COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
RESP-312
1435-1436 [2014-2015]
Course specifications
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National Commission for Academic Accreditation &
Assessment
Course Specifications
Institution: ALMMAREFA COLLEGE
College/Department: DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE
A. Course Identification and General Information
1. Course title and code: The Respiratory Block – RESP-312
2. Credit hours:
7 Credit Hours
3. Program(s) in which the course is offered: MBBS
(If general elective available in many programs indicate this rather than list programs)
4. Name of faculty member responsible for the course:
Dr. Abdelaty Shawky (Boys Section)
Dr. Haneeen Mahmoud (Girls Section)
5. Level/year at which this course is offered: Year 3 – Level 5
6. Pre-requisites for this course (if any): ANAT214 – PHSL215 – PATH216 BLOCKS
7. Co-requisites for this course (if any):
8. Location if not on main campus:
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B. Objectives
1. Summary of the main learning outcomes for students enrolled in
the course
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Recall the anatomical structure and histological features of the upper respiratory
tract
Discuss the developmental formation of the upper respiratory tract & related
congenital anomalies
List the types of pathogenic bacteria that cause upper respiratory tract infection.
Recognize medications used to control upper respiratory tract diseases symptoms.
Recall the anatomical the structure, functional anatomy and histological features
of the trachea, bronchial tree, pleura, lungs, respiratory wall, chest muscles &
diaphragm.
Discuss the developmental formation of the trachea, bronchial tree & lungs &
related congenital anomalies
Explain the main physiological & biochemical aspects of breathing & respiration
with focusing on mechanics & control of breathing in addition to concepts of lung
volume, capacities & compliance.
Recognize the various infectious microbes & viruses that can affect the
respiratory system with their impact on pathological features with special focus
on pneumonia & tuberculosis.
Discuss the main pathological aspects concerning different common respiratory
diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs) & lung
tumors.
Recall medications used for COPDs
Discuss the mechanisms of the cellular respiratory chain & its role in generating
cellular energy.
Verify the concepts of pulmonary ventilation & gas exchange & transport system
Apply the physiological & biochemical mechanisms concerning acid-base
balance & respiratory type of its disorders.
2. Briefly describe any plans for developing and improving the course that are being
implemented. (e.g. increased use of IT or web based reference material, changes in
content as a result of new research in the field):
 Continuous updating of the course contents.
 Improving the integration of disciplines of the course.
 Encourage student centeredness strategies for learning.
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C. Course Description:
(Note: General description in the form to be used for the Bulletin or Handbook should be attached)
1- Topics to be Covered
List of Topics
1- Anatomy of Nose and Pharynx
2- Anatomy of Larynx
3- Practical Anatomy of chest wall and Respiratory Muscles
4- Anatomy of the Diaphragm
5- Anatomy of Trachea, Bronchial Tree and Pleura
6- Anatomy of the lung
7- Histology of the Respiratory System
8- Practical Anatomy of Lower Respiratory Tract (Lab.1)
9- Practical Anatomy of Lower Respiratory Tract (Lab.2)
10- Development of respiratory System
11- Practical Histology of Respiratory System (Lab.)
11- Function of the Respiratory System
12- Mechanics of Breathing
13- Physiology Lab.
14- Lung Volume and Capacity
15- Lung Compliance
16- Pulmonary Ventilation and Gas Exchange
17- Gas Transport
18- Control of Breathing
19- Factors Affecting Respiration
20- Respiratory Chain
21- Oxygen Binding Proteins
22- Acid-base Balance-1
23- Acid-base Balance-2
24- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
25- Tuberculosis
26- Organisms causing-pnemonia-1
27- Organisms causing-pnemonia-2
28- Viral Infection of the Respiratory Tract
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No. of
Weeks
Contact
hours
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
1
6
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
5
3
4
5
5
6
6
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
2
5
3
4
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
29- Pathology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
30- Pathology of Bronchial asthma
31- Pathology of COPD
32- Pathology of bronchiectasis
33- Pathology of pneumonia
34- Tumors of Lungs
35- Pathology Lab
36- Drugs Used for Treatment of Cough
37- Pharmacology of Drugs used in Bronchial Asthma
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4
5
3
3
7
7
4
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2- Course components (total contact hours per semester):
Lectures:
34 Hours
Tutorial:
3 Hours
Laboratory:
10 Hours
Practical/Field
work/Internship
Other:
3- Additional private study/learning hours expected for students
per week. (This should be an average: for the semester not a specific requirement in each
week)
Student Directed Learning: 1 Hour / Week
4- Development of Learning Outcomes in Domains of
Learning
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For each of the domains of learning shown below indicate:
A brief summary of the knowledge or skill the course is intended to develop;
A description of the teaching strategies to be used in the course to develop that knowledge or
skill;
The methods of student assessment to be used in the course to evaluate learning outcomes in the
domain concerned.
