Alaska Press, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1994.
269. Ashour-Abdalla, M., L. M. Zelenyi, J. M. Bosqued, V. Peroomian, R. L. Richard, L. A.
Frank and J. Dandouras, Structure of Plasma Flows in the Earth's Magnetotail, in
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Substorms, eds. J. R. Kan, J.
D. Craven and S.-I. Akasofu, pp. 111-118, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks,
Alaska, 1994.
270. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank and C. T. Russell, Motion of the Auroral Bulge's Poleward
Boundary in the Substorm Recovery Phase, in Proceedings of the Second International
Conference on Substorms, eds. J. R. Kan, J. D. Craven and S.-I. Akasofu, pp. 305-311,
University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1994.
271. Weimer, D. R., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, W. B. Hanson and J. A. Slavin, Electric Fields
and Currents Associated With a Substorm Surge, in Proceedings of the Second
International Conference on Substorms, eds. J. R. Kan, J. D. Craven and S.-I. Akasofu,
pp. 455-460, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1994.
1995
272. Hammond, C. M., G. K. Crawford, J. T. Gosling, H. Kojima, J. L. Phillips, H. Matsumoto,
A. Balogh, L. A. Frank, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Latitudinal Structure of a
Coronal Mass Ejection Inferred from Ulysses and Geotail Observations, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 22, 1169-1172, 1995.
273. Sugiyama, T., T. Terasawa, H. Kawano, T. Yamamoto, S. Kokubun, L. A. Frank, K. L.
Ackerson and B. T. Tsurutani, Attenuation Distance of Low Frequency Waves
Upstream of the Pre-Dawn Bow Shock: GEOTAIL and ISEE 3 Comparison,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 81-84, 1995.
274. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth, J. D. Craven, J. P. Cravens, J. S. Dolan, M. R. Dvorsky, P. K.
Hardebeck, J. D. Harvey and D. Muller, The Visible Imaging System (VIS) for the
Polar Spacecraft, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 297-328, 1995.
275. Meier, R. R., R. Cox, D. J. Strickland, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Interpretation of
Dynamics Explorer Far UV Images of the Quiet Time Thermosphere, J. Geophys.
Res., 100, 5777-5794, 1995.
276. Seon, J., L. A. Frank, A. J. Lazarus and R. P. Lepping, Surface Waves on the Tailward
Flanks of the Earth's Magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,907-11,922, 1995.
277. Frank, L. A., M. Ashour-Abdalla, J. Berchem, J. Raeder, W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun, T.
Yamamoto, R. P. Lepping, F. V. Coroniti, D. H. Fairfield and K. L. Ackerson,
Observations of Plasmas and Magnetic Fields in Earth's Distant Magnetotail:
Comparison with a Global MHD Model, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,177-19,190, 1995.
278. Lepping, R. P., D. H. Fairfield, J. Jones, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun and T.
Yamamoto, Cross-Tail Magnetic Flux Ropes as Observed by the GEOTAIL
Spacecraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1193-1196, 1995.
279. Khurana, K. K., M. G. Kivelson, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, Observations of
Magnetic Flux Ropes and Associated Currents in Earth's Magnetotail with the Galileo
Spacecraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2087-2090, 1995.
280. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto and R. P. Lepping, Direct
Detection of the Current in a Magnetotail Flux Rope, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 26972700, 1995.
281. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, R. J. Pellinen, J. S. Murphree and L. A. Frank, Mapping of
the Auroral Oval and Individual Arcs During Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 100,
21,987-21,994, 1995.
282. Seon, J., L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, J. D. Scudder, F. V. Coroniti, S. Kokubun and T.
Yamamoto, Observations of a Slow-Mode Shock at the Lobe-Plasma Sheet Boundary
in Earth's Distant Magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2981-2984, 1995.
283. Kaymaz, Z., H. E. Petschek, G. L. Siscoe, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and W. R.
Paterson, Disturbance Propagation Times to the Far Tail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 100,
23,743-23,748, 1995.
1996
284. Shodhan, S., G. L. Siscoe, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and W. R. Paterson, Boundary
Oscillations at Geotail: Windsock, Breathing and Wrenching, J. Geophys. Res., 101,
2577-2586, 1996.
285. Kessel, R. L., S.-H. Chen, J. L. Green, S. F. Fung, S. A. Boardsen, L. C. Tan, T. E.
Eastman, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Evidence of High-Latitude Reconnecting
During Northward IMF: Hawkeye Observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 583-586,
1996.
286. Khurana, K. K., M. G. Kivelson and L. A. Frank, The Relationship of Magnetic Flux
Ropes to Substorms, Adv. Space Res., 18, (8)59-(8)62, 1996.
287. Ashour-Abdalla, M., L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, V. Peroomian and L. M. Zelenyi,
Proton Velocity Distributions in the Magnetotail: Theory and Observations, J.
Geophys. Res., 101, 2587-2598, 1996.
288. Shodhan, S., G. L. Siscoe, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson, W. R. Paterson, D. Fairfield, S.
Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Mantle Crossings at Geotail: Comparison with MHD
Model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 153-159, 1996.
289. Ashour-Abdalla, M., L. M. Zelenyi, V. Peroomian, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson,
Coarse-Grained Texture of Ion Distributions in the Magnetotail: A Fractal-Like
Approach, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,287-15,296, 1996.
290. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Plasma
Velocity Distributions in the Near-Earth Plasma Sheet: A First Look with the Geotail
Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10,627-10,637, 1996.
291. Fairfield, D. H., R. P. Lepping, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson, W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun,
T. Yamamoto, K. Tsuruda and M. Nakamura, Geotail Observations of an Unusual
Magnetotail Under Very Northward IMF Conditions, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 48, 473487, 1996.
292. Kokubun, S., L. A. Frank, K. Hayashi, Y. Kamide, R. P. Lepping, T. Mukai, R.
Nakamura, W. R. Paterson, T. Yamamoto and K. Yumoto, Large Field Events in the
Distant Magnetotail During Magnetic Storms, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 48, 561-575,
1996.
293. Nakamura, R., S. Kokubun, Y. Kamide, T. Yamamoto, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, E.
Friis-Christensen, K. Hayashi, T. Iyemori, K. Yumoto, H. Lühr and O. A. Troshichev,
Observations of the Magnetosheath Near the Nominal Tail Axis During the
Geomagnetic Storm of January 25, 1993, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 48, 577-588, 1996.
294. Greenwald, R. A., J. M. Ruohoniemi, W. A. Bristow, G. J. Sofko, J.-P. Villain, A.
Huuskonen, S. Kokubun and L. A. Frank, Mesoscale Dayside Convection Vortices
and Their Relation to Substorm Phase, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21,697-21,713, 1996.
295. Seon, J., L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, J. D. Scudder, F. V. Coroniti, S. Kokubun and T.
Yamamoto, Observations of Slow-Mode Shocks in Earth's Distant Magnetotail With
the Geotail Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27,383-27,398, 1996.
296. Seon, J., L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, J. D. Scudder, F. V. Coroniti, S. Kokubun and T.
Yamamoto, Observations of Ion and Electron Velocity Distributions Associated With
Slow-Mode Shocks in Earth's Distant Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27,39927,411, 1996.
297. Lui, A. T. Y., D. J. Williams, R. W. McEntire, C. Jacquey, V. Angelopoulos, E. C. Roelof,
S. M. Krimigis, C.-I. Meng, S. P. Christon, F. M. Ipavich, G. Gloeckler, T. P.
Armstrong, L. J. Lanzerotti, E. T. Sarris, S. Kokubun, L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson, W.
R. Paterson, T. Yamamoto, T. Mukai and K. Tsuruda, Initial Investigation of
Energetic Particle Phenomena in the Distant Magnetotail From Geotail/EPIC, Adv.
Space Res., 18, (8)17-(8)26, 1996.
298. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson, V. M. Vasyliunas, F. V. Coroniti and S. J.
Bolton, Plasma Observations at Io with the Galileo Spacecraft, Science, 274, 394-395,
1996.
299. Yagitani, S., I. Nagano, H. Matsumoto, Y. Omura, W. R. Paterson, L. A. Frank and R. R.
Anderson, Generation and Propagation of Chorus Emissions Observed by Geotail in
the Dayside Outer Magnetosphere, Proc. of ISAP '96, pp. 717-720, Chiba, Japan.
300. Christon, S. P., G. Gloeckler, T. E. Eastman, R. W. McEntire, E. C. Roelof, A. T. Y. Lui,
D. J. Williams, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun, H. Matsumoto, H. Kojima,
T. Mukai, Y. Saito and T. Yamamoto, Average Energetic Ion Flux Variations
Associated with Geomagnetic Activity From EPIC/STICS on Geotail, Third
International Conference on Substorms (ICS-3), Versailles, France, 12-17 May 1996
(ESA SP-389, October 1996, pp. 527-532).
1997
301. Raeder, J., J. Berchem, M. Ashour-Abdalla, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson,
S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto and J. A. Slavin, Boundary Layer Formation in the
Magnetotail: Geotail Observations and Comparisons With a Global MHD Simulation,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 951-954, 1997.
302. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto, R. P. Lepping and K. W.
Ogilvie, Observations of a Current Pulse in the Near-Earth Plasma Sheet Associated
With a Substorm Onset, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 967-970, 1997.
303. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, J. Raeder, R. J. Walker, R. L. Richard,
L. M. Zelenyi, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, J. M. Bosqued, R. P. Lepping and K.
Ogilvie, Ion Sources and Acceleration Mechanisms Inferred From Local Distribution
Functions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 955-958, 1997.
304. Vasyliunas, V. M., L. A. Frank, K. L. Ackerson and W. R. Paterson, Geometry of the
Plasma Sheet in the Midnight-to-Dawn Sector of the Jovian Magnetosphere: Plasma
Observations With the Galileo Spacecraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 869-872, 1997.
305. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, N. E. Turner, H. J. Singer, L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth, J.
Scudder, R. Anderson, S. Kokubun, R. Nakamura, T. Mukai, J. B. Blake, C. T.
Russell, H. Kawano, F. Mozer and J. A. Slavin, Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling
During an Isolated Substorm Event: A Multispacecraft ISTP Study, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 24, 983-986, 1997.
306. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Transient Decreases of Earth's Far-Ultraviolet Dayglow,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2423-2426, 1997.
307. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Simultaneous Observations of Transient Decreases of
Earth's Far-Ultraviolet Dayglow With Two Cameras, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 24272430, 1997.
308. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Detection of Atomic Oxygen Trails of Small Comets in
the Vicinity of Earth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2431-2434, 1997.
309. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Trails of OH Emissions From Small Comets Near Earth,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2435-2438, 1997.
310. Seon, J., L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, J. D. Scudder, F. V. Coroniti, S. Kokubun and T.
Yamamoto, Correction to Observations of Ion and Electron Velocity Distributions
Associated With Slow-Mode Shocks in Earth's Distant Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res.,
102, 2435, 1997 (correction due to publisher's error).
311. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson and S. J. Bolton, Outflow of Hydrogen Ions
From Ganymede, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2151-2154, 1997.
312. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson and S. J. Bolton, Low-Energy Electron
Measurements at Ganymede With the Galileo Spacecraft: Probes of the Magnetic
Topology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2159-2162, 1997.
313. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, On the Influx of Small Comets into Earth's Atmosphere,
Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium on Instruments, Methods, and
Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms, San Diego,
California, SPIE Vol. 3111, pp. 238-248, 1997.
314. Nicholas, A. C., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, A Survey of Large-Scale Variations in
Thermospheric Oxygen Column Density with Magnetic Activity as Inferred from
Observations of the FUV Dayglow, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4493-4510, 1997.
315. Immel, T. J., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Influence of IMF B y on Large-Scale
Decreases of O Column Density at Middle Latitudes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 59, 725737, 1997.
316. Bennett, L., M. G. Kivelson, K. K. Khurana, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, A Model of
the Earth's Distant Bow Shock, UCLA-IGPP Publication #4860, 1997.
317. Bagenal, F., F. J. Crary, A. I. F. Stewart, N. M. Schneider, D. A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, L.
A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, Galileo Measurements of Plasma Density in the Io
Torus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2119-2122, 1997.
1998
318. Berchem, J., J. Raeder, M. Ashour-Abdalla, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson,
S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto and R. P. Lepping, Large-Scale Dynamics of the
Magnetospheric Boundary: Comparisons Between Global MHD Simulation Results
and ISTP Observations, in Geospace Mass and Energy Flow: Results From the
International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 104, pp.
247-260, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1998.
319. Berchem, J., J. Raeder, M. Ashour-Abdalla, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, K. L. Ackerson,
S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto and R. P. Lepping, The Distant Tail at 200 RE:
Comparison Between Geotail Observations and the Results from a Global
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9121-9141, 1998.
320. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Advances in the Physics of
Earth's Magnetotail, in New Perspectives on the Earth's Magnetotail, Geophys.
Monogr. Ser., vol. 105, pp. 167-180, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1998.
321. Paterson, W. R., L. A. Frank, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Geotail Survey of Ion Flow
in the Plasma Sheet: Observations Between 10 and 50 RE, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
11,811-11,825, 1998.
322. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth, H. J. Opgenoorth, R.
Greenwald, E. Friis-Christensen, T. Mukai, R. Nakamura, H. Singer, G. D. Reeves and
M. Lester, Two Substorm Intensifications Compared: Onset, Expansion, and Global
Consequences, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 15-27, 1998.
323. El-Alaoui, M., M. Ashour-Abdalla, J. Raeder, V. Peroomian, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson
and J. M. Bosqued, Modeling Magnetotail Ion Distributions with Global
Magnetohydrodynamic and Ion Trajectory Calculations, in Geospace Mass and
Energy Flow: Results From the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program,
Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 104, pp. 291-296, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1998.
324. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, J. Raeder, R. L. Richard, R. J. Walker,
L. M. Zelenyi, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, J. M. Bosqued, R. P. Lepping, K. Ogilvie,
S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Determination of Particle Sources for a Geotail
Distribution Function Observed on May 23, 1995, in Geospace Mass and Energy
Flow: Results From the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program, Geophys.
Monogr. Ser., vol. 104, pp. 297-312, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1998.
325. Eastman, T. E., S. P. Christon, T. Doke, L. A. Frank, G. Gloeckler, H. Kojima, S.
Kokubun, A. T. Y. Lui, H. Matsumoto, R. W. McEntire, T. Mukai, W. R. Paterson, E.
C. Roelof, Y. Saito, K. Tsuruda, D. J. Williams and T. Yamamoto, Magnetospheric
Plasma Regimes Identified Using Geotail Measurements, 1. Regime Identification
and Distant Tail Variability, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 23,503-23,520, 1998.
326. Christon, S. P., T. E. Eastman, T. Doke, L. A. Frank, G. Gloeckler, H. Kojima, S.
Kokubun, A. T. Y. Lui, H. Matsumoto, R. W. McEntire, T. Mukai, S. R. Nylund, W.
R. Paterson, E. C. Roelof, Y. Saito, T. Sotirelis, K. Tsuruda, D. J. Williams and T.
Yamamoto, Magnetospheric Plasma Regimes Identified Using Geotail Measurements,
2. Statistics, Spatial Distribution, and Geomagnetic Dependence, J. Geophys. Res.,
103, 23,521-23,542, 1998.
