Notes for Chapter 22 Solutions
Name ________________________________
Section 1
A _______________ is a mixture that has the same _________________________, ____________________,
____________________, and even taste throughout. A solution is a completely ___________________
mixture, the ____________________ or ____________________ spread out ____________________.
Solutions have two parts the _______________ and the __________. The __________ is the part the found in
the _______________ amount. It is the part that does the _______________. The __________ is the part
that is found in the smaller amount. The __________ is the part that gets dissolved. The most common
solvent is __________ . Water is called the _______________ solvent.
Solutions are not always made from liquids. Any state of mater can be the solvent or the salute.
Solvent
Gas
Gas
Gas
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Solid
Solute
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Solid
example
smog
Tap water
Alloy if metals
Solids are dissolved in liquids by the following process: the __________ molecules at the edge of the
__________ grab a solid molecule, several molecules then _______________ the solute molecule and pull it
away from the other molecules it is around. Gases dissolved in liquids _____________ until the molecules are
distributed _____________. To dissolve a solid in a solid you must first heat the two up until they become
__________ and then they can mix. Once mixed and cooled you have an __________.
dissolving of salt
There are three things that can speed up the rate of dissolving.
1. _______________ - this allows more of the solvent molecules to come in contact with __________
molecules at the same time.
2. _______________________________ - the dissolving process only takes place where solvent and solute
molecules actually come in contact. By increasing the surface are, usually by ______________ or
_____________ the solute, you increase the number of solute molecules that can come in contact with the
solvent molecules.
3. ______________________________ - increasing the temperature of the solvent increases the
_______________ between the solute and solvent molecules thus speeding up the rate of dissolving.
Section 2
_______________ is the maximum amount of a _______________ that can be dissolved in a given amount of
a _________________ at a given temperature.
To compare the solubility of two different _____________ you have to keep the solvents the ___________
and the temperature of the solvents the ___________. The ______________ that dissolves the most is the
more ______________ of the two substances.
Exact concentration of a solution is calculated as percent by volume. This is amount of _______________
divided by the amount of _________________. This gives you the percent concentration.
There are three types of solutions:
1. _________________________________ this is a solution does not contain all the _______________ that it
could hold at a given _________________.
On the solubility graph below _________________ solutions are represented by the area _______________
the curve (line) for a specific compound.
2. _________________________________ this is a solution that _________________ all the solute that it can
hold at a given temperature, the solution is maxed out.
On the solubility graph below saturated solutions are represented by points _______________ on the line for
a specific compound. It must be on the line.
3. _________________________________ this solution contains more _______________ than it could
normally hold at a given ___________________________.
On the solubility graph below __________________________ solutions are represented by the area
_______________ the curve (line) for a specific compound.
Which substance is the least soluble of the four? _______________________________
40g of KBr (potassium bromide) is dissolved in 100g of water at 60°C. Is the solution unsaturated, saturated or
supersaturated?
How many grams of KNO3 (potassium nitrate) are needed to create a saturated solution at 20°C? ___________
Which substance is the most soluble at 0°C? ___________________________________
If 20g of NaCl (sodium chloride) is dissolved in 100g of water at 80°C how much more NaCl must be added to
create a saturated solution? _________________________________________________________________
At 100°C how many grams of NaClO3 (sodium chlorate) are needed to create a saturated solution? _________
100g of KBr (potassium bromide) is added to 100g of water. What temperature is needed for this to be a
saturated solution? ________________________________
As you see on the graph above most _______________ increase their ________________ as the temperature
increases. It is the opposite for gases. Gases are more soluble at ______________ temperatures. Also
increasing the _______________ above the solution also ________________ the solubility of the gas.
Sections 3
__________________ is the _________________ of new ions from a molecule.
__________________ is the _________________ of ions that already exist in ionic substances.
When ions are produced in a solution an ___________________ solution is produced. These solutions will
_______________ an electrical current. Those substances that don’t produce ions are
__________________________. These solutions do not conduct _____________________.
Adding a ________________ to a solvent effects the way the solvent reacts to temperature. Adding a solute
can _______________ the freezing point of a solvent. This is how salt keeps roads from becoming icy. The
more ______________ particles the more effect there is to the solvent. The effects of the solute also extends
to the ______________ point of the solvent also. The addition of solute molecules can _______________ the
boiling point. Causing the solvent to boil at a higher temperature.
Section 4
Some substances ___________________________ dissolve in water. Water is a _________________
substance, it has areas of positive and negative charge, only polar substances will dissolve in water. Non polar
substances dissolve in other _________________________ substances. The basic rule of solubility is
________________ dissolves __________________
__________________ dissolves __________________
__________________ dissolves __________________