“God has not given us a spirit of timidity, but of power, love, and self-discipline.”
--2 Timothy 1:7
Be confident in yourself. Good-luck!
Love,
Coach Dixon and Ms. Wanders
7th Grade Earth Science
Ms. Wanders & Ms. Dixon
Fall 2009
Semester Examination
Thursday, December 17, 2009
9:15 to 10:45 A.M.
Remember, you may NOT turn in this exam before the last 15 minutes of the exam period.
After completing this exam and thoroughly checking over all sections and all of your answers,
please write out the Honor Pledge in FULL and sign it below.
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Name_________________________________
Class____________ Date___________
EXAM EARTH SCIENCE
FALL 2009
I.
Multiple Choice - In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes each
statement. Then transfer your answers onto Scantron by bubbling in the corresponding answers. Constantly check to make sure
that you are filling in the solutions to the correct problem. (1 pt each)
_____1. _____ is the area of science that studies the changing Earth’s surface and space.
a. Earth science
b. Biology
c. Chemistry
d. Physics
_____2 Which of the following is NOT a compound?
a. water
b. salt
d. halite
c. salt water
_____3. The process of studying the world in order to gain knowledge is known as _____.
a. science
b. Biology
c. Chemistry
d. Physics
_____4. The lithosphere is composed of the _______________________.
a. core and the mantle
c. core and the asthenosphere
b. rigid upper mantle and the crust
d. mantle and the upper mantle
_____5. The SI unit for mass is a _____.
a. meter
b. newton
c. cubic meter
d. gram
_____6. Drawing conclusions occur _____ analyzing results in the scientific method.
a. before
b. with
c. after
d. instead of
_____7. _____ is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.
a. Area
b. Volume
c. Mass
d. Weight
_____8. _____ is the measure of how much space an object occupies.
a. Area
b. Volume
c. Mass
d. Weight
_____9. The first step scientists use when solving problems is to _____.
a. state the hypothesis
b. draw conclusions
c. identify the problem
d. develop a thesis sentence
____10. The SI unit for volume is _____.
a. meter
b. newton
c. liter
d. gram
____11. _____ is a measure of the gravitational force on an object with mass.
a. Area
b. Volume
c. Mass
d. Weight
____12. The basic unit that all matter is made up of is a(n) _____.
a. electron
b. molecule
c. atom
d. space
____13. In an atom, the mass number is equal to _____,
a. protons
b. protons plus electrons
c. neutrons
d. protons plus neutrons
____14. Uranium-234 and Uranium-238 are _____ of Uranium.
a. ions
b. variables
c. isotopes
d. molecules
____15. _____ is anything that takes up space and has mass.
a. A compound
b. An element
c. Matter
d. Plasma
____16. On Earth, water is naturally found in all of these states except _____.
a. gas
b. liquid
c. solid
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d. plasma
____17. Positively charged particles within an atom’s nucleus are _____.
a. electrons
b. protons
c. neutrons
d. elements
____18. Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of _____ in them.
a. electrons
b. protons
c. neutrons
d. elements
____19. Atoms of carbon-14 have _____ more proton(s) in their nuclei that do atoms of carbon-12.
a. three
b. two
c. one
d. no
____20. All minerals share the following characteristics except that of _____.
a.
being formed by natural processes
b.
being formed by living organisms
c.
being solids
d.