a. Knowledge:
(i) Description of the knowledge to be acquired:
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Discuss the anatomical structure of nose.
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Define paranasal sinuses.
Describe the anatomical structure of pharynx.
List the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the pharynx with their nerve supply and
actions.
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Describe anatomical structure of larynx.
List the cartilages of the larynx.
Define inlet of the larynx.
List the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the larynx with their nerve supply and
actions.
Verify the difference between the olfactory and nasal mucosa.
Discuss the microscopic structure of larynx
Discuss the formation of the lung buds.
Describe the development of larynx.
Understand the conducting zone and non-conducting zone of respiratory system
Define the respiratory and non-respiratory functions.
Recognize the functions of alveoli, pleura, and pleural cavity
Enlist the pathogenic bacteria that cause upper respiratory tract infection.
Differentiate microbes of upper respiratory tract according to the different
microbiologicalaspects.
Identify the clinical picture of each infectious microbe.
Summarize the major toxic substances produced by these bacteria and their role
in inflammation and disease complications.
Describe the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, drug
interactions & therapeutic uses of drugs used to treat cough &allergic rhinitis.
Discuss the anatomical structure of the trachea with its relations.
Define the term bronchial tree.
Describe bronchopulmonary segments.
Explain pleura.
Define mediastinum.
Discuss the anatomical structure of lungs.
List the relations of right and left lungs.
Recognize the blood and nerve supply of the lungs.
Identify the sternum and ribs with their characteristic features.
Define intercostal space with its contents.
Describe intercostal muscles with their nerve supply and actions.
Enlist the respiratory muscles with their actions.
Explain the Bucket handle and pump handle movements.
Discuss the origin and insertion of diaphragm.
Enlist the openings (with their contents) in the diaphragm.
Give the motor and sensory nerve supply of the diaphragm.
Describe the microscopic structure of trachea and lungs.
Differentiate between the terminal and respiratory bronchioles.
Explain alveolar cells.
Explain the mechanism of formation of trachea, bronchi and lungs.
Differentiate between the periods of lung maturation.
Discuss the congenital anomalies of the respiratory system.
Intra-alveolar, intra pulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure
How lungs expand during inspiration and air comes in and out of lungs
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Respiratory muscles of normal inspiration and forced inspiration and expiration
Air way resistance
Lung Volumes: TV, IRV, ERV and RV
Lung capacities: VC, IC, FRC and TLC
Importance of VC and FEV1 in obstructive and restrictive lung disease
What physiological and pathological factors can affect lung volumes and
capacities
What is Compliance? What factors affect it?
Surfactant and surface tension
Transmural Pressure and factors which keep the alveoli open
Respiratory distress syndrome, factors which can cause collapse of alveoli
Recognize the physiological aspects of the control of breathing.
Being oriented of the factors affecting respiration.
Explain how ventilation is regulated by the CNS
Explain how blood gases and pH influence ventilation
Describe the changes in percent oxyhemoglobin as a function of arterial PO2 and
explain how this relates to oxygen transport
Describe the various conditions that influence the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and
oxygen transport
Identify the infectious microbes of pneumonia according to microscopic features,
cultural characteristics, biotyping, biochemical activities, and serotyping.
Discriminate between granulomatous pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia
and community acquired pneumonia according to etiology and mechanism of
inflammation.
