REGENTS Human Body PRACTICE Exam
Name: ______________________________________Class:________________Date:_______________
1. The diagram below represents stages in the digestion of an organic compound.
Explain why substance X would not be likely to digest a different organic compound.
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2. The diagram below represents a model of a biological process that occurs in humans at normal body
temperature, 37°C.
Increasing body temperature to 40°C would interfere most directly with the rate of function of
structure:
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
3. Which statement best describes enzymes?
a. Every enzyme controls many different reactions.
b. The rate of activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes.
c. Temperature changes do not affect enzymes.
d. Enzymes are produced from the building blocks of carbohydrates.
4. Which structures are listed in order from the least complex to the most complex?
a. plant cell, leaf, chloroplast, rose bush
b. chloroplast, plant cell, leaf, rose bush
b. chloroplast, leaf, plant cell, rose bush
c. rose bush, leaf, plant cell, chloroplast
5. In a multicellular organism, organs carry out a variety of life functions. In a single-celled organism,
these functions are performed by
a. tissues
b. organ systems
c. organelles
d. organs
6. The cytoplasm in a cell carries out a function similar to a function of which human system?
a. respiratory system
c. circulatory system
b. reproductive system
d.nervous system
7. If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?
a. It would stimulate cell division.
b. The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins.
c. Development of abnormal hereditary features would occur in the cell.
d. Increased protein absorption would occur through the cell membrane.
8. The diagram below represents a process that occurs in a structure of a specialized cell.
Which row in the chart correctly identifies the letters in the diagram?
9. In the cell shown below, which lettered structure is responsible for the excretion of most cellular
wastes? a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
10. Three days after an organism eats some meat, many of the organic molecules originally contained in
the meat would be found in newly formed molecules of
a. glucose
b. starch
c. protein
d. oxygen
11. Which substance is an inorganic molecule?
a. starch
b. water
c.DNA
d. fat
12. Nutrients in a diet, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, play an important role in
homeostasis within the human body. Lack of these nutrients can lead to malfunctions that disrupt this
internal balance. Explain how diet can influence homeostasis.
In your answer, be sure to:
• select a nutrient from the passage and write it on the line below and state one role this
nutrient plays in the body
• describe, using one specific example, how a decrease in this nutrient can alter homeostasis
Nutrient: ________________________________
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13. Which system is correctly paired with its function?
a. immune system—intake and distribution of oxygen to cells of the body
b. excretory system—remove potentially dangerous materials from the body
c. digestive system—transport energy-rich molecules to cells
d. circulatory system—produce building blocks of complex compounds
14. Which organ system in humans is most directly involved in the transport of oxygen?
a. Digestive
b. excretory
c. nervous
d.circulatory
15. The diagram below represents a process that occurs in organisms.
Which row in the chart indicates what A and B in the boxes could represent?
16. A change in pulse rate is related to other changes in the body. Write the name of one organ that is
affected when a person runs a mile and describe one change that occurs in this organ.
Organ: _____________________________
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Use the diagram below to answer questions
17. Failure of structure A to function properly would most directly disrupt
a. autotrophic nutrition
c. chromosome (DNA) replication
b. cellular communication
d. biological evolution
18. Structure B represents
a. cells, only
b. an organ with cells and tissues
c. cells and tissues, only
d. a complete system with organs, tissues, and cells
19. Which diagram best illustrates the relationship between the number of cells, tissues, and organs in a
complex multicellular organism?
A
B
C
D
20. A single cell and a multicellular organism are represented below
Which structures are correctly paired
with their primary function?
a.
A and G—transmission of
nerve impulses
b. B and E—photosynthesis
c. C and H—digestion of food
d. D and F—gas exchange
21. The diagram below shows a concept map.
Which label correctly identifies what X represents in the concept map?
a.
Nucleus
b. autotrophic cell
c. chromosome
d. heterotrophic cell
22. The diagram below represents a cell found in some complex organisms. The enlarged section
represents an organelle, labeled X, found in this cell.
Describe the function of organelle X and explain how it is important to the survival of the cell. In your
answer, be sure to:
• identify organelle X
• state the process that this organelle performs
• identify the two raw materials that are needed for this process to occur
• identify one molecule produced by this organelle
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— A different organic compound would have a different shape.
— A different organic compound would not fit with substance X.
— The active site of X does not fit a different substrate.
— Substance X is specific to only certain materials.
— Carbohydrates are a source of energy.
— They can be used to produce the ATP needed for carrying out body activities.
—Decreased levels of carbohydrates might result in fatigue/less energy.
— Proteins are necessary for growth and repair.
— Lack of protein in the diet might lead to muscle loss/enzyme deficiency.
— Minerals are needed for strong bones and teeth.
— Lack of minerals might cause loss of bone density
organelle X as a mitochondrion.
•— respiration — aerobic respiration — releases energy Note: Allow credit for an answer that is consistent with
the student’s response to the first bullet. • Allow 1 credit for identifying the two raw materials needed for this
process to occur. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: — sugar/glucose — oxygen (O2) Note:
Allow credit for an answer that is consistent with the student’s response to the first bullet. • Allow a maximum
of 2 credits, 1 credit for identifying one molecule produced by this organelle and 1 credit for explaining why it is
important to the organism. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: — ATP – This molecule makes
energy available for life functions. — Water – This molecule is important for chemical reactions. — CO2 – This is
a waste product that needs to be removed to maintain homeostasis. Note: Allow credit for an answer that is
consistent with the student’s response to the first bullet.