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Volcanoes and Earthquakes Study Guide
Class:
Test Friday 10/15
Volcanoes
Volcanic Materials
1. A lava flow with a surface of rough, jagged blocks and sharp, angular projections is called _______________
2. A lava flow with that flows slowly and forms what looks like braids in a rope is called ______________________________
3. What are pyroclastic materials? ___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Circle the pyroclastic materials in the list below
a. Ash
b. Lapilli
c. Pahoehoe
d. Aa
e. Cinders
f. Composite
g. Shield
5. _________________ is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity.
6. Label the features A-D on the figure
Magma/Lava properties
7. How does raising the temperature of lava affect its viscosity? _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. How is the viscosity of a magma related to its silica content? __________________________________________________________
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9. Magma from explosive volcanoes tends to have what properties?
- __________________________________________________________
- __________________________________________________________
- __________________________________________________________
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10. Magma forms when ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
and rises to the surface because __________________________________________________________________________________________
11. What affects the melting point of a rock
a.
b.
c.
d.
Types of volcanoes
12. What plays a major part in determining the form of a volcano? ______________________________________________________
13. How are shield volcanoes formed? _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. How are composite volcanoes formed? __________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. How are cinder cones formed? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Volcano/Plate Interactions
16. What type of plate boundary results in volcanic island arcs? ___________________________________________________________
17. What type of plate boundary results in continental volcanic arcs? ____________________________________________________
18. How were the Hawaiian Islands formed? ________________________________________________________________________________
19. Where are most active volcanoes located? _______________________________________________________________________________
a. Why are they located here? _______________________________________________________________________________________
20. Diagram an oceanic- continental convergent boundary and what it produces.
Earthquakes
Earthquake waves
21. Name the 3 earthquake waves.
a.
b.
c.
22. Which of these waves is the most destructive? ___________________________________
23. Which of these waves is the slowest? _____________________________________________
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24. Which of these waves is the fastest? ______________________________________________
25. Which wave travels through solids only? ________________________________________
26. Put the three earthquake waves in order from slowest to fastest.
a.
b.
c.
Earthquake features
27. What is the focus of an earthquake? ______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
28. What is the epicenter of an earthquake? _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
29. How are the two related? __________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
30. What is the intensity of an earthquake? __________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
31. How is the Richter magnitude of an earthquake determined? _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
32. Most of the information about earthquakes is obtained by studying __________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Earthquake Effects
33. What are tsunamis and how are they related to earthquakes? _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
34. What are the smaller earthquakes that precede a major earthquake? _________________________________________________
35. What earthquakes come after a major earthquake? _____________________________________________________________________
36. If you had to choose in what location you would be when an earthquake struck, which of the following would
you choose and WHY?
- area with granite bedrock
- area with loosely consolidated soil
- area with structures built on a landfill
- area with steep slopes of unconsolidated sediments
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Travel-Time graphs
37. According to the figure, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the
first S wave arrives 4.0 minutes after the first P wave? (SHOW YOUR WORK)
38. Use the graph to determine the difference is the travel-times of the first P wave and first S wave if the seismic
station is 4000 km from the epicenter. (SHOW YOUR WORK)
39. According to the figure, when will the first P wave arrive if an earthquake epicenter is about 1800 km from the
seismic station? (SHOW YOUR WORK)