Enlist the clinical specimens that collected for diagnosis of pneumonia.
Discriminate between laboratory methods and their significant diagnostic value
for different types of pneumonia.
Recall the structure, classification and general functions of phospholipids
Recognize lung surfactant and respiratory distress syndrome.
Understand the types and functions of phospholipases.
Understanding the concept of chronic suppurative lung dis.
Recognizing etiopathogenesis of bronchiectasis
Describe the gross and microscopic picture of bronchiectatic lung.
Be aware of the complications of bronchiectasis.
Understand the concept of pneumonia.
Know the types of pneumonitis.
Differentiate between lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
Enlist the infectious microbes that cause tuberculosis.
Differentiate between Mycobacterium species according to microscopic
examination, cultural morphology and biochemical activities.
Identify the clinical picture and clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Understand the definition and mechanism of granulomatous inflammation.
Recognize predisposing factors for T.B.
Being oriented of types and morphological features of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Being aware of the complications of pulmonary T.B
Identify the most common viruses transmitted by respiratory droplets.
Differentiate these viruses according to their structure, clinical picture and
laboratory diagnosis.
Define the antigenic drift and antigenic shift characters of Influenza virus.
Define Latency and know the most common latent viruses.
Understand in brief the structure of respiratory acinus.
Recognize the mechanism of lung tissue destruction in emphysema.
Being oriented of the gross and microscopic picture of emphysematous lung.
Be aware of the complications and outcome of emphysematous patients.
Understanding the main concept of obstructive pulmonary disease.
Recognizing pathological aspect of bronchial asthma as regard its types,
morphological picture and complications.
Being aware of the definition of chronic bronchitis.
Understanding the pathogenesis and the morphologic changes of chronic
bronchitis.
Understanding the concept ofcorpulmonale and its significant.
Explain the first line & alternative drugs used as antihistamincs with special
emphases on bronchodilators, corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs, their
pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics, adverse effects & route of administration.
Enumerate drugs used in various types of COPD.
Recalling in brief classifications of lung tumors.
Discussing the predisposing factors for bronchogenic carcinoma.
Recognizing methods of distant spread of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Understanding the morphological features of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Being oriented of the complications of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Recalling in brief some metastatic tumors to the lung and methods of diagnosis.
Discuss the importance of mechanisms of energy production by cells.
Describe the main concepts of the electron transport chain (respiratory chain) of
the mitochondria.
Discuss the mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation & its role in energy
production in the cells.
Recognize the concepts of uncoupling proteins.
Explain how inspiration and expiration are accomplished
Describe lung volumes and capacities, and explain how pulmonary function tests
relate to pulmonary disorders
Explain how partial gas pressures are calculated, and their significance in
measurements of arterial blood gases
Describe the factors that influence the partial pressure of blood gases and the total
content of oxygen in the blood
Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide is transported by the blood
Explain the relationship between blood levels of carbon dioxide and the blood pH
Recall the structure of oxygen binding proteins.
Recognize the different statesof hemoglobin
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Identify factors affecting binding of hemoglobin to oxygen
Understand concepts of acid-base balance
Recognize laboratory investigations for assessing acid-base status.
Identify types of disturbance of acid-base balance with reference to lab
investigations results.
(ii) Teaching Strategies to be used to develop the knowledge:
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Lectures
Practical laboratory classes
Tutorial classes
Directed Student Learning
(iii) Methods of assessment of knowledge required:
1- MCQs
2- SAQs
3- OSPE
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b. b. Cognitive Skills:
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(i) Description of cognitive skills to be developed:
1- Horizontal integration of information of topics of basic medical sciences
2- Vertical integration of information of basic and clinical sciences.
(ii) Teaching strategies to be used to develop these cognitive skills:
1- Discussions in tutorial classes & office hours
2- Directed student learning
(iii) Methods of assessment of students’ cognitive skills:
1- MCQs
2- OSPE
c. Interpersonal Skills and Responsibility:
(i) Description of the interpersonal skills and capacity to carry responsibility to
be developed:
1- Team work
2- Group discussion
(ii) Teaching strategies to be used to develop these skills and abilities:
Directed student learning
(iii) Methods of assessment of students interpersonal skills and capacity to carry
Responsibility:
d. Communication, Information Technology and Numerical Skills:
(i) Description of the skills to be developed in this domain.
