IMAGE RESTORATION PROCESS IN
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Muskan Chaurasia*
Department of computer science
Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology for Women
Affiliated to UPTU, Lucknow
Ghaziabad (U.P.), INDIA
Email id- mchaurasia650@gmail.com
Ekta panday*
Department of computer science
Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology for Women
Affiliated to UPTU, Lucknow
Ghaziabad (U.P.),INDIA
Chhavika Sharma*
Department of computer science
Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology for Women
Affiliated to UPTU, Lucknow
Ghaziabad (U.P.), INDIA
Co-author -Mrs. Neha Diwedi
Department of computer science
Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology for Women
Affiliated to UPTU, Lucknow
Ghaziabad (U.P.), INDIA
Abstract
As a research topic in the information system, digital
image processing is very important to scientific
society. Digital image processing is used in different
fields, medical imaging, remote sensing, computer
vision military, target localization etc. This paper
goes to discuss the basic information of digital image
processing , areas of application of digital image
processing like
Gamma-Ray Imaging, X-ray
Imaging, Imaging in ultraviolet Band, Imaging in the
visible and infrared Bands , Imaging in the micro
wave Band, Imaging in Radio Band .This paper also
explains image representation with in computers. In
this research paper discuss the fundamental steps of
digital image processing .Digital image processing
extends the numerical processing of digital image
,basically digital image processing system refers to
processing the digital images by means of digital
computer. Image restoration is techniques is used to
improve the image quality in some predefined sense
.Image restoration attempts to recover the image that
has been degraded by using a priori knowledge of
the degradation phenomenon.
I.
Introduction:-
Digital image processing refers to processing
digital image by means of digital computer and use
of computer algorithms to perform image
processing on images. An Image digitizer and an
image display device is require for image
processing on the computer. An image may be
defined as two dimensional function f(x,y) where x
and y are spatial coordinates and the amplitude of f
at any pair of coordinates is called intensity of the
image at that point. when the x,y and intensity
values are finite or discrete quantities then image is
called digital image . there are many areas of
digital image processing. Fundamental steps of
digital image processing are image acquisition
image enhancement, image restoration, color image
processing ,wavelets and multi resolution process
compression
,morphological
processing
,segmentation ,representation and description,
object recognition.
II.
Application
of
digital
image
processing:a) Gamma ray imaging:-Nuclear medicine
and astronomical observation.
b) X-ray imaging: –x rays of body.
c) Ultraviolet band imaging:- Lithography,
Industrial inspection microscopy, lasers,
biological imaging etc.
d) Imaging in visible and infrared bands :–
Major area of visual processing in remote
sensing.
e) Imaging in microwave band:–Imaging in
microwave band is RADAR which is used
to collect data over virtual region at any
time regardless of weather.
f) Imaging in radio band: –Medicine and
astronomy.
III.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Fundamental steps of digital image
processing: –
Image acquisition:-Image acquisition is
the process of acquire the image and
gives some hints regarding the origin of
digital image .it also involves some
preprocessing such as scaling.
Image processing:-This step focuses on
improve the image that increases the
chances for success of other process.
Image
enhancement:
Image
enhancement is the process of
manipulating an image so that the result
is more suitable than the original for
specific application. The goal of image
enhancement is to accentuate certain
image features for subsequent analysis.
Image restoration: - It is an area that
deals with improving the appearance of
an image .Restoration is objective which
is
based
on
mathematical
or
probabilistic
modals
of
image
degradation.
Color image processing:-The use of
color in image processing is motivated
by two factor first is powerful descriptor
that simplifies object identification and
extraction from scene. second is color
shades and intensities.
Fig.1 Fundamental steps of digital image processing.
vi.
Wavelets:- Wavelets transform allows
multi resolution analysis of image.
vii.
Image
segmentation:Image
segmentation refers to process of
partitioning the image into groups of
pixels which are homogeneous with
respect to some criterion .
viii.
Image
Compression:-Image
compression deals with reducing the
storage requirement to save an image.
ix.
Image
representation:-Image
presentation is the process of conversion
of input data into a form suitable for
computer processing.
x.
Image description:-image description
process is used to extract features that
result in some quantitative information
of that are basic for differentiating one
class of object from another.
Morphological
processing:Morphological
processing
process
provide the tools for extracting image
components that also useful in
description of shape and representation.
xi.
xii.
Image recognition:-The goal of image
recognition is to describe the image with
respect to color ,texture, and shape.
xiii.
Image restoration:-Image restoration
technique aim at reversing the
degradation undergone by an image to
recover the true image .image may be
corrupted by degradation such as linear
frequency distortion, noise,and blocking
artifacts .the degradation consist to
motion ,defocusing, and atmospheric
turbulence.
Image degradation:-
IV.
The process by which the original image is blurred
is usually very complex and often unknown. To
simplify the calculation, the degradation is often
modeled as a linear function which is often reffered
as point spread function.
Causes of degradation:


VII. References:-
Misfocus of lens.
Relative motion between camera and
object.
Improper opening and closing the shutter
V.
Image degradation and restoration
process:Restoration is a technique which is used to improve
an image in some pre defined sense. Image
restoration is the objective process .restoration
attempts to reconstruct or recover an image that has
been degraded by using the prior knowledge of the
degradation phenomenon. Restoration techniques
are oriented towards modeling of the degradation
and applying the inverse process in order to recover
the original image.
Fig.2 Image degradation/restoration process.
The degradation process is modeled as a
degradation function that ,together with an additive
noise term ,operates on an input image f(x,y) to
produce a degraded image g(x,y) .
Objective of restoration is to obtain an estimate
f’(x,y) of the original image .
g(x,y)=h(x,y)*f(x,y)+n(x,y)
where *indicates convolution operation .
frequency domain representation is
VI. Conclusion:Use of information systems in the scientific
community image processing is very important.
New processing hardware and algorithms are
constant topic of research. Fields such as
astronomy will continue to use digital image
processing and ensure that this area of information
systems stays relevant for years
to come.
in
G(u,v)=H(u,v) F(u.v)+N(u,v)
where G(u,v), H(u,v), N(u,v) are Fourier transform
of g(x,y) , h(x,y), n(x,y) respectively.
a)
b)
c)
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(2004).Digital
Signal
Processing
and
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Jump up^ Billings S.A. "Nonlinear System
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Jump up^ Oppenheim, Alan V.; Schafer,
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