Bio101
Midterm III Study Guide
11/17/12
A note about the course and how to study.
For the tests in my courses focus on being able to complete tasks/activities and solve problems. You
will need to do some memorization however, more important is being able to apply that knowledge.
You should therefore practice any activities you have done as homework or in class. You are very
likely to be asked to do these tasks again. Strict memorization of vocabulary will not allow you to
succeed in this course.
This study guide is composed of two parts. The first part is composed of course objectives. Course
objectives are things that you should be able to do as a consequence of taking this course. The second
part consists of questions related to each of the chapters that you have read.
Part I: Course Objectives (midterm 3)
The course objectives are composed of three parts. 1 (bold) describes the learning objective, what
you should be able to do. The second part provides a sample question illustrating the type of
question/activity which would demonstrate that you have met that objective. The third part (italics)
lists the relevant chapter or chapters in your text.
34. Show the products of mitosis and meiosis - draw daughter cells resulting from meiosis and
mitosis for cells with 2n=4, 6, or 8. Make sure that you have both the proper number and proper
potential chromosomes in each cell.chapter 8
35. Identify the cells that go through meiosis and mitosis - Given a list of cells identify which cells
go through meiosis. chapter 8
36. Differentiate genotype and phenotype. - Given the type of inheritance of a trait, and the genotype,
give the phenotype. Given the phenotype, and the mode of inheritance, give the possible
genotypes. Chapter 9
37. Link meiosis and genetics by showing the results of meiosis and mitosis on genotype. - Show the
daughter cells formed through meiosis where a dominant and recessive gene are clearly identified.
Show all possible genotypes using a punnet square. Full credit requires all possible combinations
of alleles with the correct probabilities. chapter 8 & 9
38. Link molecular genetics to Mendalian genetics by predicting the presence and effect of alleles
resulting in dominant, recessive and incomplete dominant traits. - Predict whether a gene is
recessive or dominant based upon how it is expressed. If you have the effect of each allele you
should be able to predict whether the genes are expressed. give an example of a recessive allele,
dominant allele, and mixed dominance allele. chapter 9
o What does it mean if I say that parkinsons is a recessive trait? what genotypes would carry
the phenotype? be able to do this with any recessive trait.
o What does it mean if I say that parkinsons is a dominant trait? what genotypes would carry
the phenotype? be able to do this with any dominant trait.
o What does it mean if I say that parkinsons is a incomplete dominance trait? what genotypes
would carry the phenotype? be able to do this with any incomplete dominance trait.
o Given the genotypes TT, Tt, and Tt what would the phenotypes be if the trait was 1)
dominant, 2) recessive, 3) incomplete dominance? You should be able to do this regardless
of the name of the trait.
o Given the genotype of the parents, predict the probability of occurance for their progeny
Bio101
Midterm III Study Guide
11/17/12
39. Differentiate between heterozygous and homozygous - given the geneotypes, determine if the
individual is heterozygous or homozygous. Then use that information combined with the type of
trait (dominant, recessive, incomplete dominant) to determine the phenotype. chapter 9
40. Determine whether a human karyotype indicates a genetic disorder by looking at the number of
chromosomes chapter 8
41. Explain why a change in DNA can result in a change in traits. - given a strand of mRNA that
codes for a trait, what possible effects could a point mutation have on the expressed trait? Chapter
10
42. Identify and create the three types and four effects of mutations. - given a strand of mRNA and a
mutated strand of mRNA, identify the type of mutation that occurred.Chapter 10
43. Predict the amino acid sequence from a strand of mRNA, given the codon table. - - given a
strand of mRNA and a codon table, show the resulting protein sequence. Remember to correctly
identify the start and stop codons.Chapter 10
44. Use a string of mRNA to show the effect of different mutation types on the resulting amino
acid sequence. - given a strand of mRNA, draw out a new strand of mRNA illustrating each of the
mutation types and their effects.Chapter 10
45. What is the ultimate source of variation in organisms?
Part II: Chapter questions (8,9,10, 11)
Chapter 8. Mitosis and Meiosis
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What are the results of meiosis and mitosis (ie possible chromosomes, number of daughter cells)?
Which cells undergo cellular fission, mitosis and meiosis?
What is a karyotype and how would you use a karyotype to detect a chromosomal disorder?
I will not focus on the steps of mitosis and meiosis, but instead on the end results.
We will discuss this chapter more when we discuss sources of variation. (crossing over, jumping
genes)
Chapter 9. Mendelian genetics
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How are traits inherited from ones parents (connect meiosis with fertilization)?
What are dominant, recessive, and incomplete dominant traits?
Know and be able to apply some basic terminology (homologous chromosomes, homozygous,
heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, etc)
Determine the probability of all phenotypes given the genotypes of parents.
Chapter 10. Molecular genetics: making proteins
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What are the components of DNA and RNA?
What are the different types of RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)?
How does DNA code for proteins? (process of transcription and translation)
o What is a codon?
o How does the code for a protein move from DNA to the final protein?
o What is the role of ribosomes?
Bio101
Midterm III Study Guide
11/17/12
o
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Read a codon table (note do not memorize the codon table) (note: part of variation section.
May not be included in this midterm)
How would a mutation affect a protein? (note: part of variation section. May not be included in this
midterm)
What are the different types of proteins? (note: part of variation section. May not be included in this
midterm)
Chapter 11. Molecular genetics: genetic control
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What is the role of an activator in transcription?
How does a cell respond to an environmental stimulus (signal transduction)?
What is the consequence of a malfunctioning signal transduction pathway?
We will discuss clones and molecular engineering later, so keep this in mind as you study this chapter.