History 2312: Religious Reformation and Popular Piety,
1450-1650
University College London
2012-13
Lecture:
Thurs 2-3, 25 Gordon Street,
Maths 500
Essay Classes: Thurs 4-5, History Dept G.09
Thurs 5-6, History Dept 102
Fri 3-4, Roberts 105b
Moodle materials: http://moodle.ucl.ac.uk//
Prof. Benjamin Kaplan
25 Gordon Square, Room 307
Office Hours: Tues 3-5 and by
appointment
Phone: 020 7679 1338
Email: b.kaplan@ucl.ac.uk
Homepage:
http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucrabjk/
I. Description
This course examines the sweeping changes in religious life in Europe between the
late Middle Ages and the seventeenth century. It concentrates on the upheavals
associated with the Protestant and Catholic Reformations (the latter known also as
the Counter-Reformation), but places these in a much broader context, examining the
role of religion in the social, cultural, and political world of early modern Europe.
The course does not treat religious issues solely in theological or ecclesiastic terms,
but also in terms of piety – the `varieties of religious experience’ Europeans had, and
community – the social and spiritual bonds formed by religion. It pays attention to
the `common folk’ as much as to famous leaders, and looks for long-term shifts
behind the era’s revolutionary events.
The first half of the course has a largely narratival structure, tracing the events and
movements conventionally associated with the Reformations of the 16th century.
After setting the context, it begins with reform efforts prior to Luther, and ends with
the consolidation of rival `confessional’ churches by around the end of the century.
The second half of the course is organized thematically. Each week a phenomenon –
i.a. Ritual and Community, Sin and Confession, The Holy Household – is considered
over the entire chronological scope, more or less, of the course. In this way we will
trace changes in the way religion was experienced and practiced by Europeans of all
confessions between 1450 and 1650, comparing the new, early modern forms of
Christianity both to one another and to the late medieval religion they supplanted.
II. Format
The course has no formal prerequisites, but students will be assumed to have taken
the UCL History Department’s Lecture Core Course (`From the Ancient Near East to
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the Twenty-First Century’) or to have equivalent background knowledge of early
modern Europe. Please consult the instructor if you have questions or concerns on
this score.
Each week there will be a one-hour lecture plus a one-hour meeting of each essay
class. The lectures provide a guiding thread, as it were, through the field of
Reformation history. The classes provide students an opportunity to explore each
week’s topic in greater depth and to discuss the reading assignments. Attendance and
participation in essay classes are required by the Department, and students who miss
a class must inform the instructor promptly of the reason.
Students will be expected to devote an average of eight hours per week to reading
and research for the course. The assigned readings fall into two categories, `core’
and `further’ readings. Each week you will be required to read:
(a) all of the core readings: these usually include a pertinent chapter from a
textbook or handbook, for orientation. Most core readings, though, are primary
source documents. They are of short- to moderate-length but require close
analysis. All students will be expected to have read these items in time to discuss
them at the appropriate essay class. At the first meeting of the course, the
instructor will explain where these core readings can be found.
(b) some of the further readings: for each week there is also a list of further
readings, which offers a selection of relevant secondary works, some recent,
some classic, to be found in the UCL Library and/or other library collections in
Bloomsbury. Which of these works you read each week is your choice, and a
matter of library availability. The lists will also be of use to you in writing your
coursework essays.
If you find you need more general background than is provided in the assigned
readings, or detailed explanations of specifics (e.g. theological concepts, or events in
a particular country), see Section IV below for a list of useful textbooks, reference
works, and other general works.
III. Assessment
For students who attend for the whole year, the course will be assessed by two essays
(25%) and one three-hour written examination paper (75%). You must achieve a pass
in both your coursework and your examination in order to pass the course.
For Affiliate students leaving in December only (course code ending in ‘A’), the
course will be assessed by two essays, which will be equally weighted.
For Affiliate students who start the course in January (course code ending in ‘B’), the
course will be assessed by two essays, a first essay and a second, ‘summative’ essay.
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Summative essay questions will be available on the first day of the summer term,
Monday 22 April 2013.
Coursework Essays
Coursework essays must be c.2,500 words each (including footnotes/endnotes but
excluding bibliography). A list of possible topics for each essay will be distributed
at least a month in advance of the deadline for submission.
All essays must be well presented and clear. Please use double-spacing, 12-point text,
and leave margins of at least 2.5cm. Proof-read your work carefully and do not rely
entirely on spell-checkers – they can introduce mistakes, particularly with proper
names. Please put your name on your essay. One of the hard copies you submit will
be returned to you with corrections and feedback.
Plagiarism: essays, while based upon what you have read, heard and discussed, must
be entirely your own work. It is very important that you avoid plagiarism, i.e. the
presentation of another person’s thoughts or words as though they were your own.
Plagiarism is a form of cheating, and is regarded by the College as a serious offence,
which can lead to a student failing a course or courses, or even deregistration. Any
quotation from the published or unpublished works of other persons must be clearly
identified as such by being placed inside quotation marks and students should
identify their sources as accurately and fully as possible. Please see the History
Department Study Skills booklet for further guidance on avoiding plagiarism and
referencing. (Students not registered in the History Department may obtain a copy
from the Departmental Reception or download one from the History Department
webpages.) You should note that UCL uses a sophisticated detection system (TurnIt-In) to scan work for evidence of plagiarism, and the Department uses this software
to check assessed coursework.