327. Paterson, W. R., L. A. Frank, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Geotail Observations of
Current Systems in the Plasma Sheet, in Geospace Mass and Energy Flow: Results
From the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.
104, pp. 201-211, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1998.
328. Hull, A. J., J. D. Scudder, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson and M. G. Kivelson, Electron
Heating and Phase Space Signatures at Strong and Weak Quasi-perpendicular Shocks,
J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2041-2054, 1998.
329. Hull, A. J., J. D. Scudder, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson and M. G. Kivelson, Correction to
Electron Heating and Phase Space Signatures at Strong and Weak Quasi-perpendicular
Shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9587-9590, 1998.
330. Whipple, E. C., J. S. Halekas, J. D. Scudder, W. R. Paterson, L. A. Frank, R. B. Sheldon,
N. C. Maynard, D. R. Weimer, C. T. Russell, K. Tsuruda, H. Hayakawa and T.
Yamamoto, Identification of Magnetospheric Particles that Travel Between Spacecraft
and Their Use to Help Obtain Magnetospheric Potential Distributions, J. Geophys.
Res., 103, 93-102, 1998.
331. Chang, S. -W., J. D. Scudder, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, N. C. Maynard, W. J. Burke, W.
K. Peterson, E. G. Shelley, R. Friedel, J. B. Blake, R. A. Greenwald, R. P. Lepping, G.
J. Sofko, J.-P. Villain and M. Lester, A Comparison of a Model for the Theta Aurora
with Observations from Polar, Wind and SuperDARN, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,36717,390, 1998.
332. Crary, F. J., F. Bagenal, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, Galileo Plasma Spectrometer
Measurements of Composition and Temperature in the Io Plasma Torus, J. Geophys.
Res., 103, 29,359-29,370, 1998.
333. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and W. R. Paterson, High-Resolution Global Images of Earth's
Auroras During Substorms, in Substorms-4, International Conference on Substorms-4,
Lake Hamana, Japan, March 9-13, 1998, eds. S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 3-8,
Terra Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan, 1998.
334. Tagirov, V. R., V. A. Arinin, C.-I. Meng, D. G. Sibeck, A. T. Y. Lui, K. Liou, A. G.
Ivanov, L. A. Frank, D. Morgan and G. Parks, Comparison of Two Substorm Onsets
on the Basis of Coordinated Ground-Satellite Observations, in Substorms-4,
International Conference on Substorms-4, Lake Hamana, Japan, March 9-13, 1998,
eds. S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 339-342, Terra Scientific Publishing Company,
Tokyo, Japan, 1998.
335. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, J. Raeder, R. J. Walker, L. A. Frank and
W. R. Paterson, Sources and Transport of Plasma Sheet Ions During Magnetospheric
Substorms, in Substorms-4, International Conference on Substorms-4, Lake Hamana,
Japan, March 9-13, 1998, eds. S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 479-484, Terra
Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan, 1998.
336. Anderson, R. R., D. A. Gurnett, L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth, H. Matsumoto, K. Hashimoto,
H. Kojima, Y. Kasaba, M. L. Kaiser, G. Rostoker, J.-L. Bougeret, J. L. Steinberg, I.
Nagano, T. Murata, H. J. Singer, T. G. Onsager and M. F. Thomsen, Geotail, Polar,
Wind, Canopus, and ISTP Associated Geosynchronous Satellite Observations of
Plasma Wave Emissions and Related Magnetospheric Phenomena During Substorms,
in Substorms-4, International Conference on Substorms-4, Lake Hamana, Japan,
March 9-13, 1998, eds. S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 567-572, Terra Scientific
Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan, 1998.
337. El-Alaoui, M., M. Ashour-Abdalla, J. Raeder, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, A Study of
Transport in the Near-Earth Plasma Sheet During a Substorm Using Time-Dependent
Large Scale Kinetics, in Substorms-4, International Conference on Substorms-4, Lake
Hamana, Japan, March 9-13, 1998, eds. S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 567-572,
Terra Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan, 1998.
338. Sandahl, I., H. E. J. Koskinen, A. M. Mälkki, T. I. Pulkkinen, E. Yu. Budnik, A. O.
Fedorov, L. A. Frank and J. B. Sigwarth, Dispersive Magnetosheath-Like Ion
Injections in the Evening Sector on January 11, 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 25692572, 1998.
1999
339. Seon, J., S. M. Park, K. W. Min, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson and K. W. Ogilvie,
Observations of Density Fluctuations in Earth's Magnetosheath with Geotail and Wind
Spacecraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 959-962, 1999.
340. Usui, H., W. R. Paterson, H. Matsumoto, L. A. Frank, M. Nakamura, H. Matsui, T.
Yamamoto, O. Nishimura and J. Koizumi, Geotail Electron Observations in
Association with Intense Bursts of Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in the
Dayside Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4477-4484, 1999.
341. Yagitani, S., I. Nagano, H. Matsumoto, Y. Omura, W. R. Paterson, L. A. Frank and R. R.
Anderson, Wave and Particle Measurements for Chorus Emissions by Geotail in the
Magnetosphere, Microscopic Processes in Space Plasmas and Their Role in
Macroscale Phenomena, Adv. Space Res., 24(1), 91-94, 1999.
