Matter: Chemical and
Physical Properties
Review…
 Matter is…
 It commonly comes in
four forms:

Anything that has mass
and takes up space




Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Solids
Matter that has a
definite shape
and definite
volume. Solids will
not take the shape
of a container. They
are made up of
tightly packed
atoms that have
restricted motion.
Liquids
Liquids have a
definite volume
however they will
take the shape of the
container in which
they are placed.
Atoms are arranged
loosely and move
about freely. Because
liquids flow they are
consider fluids.
Gases
Gases take the shape
of whatever contains
them. They have no
definite volume as
they readily expand to
fill a room and can be
compressed tightly to
occupy small spaces.
Atoms moves about
wildly but will flow
and are fluids.
Plasma
Believe it or not the
most common phase
of matter in the
universe! Similar to
gas but even more
“excited” atoms-a
certain number of the
atoms become
ionized. All of the
stars are made of
plasmas.
Phase Transitions: Matter can change from
phase to phase with the addition or removal of
energy.
Properties
 Physical
 Chemical
Defining Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical Pr0perties
Chemical Properties
 A physical property is
 A property of matter
any property that can
be observed or
measured without
changing the
composition of matter.
 Properties that won’t
change the chemical
nature of the matter
that describes its
“potential” to undergo
some chemical change
by virtue of its
composition.
 Properties that will
change the chemical
nature of thematter
Physical Properties
 Boiling Point
 Melting/freezing Point
 Color
 Smell
 Viscosity
 Opacity
 Are there others?
Chemical Properties
 Flammability (and volatility)
 Reactivity to acid
 Reactivity to water
 And more…
What about these properties?
Magnetism?
Solubility (The ability to
dissolve)?
Evidence of a Physical Change
 Change of state (phase)
 Melting/freezing/boiling
 Can be changed back to
/condensing
 Cutting of the material
 Others?
original item easily
 No loss of chemical
properties as a result of
the change
Evidence of Chemical Change
 Temperature change
 Flame/smoke is
 Energy absorbed or given
generated
 Odors not previously
associated with the
substance are present
 Change of mass may
result
off
 Gas bubbles form
 Color change of the
substance
 Substance cannot be
returned to original form
without an additional
chemical reaction