having the atoms within the mineral arranged in a pattern
____21. Bauxite is an important resource because _____.
a. it is rare and valuable
b. it can be used as jewelry
c. it is profitable and useful
d. it is solid and natural
____22. A collector of minerals would want a sample of _____.
a. salt
b. sugar
c. coal
d. wood
____23. The most common group of minerals are the _____.
a. granites
b. halides
c. silicates
d. oxides
____24. Of the following, the softest mineral is _____.
a. quartz
b. diamond
c. fluorite
d. calcite
____25. The hardness of quartz is 7. This indicates that quartz will scratch all of the following minerals except
a. talc
b. apatite
c. topaz
d. calcite
____26. Muscovite mica will peel off in flat sheets. This is an example of the physical characteristic called ____.
a. hardness
b. streak
c. fracture
d. cleavage
____27. In studying properties of minerals, we learned that
a. pyrite has a gold streak
b. quartz has perfect cleavage
c. feldspar has a hardness of 4
d. hematite has a reddish-brown streak
____28. The properties of being _____ make an emerald a gemstone.
a. rare and beautiful
b. useful and profitable
c. easy to obtain and beautiful
d. rare and profitable
____29. Which of the following can be used to describe luster?
a. metallic
b. dull
c. silky
d. all of the above
____30. All of the following are used as part of the hardness scale to test minerals except _____.
a. piece of granite
b. glass plate
c. iron nail
d. fingernail
____31. Molten lava cools quickly at the surface to form _____ rock.
a. extrusive metamorphic
b. intrusive igneous
c. intrusive metamorphic
d. extrusive igneous
____32. Foliated rocks are types of _____ rocks.
a. igneous
b. metamorphic
c. sedimentary
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d. fossilized
____33. Quartz is a mineral; bauxite is _____.
a. also a mineral
b. a mineraloid
c. a gem
d. an ore
____34. A classification of sedimentary rocks would include whether they are _____.
a. chemical or organic
b. intrusive or extrusive
c. foliated or nonfoliated
d. basaltic or granitic
____35. Metamorphic rocks are _____ .
a. formed below Earth’s surface as magma
b. a type of foliated igneous rock
c. formed by great heat and pressure
d. made up of seashells
____36. The rock cycle indicates that ____ .
a. magma always forms metamorphic rock
b. Earth is constantly changing
c. sediments only come from sedimentary rock
d. all of the above
____37. The crystals that form in quickly cooling lava are usually ____ .
a. rough
b. invisible
c. colorful
d. large
____38. The minerals mica, hornblende, feldspar, and quartz mix together to form the rock _____.
a. slate
b. scoria
c. basalt
d. granite
____39. The _____ shows how one rock changes into another.
a. rock cycle
b. melting process
c. formation of crystals d. none of the above
____40. Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediment by _____.
a. compaction
b. weathering
c. cementation
d. melting
____41. Granitic igneous rocks are all of the following except _____ .
a.
light-colored
b.
lower in density than basaltic rocks
c.
high in silicon and oxygen content
d.
high in iron content
____42. Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of living organisms are _____ .
a. chemical
b. clastic
c. organic
____43. The half-life of carbon-14 is ______ years.
a. 5 307
b. 5 370
c. 5 703
d. 5 730
____44. The youngest material of the ocean floor is found at mid-ocean _____ .
a. plains
b. basins
c. trenches
____45. The _____ is the variable being measured in an experiment.
a. independent
b. constant
d. none of the above
c. dependent
d. ridges
d. control
____46. The idea that continents have moved horizontally to their current locations is called _____ .
a. continental drift
b. continental slope
c. magnetism
d. convection
____47. The theory of _________ states that the plates are moving due to convection currents.
a. continental drift
b. seafloor spreading
c. plate tectonics
d. evolution
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____48. A(n) _____ forms when substances combine but retain their own properties.
a. element
b. mixture
c. compound
d. stew
____49. A lack of explanation for continental drift prevented many scientists from believing a single
supercontinent called _____ existed.
a. Glomar
b. Glossopteris
c. Pangaea
d. Wegener
____50. In a scientific experiment, the _____ is the proposed answer to the problem that is being tested.
a. hypothesis
b. control
c. variable
d. constant
____51. In a scientific experiment, the _____ is the changeable factor that is being tested.
a. hypothesis
b. control
c. variable
d. constant
____52. Matching _____ on different continents gives evidence for continental drift.
a. river systems
b. rock structures
c. weather patterns
d. wind systems
____53. In a scientific experiment, the _____ is the standard for comparison.
a. hypothesis
b. control
c. variable
d. constant
____54. All of the following except _____ would have a good chance of being preserved as a fossil.
a. jelly fish
b. shark teeth
c. animal bones
d. shells
____55. When a species becomes _____, there are no longer any living members of its kind.
a. extinct
b. dominant
c. specialized
d. isolated
____56. If 87.5% of daughter material is present after radioactive decay, how many half-lives did this isotope have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
____57. Determining the age of a rock layer in relation to other rock layers is called _____.
a. absolute dating
b. relative dating
c. radiometric dating
d. radiocarbon dating
____58. Gaps in the rock layers are called _____ .
a. unconformities
b. isotopes
c. cavities
d. none of the above
____59. A limestone bed containing fossils that are 550 million years old is _____ a bed of sandstone containing
fossils that are 400 million years old.
