Unit 1 - Physical Properties/States of Matter Matter = anything that takes up space and has mass ______________________________________________ States of Matter = solids, liquids, gases Solids = definite shape, definite volume Liquids = no definite shape, definite volume Gases = no definite shape, no definite volume ____________________________________________ Changes of state freezing = liquid to solid melting = solid to liquid boiling/evaporation = liquid to gas condensation = gas to liquid _____________________________________________ Atoms = tiny particles that all matter is made of _______________________________________________ Atomic arrangement within the states of matter Solids = tightly packed atoms Liquids = atoms can slide past each other Gases = large distances between atoms, they move freely ________________________________________________ Physical Properties = characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured. List of Physical Properties Texture, Color, Distance, Shape, Volume, Mass, Density, Temperature-boiling, freezing, melting points _____________________________ Physical Changes = properties may change, but the substance stays the same. Physical changes are reversible. All changes of states are physical changes. ________________________________________ Distance = measured with a ruler or meter stick Units millimeters = mm = smallest 1000mm = 1 meter centimeter = cm = 100cm = 1 meter 10mm = 1 cm kilometer = km =1000 meters __________________________________________ Mass = measured with the balance Units milligram = mg = smallest unit = 1000mg = 1 gram 1 kilogram = 1000 grams _____________________________________________ Volume = amount of space an object takes up Volume = 1. Regular shaped solid objects can be measured with a ruler (length x width x height) Example: 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm = 1000 cubic centimeters 2. Liquids measured with a graduated cylinder or beaker and are reported in mL 3. Water Displacement method = put odd shaped object into a graduated cylinder, the amount of water that rises in the cylinder is the volume of the odd shape Units milliliter = mL = smallest unit = 1000 mL = 1 Liter __________________________________________ Temperature = measured with a thermometer 0 degrees Celsius = freezing point = 32 degrees Fahrenheit 100 degrees Celsius = boiling point = 212 degrees Fahrenheit ____________________________________________ Density = the amount of mass compared to volume of an object Density = grams divided by milliliters High Density = the object weighs more than the space it takes up = mass greater than volume example = lead Low Density = the object weighs less than the space it takes up = mass less than volume example = styrofoam __________________________________ Density of water is 1 g/mL For every 1 gram of water it takes up 1 mL of space If an object has a density greater than 1 g/mL it sinks If an object has a density less than 1 g/mL it floats ---------------------------------------------------------------Example: Fishing bait #1 has a weight of 10g and takes up 100mL of space. Fishing bait #2 has a weight of 10g but only takes up 5 mL of space. #1 10g Divided by 100mL = .1 g/mL which is less than 1 so it floats #2 10g Divided by 5mL = 2 g/mL which is more than 1 so it sinks ___________________________________________________