342. Matsumoto, H., L. A. Frank, Y. Omura, H. Kojima, W. R. Paterson, M. Tsutsui, R. R.
Anderson, S. Horiyama, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Generation Mechanism of
ESW Based on GEOTAIL Plasma Wave Observation, Plasma Observation and
Particle Simulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 421-424, 1999.
343. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Atmospheric Holes:
Effects, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 115-141, 1999.
Instrumental and Geophysical
344. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Correction to Atmospheric Holes: Instrumental and
Geophysical Effects, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4397-4398, 1999 (correction due to
publisher's error).
345. Holland, D. L., W. R. Paterson, L. A. Frank, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Signatures of
Nonlinear Charged Particle Dynamics in Geotail Comprehensive Plasma Instrument
Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2479-2485, 1999.
346. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, A Search for Coastline Effects on the Auroras, J. Atmos.
Solar-Terr. Phys., 61, 879-901, 1999.
347. Yin, L., M. Ashour-Abdalla, R. L. Richard, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, Generation of
Electrostatic Waves by Discontinuous Electron Distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 104,
12,415-12,429, 1999.
348. Paterson, W. R., L. A. Frank and K. L. Ackerson, Galileo Plasma Observations at Europa:
Ion Energy Spectra and Moments, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,779-22,791, 1999.
349. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Production of Hydrogen Ions at Io, J. Geophys. Res., 104,
10,345-10,354, 1999.
350. Pickett, J. S., D. A. Gurnett, J. D. Menietti, M. J. LeDocq, J. D. Scudder, L. A. Frank, J. B.
Sigwarth, K. L. Ackerson, D. D. Morgan, J. R. Franz, P. M. Kintner, B. T. Tsurutani,
C. M. Ho, J. Chen, T. A. Fritz, C. T. Russell, W. K. Peterson, Y. Kasahara, I. Kimura,
S. Watanabe, G. G. Arkos, G. Rostoker, S. Kokubun, H. Fukunishi, R. F. Pfaff, F. S.
Mozer, S.-Y. Hsieh, T. Mukai and M. O. Chandler, Plasma Waves Observed During
Cusp Energetic Particle Events and Their Correlation With Polar and Akebono
Satellite and Ground Data, Adv. Space Res., 24, 23-33, 1999.
351. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, L. L. Cogger, L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth, S. Kokubun, T.
Mukai, H. J. Singer, K. Ogilvie, J. A. Slavin and L. Zelenyi, Spatial Extent and
Dynamics of a Thin Current Sheet During the Substorm Growth Phase on December
10, 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28,475-28,490, 1999.
352. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, R. J. Walker, J. Raeder, L. A. Frank and
W. R. Paterson, Source Distributions of Substorm Ions Observed in the Near-Earth
Magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 955-958, 1999.
353. Paranicas, C., W. R. Paterson, A. F. Cheng, B. H. Mauk, R. W. McEntire, L. A. Frank and
D. J. Williams, Energetic Particle Observations Near Ganymede, J. Geophys. Res.,
104, 17,459-17,469, 1999.
354. Kamide, Y., S. Kokubun, L. F. Bargatze and L. A. Frank, The Size of the Polar Cap as an
Indicator of Substorm Energy, Phys. Chem. Earth (C), 24(1-3), 119-127, 1999.
355. Paterson, W. R. and L. A. Frank, Reply to "Comment on 'Geotail Survey of Ion Flow in the
Plasma Sheet: Observations Between 10 and 50 RE,' by W. R. Paterson and L. A.
Frank" by V. Angelopoulos, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,527-17,529, 1999.
356. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Intense Electron Beams Observed at Io With the Galileo
Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28,657-28,669, 1999.
357. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Comment on 'A Search for Small Comets With the Naval
Space Radar,' by S. Knowles et al., J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,605-22,607, 1999.
358. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, J. Raeder, R. J. Walker, L. A. Frank and
W. R. Paterson, Origins and Transport of Ions During Magnetospheric Substorms, in
Sun-Earth Plasma Connections, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 109, pp. 183-193, AGU,
Washington, D.C., 1999.
359. Nakamura, R., G. Haerendel, W. Baumjohann, A. Vaivads, H. Kucharek, B. Klecker, E.
Georgescu, J. Birn, L. M. Kistler, T. Mukai, S. Kokubun, P. Eglitis, L. A. Frank and J.
B. Sigwarth, Substorm Observations in the Early Morning Sector With Equator-S and
Geotail, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1602-1610, 1999.
360. Russell, C. T., D. E. Huddleston, R. J. Strangeway, X. Blanco-Cano, M. G. Kivelson, K. K.
Khurana, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson, D. A. Gurnett and W. S. Kurth, Mirror Mode
Structures at the Galileo-Io Flyby: Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,47117,477, 1999.
361. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, R. J. Walker, L. M. Zelenyi, L. A. Frank
and W. R. Paterson, Localized Reconnection and Substorm Onset on Dec. 22, 1996,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3545-3548, 1999.
2000
362. Henderson, M. G., G. D. Reeves, A. M. Jorgensen, H. E. Spence, L. A. Frank, J. B.
Sigwarth, J. F. Fennell, J. L. Roeder, J. B. Blake, K. Yumoto and S. Bourdarie, Polar
CEPPAD/IPS Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Images of a Substorm Injection, Adv.