a. younger than
b. the same age as
c. not related to
d. older than
____60. _____ dating involves half-lives and can tell in which geologic period a rock was formed, while relative
dating compares layers of rock to each other.
a. Comparative
b. Absolute
c. Approximate
d. Rock
____61. An alpha particle contains
a. two protons & two neutrons b. one proton & one neutron
____62. The boiling point of water in Fahrenheit is _____.
a. 100o
b. 200o
c. three electrons d. nothing but the best
c. 212o
d. 459o
____63. The principle of _____ states that younger rock layers are found on top of older rock layers.
a. Seafloor Spreading b. Uniformitarianism
c. Superposition
d. Plate Tectonics
____64. A crystal does not have this property: ____ .
a. solid
b. organic
c. definite composition
d. crystalline structure
____65. Built up compression forces to the breaking point will result in the development of a _____.
a. normal fault
b. reverse fault
c. strike-slip fault
d. not my fault
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____66. An igneous intrusion that cuts through the surrounding rock vertically is known as a _____.
a. sill
b. batholith
c. laccolith
d. dike
____67. Fossil evidence for continental drift includes all of the following except _____ .
a. Mesosaurus
b. Pangaea
c. Glossopteris
____68. Hawaii is an example of:
a. ocean-ocean convergent boundary
b. subduction zone c. hot spot
d. Labyrinthodont
d. ocean-ocean divergent boundary
____69. When looking at extremely ancient rocks, Potassium-40 is a more useful isotope when determining the age of
Organisms than Carbon-14 because _____.
a.
Potassium-40 has a shorter half-life
b.
Potassium-40 has a longer half-life
c.
Potassium-40 decays quickly
d.
Carbon-14 is a stable isotope
____70. The outer core of the Earth is composed of
a. liquid iron and nickel b. solid iron and nickel
c. liquid silicon and oxygen
____71. _____ evidence leads to the Theory of Continental Drift
a. Rock
b. Climate
c. Fossil
d. solid silicon and oxygen
d. all of the above
____72. The most common state of matter in the universe is _____.
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
____73. Volcanoes form when magma flows out of a surface opening called a _____.
a. dike
b. vent
c. lava
d. magma chamber
____74. All silicates contain _____.
a. magnesium
b. silicon & aluminum
d. oxygen & carbon
c. silicon & oxygen
____75. Magma is forced upward to Earth’s surface because it is _____ than the surrounding rock.
a. less dense
b. more dense
c. thicker
d. thinner
____76. There are _____ plates that make up the Earth’s crust.
a. 7
b. 9
c. 14
____77. Continental drift occurs because of _____.
a. plate tectonics
b. Pangaea
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c. Rodina
_____78. _____ are not acceptable when writing a lab conclusion.
a. Procedures
b. Specific results
c. Hypothesis
d. mountains
d. Opinions
_____79. When an alpha particle is given off during radioactive decay, _____ leave(s) the nucleus of an atom.
a. An electron
b. a proton and a neutron
c. A proton and an electron
d. two protons and two neutrons
_____80. Evidence from core samples collected by the _____ helped to explain how continental drift is possible.
a. Glomar Challenger
b. Mesosaurus
c. NASA scientists
d. scientist, AlfredWegener
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II.
Complete the Chart about subatomic particles as indicated: (1 pt each)
CHARGE
MASS
LOCATION
Proton
Neutron
Electron
III.
____ 1. Luster
Mineral Matching - In the blank at left, write the letter of the word or phrase that is referred to by
the item on the left. (1 pt each)
a. minerals that attract metal like a magnet
____ 2. Color
b. how light is reflected from a mineral
____ 3. Ores
c. minerals that break with rough or jagged surfaces
____ 4. Hardness
d. the tendency of a mineral to break along a smooth, flat surface
____ 5. Cleavage
e. color on a ceramic plate of a powdered mineral
____ 6. Fracture
f. minerals mined because they contain useful substances
____ 7. Streak
g. a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
____ 8. Magnetic
h. the distinctive yellowness of sulfur
IV.
