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Pre Lab:
Compound Formula Color M.P Density Solubility in Water
Flame Color
Sodium
Chloride
Benzoic acid
Silicon
Dioxide
Sodium
Carbonate
Potassium
Chloride
Glucose
NaCl
S
1
D
2
Na
2
Co
3
White
C
6
H
5
Cooh Colorless 122.35c° 1.32 g/cm³
Colorless
White
801c°
1600-
1725c°
857c°
2.165 g/cm³
2.64 g/cm³
2.64 g/cm³
Soluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Yellow/Orange
Yellow/Orange
KCL
C
6
H
12
O
4
White
White
770c°
148c°
1.98 g/cm³
1.59 g/cm³
Soluble
Soluble
Purple
Two unknown white powders from compounds studied in pre lab which is labeled with different letters. In this procedure, these two white powders will be set to determine the bonding, structure, conductivity (solid, molten and solution states), melting temperatures
(high, medium, and low) and checking the solubility in distilled water. Any mistakes with the materials and apparatus will cause this experiment to give out different end results.
Aim: The aim is to classify each white powder’s bonding and structure by experimental means.
Apparatus:
Hydrochloric Acid
Distilled water
Bunsen Burner
Heat proof mat
3 small beakers
Two white unknown powders
Metal wire
Power conductor
Light globe
Test tubes
Wooden peg
-Safety Note
–Safety glasses and safety aprons must be worn for this practical. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive, Use with caution. Wash your hands after completing this practical.
Method: Part A – Melting point

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1.
Set up a Bunsen burner
2.
Fill a ¼’s of white powder in to a test tube
3.
Hold the test tube into the Bunsen burner using the blue flame (Air hole open) and time it to see how long it takes to melt the powder.
4.
Repeat step 2 and 3 using the other powder
5.
Classify which powder has low melting point and high melting point
Part A- Conductivity (Solution)
1.
Set up a power conductor and a light globe
2.
Fill a small beaker with 1/3’s of distilled water
3.
Pour in a bit of one of the powders and stir
4.
Use the Light globe to check If the solution contains electrical conductivity
5.
Repeat steps 2 – 4 using the other powder with a different beaker
Powder Solution
Conductivity (Molten)

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1.
Set up the Bunsen burner using the blue flame (Air hole open)
2.
Fill 2 test tubes with the white powders.
3.
Use a wooden peg to hold the test tube into the flame and hold it until the compound melts.
4.
After melting the powders use the light globe to check if any of the powders have conductivity in molten state.
Conductivity (Solid)
1.
Fill half of two test tubes with the white powders
2.
Check the powders in solid state if it contains conductivity using the light globe.
Record down the results of electric conductivity in each state.
Powder

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Part B
The two unknown white powders will be used to identify the flame color, solubility in water and reaction with hydrochloric acid. In this procedure two compounds will be set to classify using the experiments stated above.
Aim: To further investigate the two compounds by checking flame color, solubility and reactions with hydrochloric acid.
Apparatus:
Hydrochloric acid
Bunsen burner
2 Small beakers
Test tubes
Distilled water
Metal wire
Stirring rod
Method:
The flame color
1.
Set up a Bunsen burner.
2.
Fill a test tube with hydrochloric acid to dip the wire in to.
3.
Dip the wire into hydrochloric acid and then dip it into one of the powders.
4.
Hold the wire to the Bunsen burner and see if the flame color changes. (Air hole open)
5.
Repeat steps 3-4 using the other powder.
6.
Record your results.
Solubility in water
1.
Half fill 2 small beakers with distilled water.
2.
Pour in some of the powders into each of the beakers.
3.
Stir it using a stirring rod and see if the compounds are soluble.
4.
Record your results.

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Reaction with hydrochloric acid
1.
Half fill 2 test tubes with hydrochloric acid.
2.
Pour in some of the compounds in to the hydrochloric acid to check the reaction.
3.
Record your results.
Results
A table which shows the results of part A and part B. All results here are from using the methods above.
M.P Temperature Conductivity (solid) Conductivity
(Molten)
Substance A
Substance B
Substance A
High Melting Point No Conductivity
Low Melting Point No Conductivity
Conductivity
(Solution)
Flame color Solubility in
Water
No Conductivity
No Conductivity
Reaction with
Hydrochloric
Acid
No reaction Conducts Yellow/Orange Soluble (After 1 minute)
No Conductivity No color Soluble No reaction Substance B

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Discussion- Part A
From the Melting point experiment, it was set to classify which substance has High melting point and which has low melting point. According to the results above we identified that Compound A has a high melting point and compound B has a low melting point. According to the Pre lab, Compound B was identified as Glucose
(C
6
H
12
O
6
) and Compound A was identified as Sodium Chloride (NaCl). With the
Conductivity experiment, the first part was to find out the conductivity in Solution state, Substance A conducted electricity and also changed the color of the solution and Substance B did not have any conductivity. With the second part of Conductivity test, tried to check the conductivity in molten state. The Bunsen burner was used to melt the compounds but the end result was No conductivity in both compounds.
Third part was to check the conductivity in Solid state. The end result stayed no conductivity since both compounds did not carry the current from one end to the other. Substance A was identified as Ionic bond since it’s soluble in water, has high density and also has a very high melting point. Substance B was identified as
Covalent bond due to its low melting point.
Conclusion
In Conclusion, I think the results we have received are good as we expected. Even though we would have improved our end results by keeping Substance A until melted, we didn’t since that substance takes a long time to melt. With the
Conductivity experiments, I think the results are perfect because all the materials were there and we got the results as we expected.
Discussion- Part B
From the flame color test, the Compounds were used on Bunsen burner with hydrochloric acid to check the flame color. The flame color changed with Substance
A to Yellow/Orange color but not with Substance B. When solutions are heated on
Bunsen burner flame, they give off characteristic colors. The point of checking the solubility in distilled water to find out the type of bonding each substance contained.
Substance A took a while to dissolve but Substance B dissolved instantly due its low density level. When checking the reaction with hydrochloric acid, both compounds did not have any effects therefore this experiment did not effect with finding the type of bonding.
Conclusion

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In Conclusion, I think we received a result from the flame color and reaction test with hydrochloric acid which something we did not expect. We could have gotten a better view of the bonding if we used an acid which reacts with the two compounds.
But the solubility in water gave us a good look at which bonding contains in each compound.