CLINICAL TERMS
DISORDER
botulism
DESCRIPTION
illness acquired by ingesting improperly cooked or canned food
containing Clostridium botulinum
fibromyalgia
widespread muscle and joint pain of unknown origin
hernia
abnormal protrusion of an organ as a result of pressure; also called a
rupture
muscular dystrophies hereditary diseases marked by muscle cell degeneration
myopathy
any disease of the muscles that is inherited or acquired
polymyositis
autoimmune disease characterized by muscle inflammation and
atrophy
rhabdomyoma
nonmalignant tumor of skeletal muscle
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of skeletal muscle
rotator cuff injury
injury to the four muscles of the shoulder and their associated tendons
severed tendon
lacerated tendon
shin splints
a painful inflammation of the muscles surrounding the tibia as a result
of running or jogging on hard surfaces
sprain
injury to the ligaments of a joint caused by excessive forces on the
joint
strain
injury from overexertion or trauma that involves the stretching or
tearing of muscle fibers
tendinitis
tendon inflammation
Clinical Term Practice: Disorders
1. A malignant tumor of skeletal muscle is termed a ___________ and is derived from the
word part _________ meaning “rod shaped.”
2. Another term for a lacerated tendon is _________________.
3. ____________ describes widespread muscle and joint pain of unknown origin.
4. _________________ is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle inflammation and
atrophy.
5. A _________ is an abnormal organ protrusion.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
DESCRIPTION
atrophy
decrease in muscle size
fibromyositis
muscle and tendon inflammation
fibrosis
abnormal formation of fibrous tissue
fibrositis
inflammation of fibrous tissue causing pain and stiffness
myalgia
muscle pain
myositis
muscle inflammation
Clinical Term Practice: Signs and Symptoms
1. The medical term for muscle pain is _______, and is derived from the word part ___ for
“muscle” and the word part _____ for “pain.”
2. ____________ is the medical term for muscle inflammation and is derived from the word
part _____, for “muscle” and the word part _____ for “inflammation.”
3. Muscle and tendon inflammation is termed _______________.
4. __________ is abnormal formation of fibrous tissue.
5. A decrease in muscle size is called ____________.
CLINICAL TESTS AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
alanine aminotransferase test
DESCRIPTION
blood enzyme test to evaluate muscle tissue
damage
aspartate aminotransferase test
blood enzyme test to detect muscle tissue
damage or muscular dystrophy
corticosteroids
synthetic drugs similar to the hormones
produced by the adrenal gland that are used
to reduce inflammation
creatine phosphokinase test (CPK test or CK test)
blood enzyme test to detect muscle
tissue damage
electromyogram (EMG)
record produced by electromyography
electromyography (EMG)
procedure using electrodes attached to the
skin or inserted into the muscle to record
the electrical activity of muscle tissue
muscle biopsy
muscle tissue sample taken for evaluation
myoglobin urine test
urine test to detect muscle tissue damage
Clinical Term Practice: Clinical Tests and Diagnostic Procedures
1. ____________ are synthetic drugs similar to the hormones produced by the adrenal gland
that are used to reduce inflammation.
2. Identify 3 blood enzyme tests used to evaluate muscle tissue damage.
3. Name the urine test used to detect muscle tissue damage.
4. An ____________ is the record produced by electromyography.
5. A muscle tissue sample taken for evaluation is termed a ______________.
TREATMENTS
DESCRIPTION
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
medicines that act against tissue
inflammation and pain
tenoplasty
surgical repair of a tendon
Clinical Term Practice: Treatments
1. ____________ are medicines that act against tissue inflammation and pain.
2. The surgical repair of a tendon is known as a _________________.
Answers:
Clinical Term Practice: Disorders
1. rhabdomyoma; rhabd-, rhabdo2. severed tendon
3. Fibromyalgia
4. Polymyositis
5. hernia
Clinical Term Practice: Signs and Symptoms
1. myalgia; my-; -algia
2. Myositis; my-; -itis
3. fibromyositis
4. Fibrosis
5. atrophy
Clinical Term Practice: Clinical Tests and Diagnostic Procedures
1. Corticosteroids
2. alanine aminotransferase test, aspartate aminotransfeerase test, and creatine phosphokinase
test (CPK test or CK test)
3. myoglobin urine test
4. electromyogram (EMG)
5. muscle biopsy
Clinical Term Practice: Treatments
1. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
2. tenoplasty