Space Res., 25, 2407-2416, 2000.
363. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Observations of Plasmas in the Io Torus With the Galileo
Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16,017-16,034, 2000.
364. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Findings Concerning the Positions of Substorm Onsets
With Auroral Images From the Polar Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12,74712,761, 2000. (correction due to publisher's error J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18,91918,920, 2000.)
365. Sigwarth, J. B. and L. A. Frank, Comment on ‘Atmospheric Holes are Not Small Comets,’
by A. W. Harris, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18,581-18,584, 2000.
366. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, J. B. Sigwarth and S. Kokubun, Observations of Magnetic
Field Dipolarization During Auroral Substorm Onset, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15,89715,912, 2000.
367. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Return to Io by the Galileo Spacecraft:
Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 25,363-25,378, 2000.
Plasma
368. Yin, L., F. V. Coroniti, P. L. Pritchett, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, Kinetic Aspects of
the Jovian Current Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 25,345-25,361, 2000.
369. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, R. J. Walker, J. Raeder, L. A. Frank and
W. R. Paterson, The Origin of the Near-Earth Plasma Population During a Substorm
on November 24, 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2589-2605, 2000.
370. Cummer, S. A., R. R. Vondrak, N. Østgaard, J. Stadsnes, J. Bjordal, D. L. Chenette, M. J.
Brittnacher, G. K. Parks, J. B. Sigwarth and L. A. Frank, Global Multispectral Auroral
Imaging of an Isolated Substorm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 637-640, 2000.
371. Phan, T. D., L. M. Kistler, B. Klecker, G. Haerendel, G. Paschmann, B. U. Ö. Sonnerup,
W. Baumjohann, M. B. Bavassano-Cattaneo, C. W. Carlson, A. M. DiLellis, K.-H.
Fornacon, L. A. Frank, M. Fujimoto, E. Georgescu, S. Kokubun, E. Moebius, T.
Mukai, M. Øieroset, W. R. Paterson and H. Reme, Extended Magnetic Reconnection
at the Earth's Magnetopause From Detection of Bi-directional Jets, Nature, 404, 848850, 2000.
372. Lui, A. T. Y., K. Liou, P. T. Newell, C.-I. Meng, S. Ohtani, R. W. McEntire, N. J. Fox, R.
P. Lepping, W. R. Paterson, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, S. Kokubun, G. K. Parks, T.
Moretto, and K. Yumoto, Conjunction of Tail Satellites for Substorm Study: ISTP
Event of 1997 January 2, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1831-1834, 2000.
373. Terasawa, T., Y. Kasaba, K. Tsubouchi, T. Mukai, Y. Saito, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson,
K. Ackerson, H. Matsumoto, H. Kojima, H. Matsui, D. Larson, R. Lin, T. Phan, J.
Steinberg, D. McComas, R. Skoug, M. Fujimoto, M. Hoshino and A. Nishida,
GEOTAIL Observations of Anomalously Low Density Plasma in the Magnetosheath,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3781-3784, 2000.
374. Koskinen, H. E. J., A. M. Malkki, T. I. Pulkkinen, I. Sandahl, E. Y. Budnik, A. O. Fedorov,
R. A. Greenwald, K. B. Baker, L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and W. K. Peterson,
Observations of Plasma Entry into the Magnetosphhere at Late Magnetic Local Times,
Coordinated Measurements of Magnetospheric Processes, Adv. Space Res., 25(7/8),
1617-1622, 2000.
375. Jorgensen, A. M., L. Kepko, M. G. Henderson, H. E. Spence, G. D. Reeves, J. B. Sigwarth
and L. A. Frank, Association of Energetic Neutral Atom Bursts and Magnetospheric
Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18,753-18,763, 2000.
2001
376. Raeder, J., R. L. McPherron, L. A. Frank, S. Kokubun, G. Lu, T. Mukai, W. R. Paterson, J.
B. Sigwarth, H. Singer, and J. A. Slavin, Global Simulation of the Geospace
Environment Modeling Substorm Challenge Event, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 381-395,
2001.
377. Lyons, L. R., R. L. McPherron, E. Zesta, G. D. Reeves, J. B. Sigwarth and L. A. Frank,
Timing of Substorm Signatures During the November 24, 1996, Geospace
Environment Modeling Event, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 349-359, 2001.
378. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Detection of Small Comets With a Ground-Based
Telescope, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 3665-3683, 2001.
379. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Survey of Thermal Ions in the Io Plasma Torus With the
Galileo Spacecraft, 106, 6131-6149, J. Geophys. Res., 2001.
380. Kaufmann, R. L., B. M. Ball, W. R. Paterson and L. A. Frank, Plasma Sheet Thickness and
Electric Currents, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 6179-6193, 2001.
381. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth, W. R. Paterson and S. Kokubun, Two Encounters of the
Substorm Onset Region With the Geotail Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 58115831, 2001.
382. Ober, D. M., N. C. Maynard, W. J. Burke, W. K. Peterson, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, J.
D. Scudder, W. J. Hughes and C. T. Russell, Electrodynamics of the Poleward Auroral
Border Observed by Polar During a Substorm on April 22, 1998, J. Geophys. Res.,
106, 5927-5943, 2001.