_____1. Cast
_____2. Trace
Matching - In the blank at left, write the letter of the word or phrase on the right that is referred to
by the item on the left. (1 pt each)
a. states that in a sequence of undisturbed rocks the oldest rocks are
on the bottom and the rocks become younger towards the top
b. type of fossil such as preserved animal tracks
_____3. Principal of superposition
_____4. Permineralized remains
V.
c. fossil formed when original materials in skeletal remains are
replaced by minerals
d. fossil produced when sediments fill in a cavity made when an
object decayed
Identification - Identify each rock as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary. (1 pt each)
_______________1. Sandstone
_______________5. Granite
_______________2. Obsidian
_______________6. Slate
_______________3. Gneiss
_______________7. Marble
_______________4. Pumice
_______________8. Conglomerate
Complete the diagram to show the pattern of radioactive decay for an isotope with a half-life of 785 years. (1 pt
each)
Half-life
parent material
daughter product
total years
0
160grams
1
2
3
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VI.
Fill-in-the-Blanks - Fill in the blanks on the diagram of the rock cycle. Rewrite the correct answers
in the space at left. (1 pt each)
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
6. ____________________________________
7. ____________________________________
8. ____________________________________
VII. Number and list the order of events pictured in this diagram from oldest to youngest. Be sure to use the
terms given in the key in your explanation. (Don’t forget erosion) (1 pt each)
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
6. __________________________________
7. __________________________________
8. __________________________________
9. __________________________________
10. __________________________________
Label two different types of igneous intrusions on the drawing.
VIII . Use the information below to identify the atomic number, mass number, protons, neutrons, and
electrons of Phosphorus. (1 point each)
Atomic number ______________
Mass number ________________
Protons
________________
Neutrons
________________
Electrons
________________
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IV. Complete the chart below to identify the components of the isotopes listed. (1 pt each)
Isotope
Atomic number
Mass number
Protons
Neutrons
Chlorine-35
17
Sodium-23
11
Neptunium-237
93
X.
Electrons
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word(s). (1 pt each blank)
Type of Boundary
Continent-Continent
Convergent
Motion
Land form produced
Example
Japan
Ocean-Ocean Divergent
moving apart
Trench, Continental
Volcanoes, Subduction
Zone
San Andreas Fault
Continent-Continent
Divergent
XI.
Rift valley
Fill in the blanks with the correct layer of the earth. (1 point each)
1.__________________________
2.__________________________
3.__________________________
4.__________________________
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XII. On the diagram below, label the plates indicated by the letters in the blanks below. (1 pt each)
Then answer the questions.
30
60
90
120
150
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
A
60
30
D
H
F
G
0
I
E
30
C
B
60
B
30
60
90
120
150
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
A._______________________________D. _____________________________G. ___________________________
B. ______________________________E. _____________________________H. ___________________________
C. ______________________________F. ______________________________I.____________________________
Identify the position of Hawaii in latitude and longitude:__________________________________________________
What is the position of the prime meridian in latitude and longitude?___________________________________________
XIII. Short answer- answer the following question in at least two complete sentences. (3 pts)
1. List the six crystal shapes. Explain how crystal shapes relate to our understanding of minerals.
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XIV. Organized Paragraph- Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Write thoughtfully, legibly,
and carefully organizing your thoughts into well-developed, thorough paragraphs. Extra effort is essential! Your
paragraph should be about 7 sentences. (8 pts each)
1. Gold and pyrite might look like the same mineral, but they are not? Describe at least three properties that you would test
to tell the difference between the two? Why is it important to be able to tell the difference?
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2. Why might a scientist be pleased to find a trilobite within a section of rock he/she was studying? Why is a trilobite unique
to many other fossils?
3. Earthquakes can occur at all plate boundaries whereas volcanoes only occur at some. Describe the processes that cause
earthquakes and volcanoes to occur during plate tectonics. Be sure to give examples of where this is happening on Earth
in your explanation.
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Three paragraph essay: Answer the following question in complete sentences. Write thoughtfully, legibly,
and carefully, organizing your thoughts into well-developed, thorough paragraphs.
4. Fossils are found more often in sandstone than granite or gneiss. Discuss how each rock forms and why that might
make a difference in the fossil content of each.
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