BioHnrs
Test Topics: Protein Synthesis, Gene Mutations, & Regulating Gene Expression
(textbook sections: 10.6-10.16 & 11.1-11.12)

Define the term genome, gene, and genetic code.

State and explain the central dogma of molecular biology:
DNA RNA Protein.

State the importance of mRNA and transcription to the synthesis of a protein.

Describe the process of transcription
o RNA polymerase
o Promoter
o Initiation
o Elongation
o termination)

Explain why many eukaryotic genes are longer than the mRNA that leaves the nucleus.

Give the role of rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA in protein synthesis.

Transcribe DNA sequences into mRNA.

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

Explain the terms DNA triplet, codon, and anticodon.

Describe the process of translation (initiation, elongation, termination)

Translate mRNA sequences.

Define the term mutation.

Identify and describe the types of mutations that can affect genes.

Evaluate the impact of a gene mutation on a polypeptide.

Explain how a gene mutation can cause disease.

Define the term gene expression.

Explain how the lac operon is turned on and off.

Contrast the lac and trp operons.

Evaluate why a cell would not produce a protein all the time.

Describe eukaryotic mechanisms that regulate gene expression (DNA packing, x-chromosome

inactivation, and protein complexes that control transcription).

Describe how gene expression directs the development of an animal and identify the role of a
homeotic gene.

State how DNA microarrays test for the transcription of genes.

Describe epigenetics and how it is helping us to understand disease.