383. Kojima, H., M. Ashour-Abdalla, W. R. Paterson, H. Matsumoto, L. A. Frank, R. R.
Anderson, R. L. Richard, S. Kokubun and T. Yamamoto, Generation of the
Narrowband Electrostatic Noise in the Geomagnetic Tail: Geotail Observations, J.
Geophys. Res., 106, 8483-8488, 2001.
384. Conde, M., J. D. Craven, T. Immel, E. Hoch, H. Stenbaek-Nielsen, T. Hallinan, R. W.
Smith, J. Olson, W. Sun, L. A. Frank and J. Sigwarth, Assimilated Observations of
Thermospheric Winds, the Aurora, and Ionospheric Currents Over Alaska, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 10,493-10,508, 2001.
385. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Comment on ‘An Optical Search for Small Comets,’ by R.
L. Mutel and J. D. Fix, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24,857-24,862, 2001.
386. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Passage Through Io's Ionospheric Plasmas by the Galileo
Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 26,209-26,224, 2001.
387. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson, J. B. Sigwarth and T. Mukai, Observations of Plasma Sheet
Dynamics Earthward of the Onset Region With the Geotail Spacecraft, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 18,823-18,841, 2001.
388. McWilliams, K. A., S. E. Milan, T. K. Yeoman, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank and M.
Brittnacher, Interplanetary Magnetic Field By Dependence of the Relative Position of
the Dayside Ultraviolet Auroral Oval and the HF Radar Cusp, J. Geophys. Res., 106,
29,027-29,036, 2001.
389. McWilliams, K. A., T. K. Yeoman, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank and M. Brittnacher, The
Dayside Ultraviolet Aurora and Convection Responses to a Southward Turning of the
Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Ann. Geophys., 19, 707-721, 2001.
390. Phan, T. D., M. P. Freeman, L. M. Kistler, B. Klecker, G. Haerendel, G. Paschmann, B. U.
Ö. Sonnerup, W. Baumjohann, M. B. Bavassano-Cattaneo, C. W. Carlson, A. M.
DiLellis, K.-H. Fornacon, L. A. Frank, M. Fujimoto, E. Georgescu, S. Kokubun,
E. Moebius, T. Mukai, W. R. Paterson and H. Reme, Evidence for an Extended
Reconnection Line at the Dayside Magnetopause, Earth Planets and Space, 53 (6),
619-625, 2001.
391. Henderson, M. G., L. Kepko, H. E. Spence, M. Connors, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, H. J.
Singer and K. Yumoto, The Evolution of North-South Aligned Auroral Forms into
Auroral Torch Structures: The Generation of Omega Bands and Ps6 Pulsations Via
Flow Bursts, submitted to Geophys. Res. Lett., 2001.
2002
392. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson and K. K. Khurana, Observations of Thermal Plasmas in
Jupiter's Magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A1), 1003, DOI 10.1029/2001JA000077,
2002.
393. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Plasmas Observed With the Galileo Spacecraft During its
Flyby Over Io's Northern Polar Region, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A8), 1220, DOI
10.1029/2002JA009240, 2002.
394. Kaufmann, R. L., C. Lu, W. R. Paterson and L. A. Frank, Three-Dimensional Analyses of
Electric Currents and Pressure Anisotropies in the Plasma Sheet, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(A7), 1103, DOI 10.1029/2001JA000288, 2002.
395. Ohtani, S., R. Yamaguchi, H. Kawano, F. Creutzberg, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank and T.
Mukai, Does the Braking of the Fast Plasma Flow Trigger a Substorm?: A Study of
the August 14, 1996, Event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(15), 1721, DOI
10.1029/2001GL013785, 2002.
396. Huang, C.-Song, J. C. Foster, P. Song, G. J. Sofko, L. A. Frank and W. R. Paterson, Geotail
Observations of Magnetospheric Midtail During an Extended Period of Strongly
Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(4), DOI
10.1029/2001GL014170, 2002.
397. Frank, L. A., W. R. Paterson and J. B. Sigwarth, Observations of Plasma Injection Into the
Ring Current During Substorm Expansive Phase, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A11), 1343,
DOI 10.1029/2001JA000169, 2002.
398. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Galileo Observations of Electron Beams and Thermal
Ions in Jupiter's Magnetosphere and Their Relationship to the Auroras, J. Geophys.
Res., 107(A12), 1478, DOI 10.1029/2001JA009150, 2002.
399. Henderson, M. G., L. Kepko, H. E. Spence, M. Connors, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, H. J.
Singer and K. Yumoto, The Evolution of North-South Aligned Auroral Forms into
Auroral Torch Structures: The Generation of Omega Bands and Ps6 Pulsations via
Flow Bursts, in Sixth International Conference on Substorms, University of
Washington, Seattle, March 25-29, 2002, ed. R. M. Winglee, pp. 169-174, University
of Washington press, 2002.
400. Lu, G., E. F. Donovan, T. Nagai, T. Mukai, D. Lummerzheim, G. K. Parks, L. A. Frank, H.
J. Singer, M. B. Moldwin, J. L. Posch, M. J. Engebretson and J. Watermann, Substorm
Development as Seen Through Coordinated Multi-Instrument Observations, in Sixth
International Conference on Substorms, University of Washington, Seattle, March 2529, 2002, ed. R. M. Winglee, pp. 63-70, University of Washington press, 2002.
