NAME_______________________________________________ DATE__________________ PERIOD________
ROCKS TEST STUDY GUIDE
1.
Date of test Monday, October 26th, 2015.
2. Study guide due on Friday, October 23rd, 2025.
1. List ways humans have
used rocks in the past.
2. List 3 ways magma
can form.
To make buildings, monuments, roads, and tools
3. What has to increase
in order for
metamorphism to
occur?
4. Define “weathering”.
The temperature or pressure
5. Texture of an igneous
rock when magma
cools quickly.
6. Describe the three
types (categories) of
sedimentary rock.
Give an example of
each.
Fine grained or no grain
a. When rock is heated
b. Pressure is released
c. When rock changes composition
The process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down
rocks.
a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock, bits and pieces of rock
cemented together
Ex. Conglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale
b. Chemical Sedimentary Rock, dissolved minerals
Ex. Halite
c. Organic Sedimentary Rock, remains of plants and
animals
Ex. Limestone
7. What can happen to
minerals in rocks when
temperature &
pressure change?
8. What type of rock
forms when magma
cools?
Metamorphism- old minerals change into new minerals that are
more stable.
Igneous Rock
9. What type of igneous
rock forms when magma
cools below Earth’s
surface?
10. What is the difference
between foliated and nonfoliated texture? What
type of rock has this
texture?
11. Rocks are classified by
these two things…
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Foliated texture in which the mineral grains are arranged
in planes or bands and Non-foliated texture in which the
mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands. Foliated
and Non-foliated rocks are Metamorphic Rocks
a. Composition – minerals that make up the rock
b. Texture – grain size
12. The process in which
rocks change shape is
called…
13. Describe “felsic” igneous
rocks.
14. Give an example of a
chemical sedimentary
rock.
15. Type of metamorphism in
which rock is heated by
nearby magma.
16. Define “rock”.
Deformation
Light-colored less dense rocks that are less dense and rich
in elements such as aluminum, potassium, silicon, and
sodium
Ex. Granite, Rhyolite
Halite (Rock Salt)
Contact Metamorphism
A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals
or organic matter.
17. The process in which
sediment is dropped &
comes to rest is called…
18. Describe the “rock cycle”.
Deposition
19. The quality of a rock
based on the size, shape &
arrangement of mineral
grains.
Texture
Rocks going through changes where they become a brand
new rock. Never ends, all three types of rock (igneous,
sedimentary, & metamorphic) can change into each other
20. Process by which sediment is removed
from its source.
Erosion
21. Chemical makeup of a rock.
Composition (types of minerals in the rock).
22. Type of igneous rock that cools at the
surface of the Earth.
Extrusive Igneous Rock
23. How does igneous rock form?
Form when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools
and solidifies.
24. How does clastic sedimentary rock
form?
Made of fragments of rocks cemented
together by mineral such as calcite or quartz.
25. Which two processes can expose buried
rock over a period of time?
a. Uplift
b. Erosion
26. What process forms sediment?
Through the process of erosion and
weathering
27. Type of rock in which the composition
& texture of the rock have been
changed by heat and pressure is called…
Metamorphic Rock
Answer these extended response questions on a separate sheet of paper!
28. Explain how metamorphic rocks form. Compare & contrast foliated and non-foliated
metamorphic rocks. Give an example of each.
Metamorphic rocks form deep underground in Earth’s crust from intense heat and
pressure. They can form in two different ways, contact metamorphism happens when
magma pushes up and heats or burns surrounding rock. The intense heat melts the
minerals and non-foliated metamorphic rocks like marble form. The other way
metamorphic rocks form is from regional metamorphism. Large sections of Earth’s crust
squeeze and push against each other. The surrounding rocks are put under such intense
pressure the minerals are pressed into bands or planes called foliated rocks like Gneiss.
These are the effects of heat and pressure on metamorphic rocks.
29. Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Give an example of each.
Igneous rocks form from magma or lava cooling and solidifying. An intrusive igneous rock
cools inside Earth’s crust. Because of the intense heat, these rocks cool very slowly. The
mineral crystals have a long time to form and they are usually coarse grained rocks like Granite.
An extrusive igneous rock comes from lava cooling after it has erupted from a volcano on
Earth’s surface. It cools much more quickly when it comes in contact with air or water. The
crystals are very small or can’t be seen at all. Obsidian and pumice are both extrusive igneous
rocks. This is how Igneous rocks are formed.
30. Compare and contrast clastic, organic and chemical sedimentary rocks. Give an example
of each.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment being deposited in layers. Each layer
compacts and cements the other layers underneath. Clastic sedimentary rocks are bits and
pieces of rock stuck together. They can be coarse grained like conglomerate or fine grained
like shale. Organic sedimentary rocks are formed from the remains of once living plants and
animals. These rocks usually contain fossils like limestone or they can be pressed into rocks like
coal. Chemical sedimentary rocks form out of dissolved mineral solutions like Halite. Many
times you will find these rocks in underground caves where water drips. Most sedimentary
rocks (no matter which category they are in) form close to Earth’s surface. They don’t go
through intense heat or pressure like Igneous or Metamorphic rocks do.