1- Utilizing internet service for obtaining scientific data
2- Exploiting software programmes for writing scientific researches.
(ii) Teaching strategies to be used to develop these skills:
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Conducting seminar sessions to be presented by students (bronchial asthma seminar)
(iii) Methods of assessment of students numerical and communication skills:
1- Discussion of students in tutorial hours.
2- Evaluating of students for seminars.
e. Psychomotor Skills (if applicable)
(i) Description of the psychomotor skills to be developed and the level of performance
required
(ii) Teaching strategies to be used to develop these skills
(iii) Methods of assessment of students psychomotor skills
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5. Schedule of Assessment Tasks for Students During the
Semester
Assessment
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2
3
4
Week
due
Proportion
of Final
Assessment
Exam.1 (MCQs + SAQs)
3
20
Exam.2 (MCQs + SAQs)
7
20
OSPE
8
20
End-Block Examination (MCQs)
8
40
Assessment task
(e.g. essay, test, group project, examination etc.)
D. Student Support
1- Arrangements for availability of teaching staff for individual
student consultations and academic advice. (include amount of
time teaching staff are expected to be available each week)
One Staff Member / 10 Students
Time available for a Staff Member: 6 Hours
E. Learning Resources
1- Required Text(s):
1. Clinical Anatomy By Systems, 1st edition, 2007 (Richard S. Snell).
2. diFiore’s Atlas of Histology with functional correlation, 11th edition, 2008
(Victor P. Eroschenko).
3. Langman’s Medical Embryology, 11th edition, 2010 (T.W. Sadler).
4. Human Physiology, From cells to Systems, 7th edition, 2010 (Lauralee
Sherwood).
5. Lippincott’s illustrated Reviews: Microbiology, 2nd edition (Richards A.
Harvey, Pamela C. Champe, Bruce D. Fisher)
6. Robbins; Pathologic Basis of disease, 9thth edition
7. Lippincott’s illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry, 5th edition, 2011 (Richards A.
Harvey, Denise Ferrier)
8. Lippincott’s illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, 4th edition, 2009 (Richards A.
Harvey, Michelle A. Clark, Richard Finkel, Jose A. Rey, Karen Whalen).
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2. Essential References:
3- Recommended Books and Reference Material (Journals, Reports,
etc) (Attach List)
4-.Electronic Materials, Web Sites etc
5- Other learning material such as computer-based programs/CD,
professional standards/regulations
F. Facilities Required
Indicate requirements for the course including size of classrooms and laboratories (i.e. number of seats
in classrooms and laboratories, extent of computer access etc.)
1. Accommodation (Lecture rooms, laboratories, etc.)
1- Lecture Rooms
2- Seminar rooms
3- Laboratories for Physiology, Histology, Pathology, Microbiology &
Biochemistry
4- Dissection Rooms (for Anatomy)
2. Computing resources:
1- Smart boards
2- IT Labs connected to the internet
G. Course Evaluation and Improvement Processes
1-Strategies for Obtaining Student Feedback on Effectiveness of
Teaching:
1- Evaluation of course & staff members by students is conducted through
Edugate of the College
2-Regular meeting of students with the Head of Department
2 -Other Strategies for Evaluation of Teaching by the Instructor or by
the Department:
- Feedback from staff members
3 Processes for Improvement of Teaching:
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Making lectures more interactive
Better utilizing of IT skills & facilities
Increasing time allocated for tutorials
Adopting PBL & CBD strategies.
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4. Processes for Verifying Standards of Student Achievement (e.g.
check marking by an independent member teaching staff of a sample
of student work, periodic exchange and remarking of tests or a sample
of assignments with staff at another institution)
5. Describe the planning arrangements for periodically reviewing
course effectiveness and planning for improvement.
Discussing issues related to the course in the meetings of the department
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