401. El-Alaoui, M., M. Ashour-Abdalla, R. L. Richard, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson and J. B.
Sigwarth, Distinct Magnetospheric Responses to Southward IMF in Two Substorms,
in Sixth International Conference on Substorms, University of Washington, Seattle,
March 25-29, 2002, ed. R. M. Winglee, pp. 352-357, University of Washington press,
2002.
402. Ivchenko, N., P. Eglitis, M. Berthomier, L. Peticolas, A. Kullen, G. Marklund, L. Frank, J.
Sigwarth, K. Kauristie and M. Brittnacher, Field Aligned Current Structures and
Associated Pulsations During Substorm Recovery, submitted to J. Geophys. Res.,
2002.
403. Gjerloev, J. W., R. A. Hoffman, M. M. Friel, L. A. Frank and J. B. Sigwarth, Substorm
Behavior of the Auroral Electrojet Indices AU and AL, submitted to J. Geophys. Res.,
2002.
2003
404. Maynard, N. C., W. J. Burke, J. Moen, D. M. Ober, J. D. Scudder, J. B. Sigwarth, G. L.
Siscoe, B. U. Ö. Sonnerup, W. W. White, K. D. Siebert, D. R. Weimer, G. M.
Erickson, L. A. Frank, M. Lester, W. K. Peterson, C. T. Russell, G. R. Wilson and A.
Egeland, Responses of the Open-Closed Field Line Boundary in the Evening Sector to
IMF Changes: A Source Mechanism for Sun-aligned Arcs, J. Geophys. Res.,
108(A1), 1006, DOI 10.1029/2001JA000174, 2003.
405. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Simultaneous Images of the Northern and Southern
Auroras From the Polar Spacecraft: An Auroral Substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A4),
8015, DOI 10.1029/2002JA009356, 2003.
406. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Reply to "Comment on 'Detection of Small Comets With a
Ground-Based Telescope' by L. A. Frank and J. B. Sigwarth," by R. L. Mutel and J. D.
Fix, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A5), 1172, DOI 10.1029/2002JA009469, 2003.
407. Kaufmann, R. L., W. R. Paterson and L. A. Frank, Birkeland Currents in the Plasma Sheet,
J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1299, DOI 10.1029/2002JA009665, 2003.
408. Østgaard, N., S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, L. A. Frank and J. B. Sigwarth, Observations of
Non-Conjugate Theta Aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(21), 2125, DOI
10.1029/2003GL017914, 2003.
409. Pulkkinen, T. I., E. I. Tanskanen, M. Wiltberger, J. A. Slavin, T. Nagai, G. D. Reeves, L.
A. Frank and J. B. Sigwarth, Magnetotail Flows Can Consume as Much Solar Wind
Energy as a Substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A8), 1326, DOI 10.1029/2001JA009132,
2003.
410. Slinker, S. P., J. A. Fedder, D. G. Sibeck, J. G. Lyon, L. A. Frank and T. Mukai, Simulation
of Magnetopause Oscillations Observed January 9, 1996, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(11),
1569, DOI 10.1029/2003GL017063, 2003.
2004
411. Østgaard, N., S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, T. J. Immel, L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and T. J.
Stubbs, Interplanetary Magnetic Field Control of the Location of Substorm Onset and
Auroral Features in the Conjugate Hemispheres, J. Geophys. Res., 109, AO7204, DOI
10.1029/2003JA010370, 2004.
412. Kaufmann, R. L., W. R. Paterson and L. A. Frank, Magnetization of the Plasma Sheet, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, A09212, DOI 10.1029/2003JA010148, 2004.
413. Kaufmann, R. L., W. R. Paterson and L. A. Frank, Pressure, Volume, Density
Relationships in the Plasma Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A08204, DOI
10.1029/2003JA010317, 2004.
414. Frank, L. A. and W. R. Paterson, Plasmas Observed Near Local Noon in Jupiter's
Magnetosphere With the Galileo Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A11217, DOI
10.1029/2002JA009795, 2004.
2005
415. Stubbs, T. J., R. R. Vondrak, N. Østgaard, J. B. Sigwarth and L. A. Frank, Simultaneous
Observations of the Auroral Ovals in Both Hemispheres Under Varying Conditions,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03103, DOI 10.1029/2004GL021199, 2005.
416. Ahn, B.-H., G. X. Chen, W. Sun, J. W. Gjerloev, Y. Kamide, J. B. Sigwarth and L. A.
Frank, Equatorward Expansion of the Westward Electrojet During Magnetically
Disturbed Periods, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A01305, DOI 10.1029/2004JA010553,
2005.
417. Ball, B. M., R. L. Kaufmann, W. R. Paterson and L. A. Frank, Nonadiabatic Orbit Features
in Ion Distribution Functions of Fast Flow Magnetotail Configurations, J. Geophys.
Res., 110, A04208, DOI 10.1029/2004JA010676, 2005.
418. Østgaard, N., N. A. Tsyganenko, S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, T. J. Immel, M. Fillingim, L. A.
Frank and J. B. Sigwarth, Observations and Model Predictions of Substorm Auroral
Asymmetries in the Conjugate Hemispheres, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05111, DOI
10.1029/2004GL022166, 2005.