Deadlines
For students who attend the whole year:
The official deadline for your first essay is 12.00 noon on Monday 12 November
2012 (there is no prior, informal deadline). You will be penalised if you fail to meet
this deadline unless you have been granted an extension by the Chair of the Board of
Examiners.
The official deadline for your second essay is 12.00 noon on Monday 18 February
2013 (again, there is no prior, informal deadline). You will be penalized if you fail to
meet this deadline unless you have been granted an extension by the Chair of the
Board of Examiners.
For Affiliate students leaving in December only (course codes ending in ‘A’):
The unofficial deadline for the first essay is Monday 12 November 2012. I strongly
recommend that you submit your first essay by this date so that I have an opportunity
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to give you some tutorial feedback before you write your second essay. However,
you will not be penalized if you choose not to meet this deadline.
The official deadline for both essays is 12.00 noon on Friday 14 December 2012.
You will be penalized if you fail to meet this deadline unless you have been granted
an extension by the Chair of the Board of Examiners.
For Affiliate students who start the course in January only (course codes ending
in ‘B’):
The official deadline for your first essay is 12.00 noon on Monday, 18 March 2013.
You will be penalized if you fail to meet this deadline unless you have been granted
an extension by the Chair of the Board of Examiners. Please choose your essay
question from the list above.
The official deadline for your second (summative) essay is 12.00 noon on Monday 20
May 2013. You will be penalized if you fail to meet this deadline unless you have
been granted an extension by the Chair of the Board of Examiners. This essay may
not be submitted earlier than Monday 13 May 2013.
For second-year History students writing the HIST2902 long essay in connection
with this course:
You are required to submit in January a proposal for your long essay. The unofficial
deadline for submission to the course tutor (hard copy only) is Tuesday 8 January. I
strongly advise you to meet this deadline so that we have an opportunity to discuss
your proposal before it is finalised. The final version of your proposal must be
submitted on Moodle for HIST2902 by 12.00 noon on Friday 18 January 2013. Your
final 7,500-word essay must be submitted by 12.00 noon on Monday 22 April 2013.
Submission Procedures
Unless otherwise stated above, your work must be submitted on Moodle/Turn-it-in
by 12.00 noon BST on deadline day. Two hard copies with coversheet must also be
submitted directly into the course tutor’s pigeonhole within 24 hours of the deadline.
Please follow the guidelines on submission procedures on the departmental website
at www.ucl.ac.uk/history, under ‘Undergraduates’.
IV. Bibliography of General Works
Textbooks
Carter Lindberg, The European Reformations (Oxford, 1996)
Euan Cameron, The European Reformation (Oxford, 1991)
Steven Ozment, The Age of Reform 1250-1550 (New Haven, 1980)
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Diarmaid MacCulloch, Reformation: Europe’s house divided, 1490-1700 (London,
2003)
Ulinka Rublack, Reformation Europe (Cambridge, 2005)
Patrick Collinson, The Reformation (London, 2003)
Reference Works
Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation (New York,
1996)
Hans J. Hillerbrand, Historical Dictionary of the Reformation and CounterReformation (London, 2000)
Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed., The Encyclopedia of Protestantism (London, 2004)
The New Catholic Encyclopedia (2nd ed., Detroit/Washington, 2003)
Peter G. Bietenholz, ed., Contemporaries of Erasmus: a biographical register of the
Renaissance and Reformation (Toronto, 1985-87)
Bibliography, Historiography, Research Guides
The Sixteenth Century Journal, special retrospective issue 40/1 (Spring 2009)
David M. Whitford, Reformation and Early Modern Europe: A Guide to Research
(Kirksville, Mo., 2008)
Steven Ozment, ed., Reformation Europe: A Guide to Research (St. Louis, 1982)
William Maltby, ed., Reformation Europe: A Guide to Research II (St. Louis, 1992)
John W. O'Malley, ed., Catholicism in Early Modern History: A Guide to Research
(St. Louis, 1988)
Anne Jacobson Schutte et al., eds., Reformation Research in Europe and North
America: A Historical Assessment (vol. 100 of the Archive of Reformation
History) (2009)
Annual Literature Supplement of the Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte/Archive of
Reformation History
Philip Benedict. "Between Whig Traditions and New Histories: American Historical
Writing about Reformation and Early Modern Europe." In Imagined
Histories: American Historians Interpret the Past, ed. Anthony Molho and
Gordon S. Wood, 295-323. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.
A.G. Dickens and John Tonkin, The Reformation in Historical Thought (Cambridge,
Mass., 1985)
John O’Malley, Trent and All That: Renaming Catholicism in the Early Modern Era
(Cambridge, Mass., 2000)
The Reformation
Robert W. Scribner, The German Reformation (2nd ed. with C. Scott Dixon,
Basingstoke, 2003)
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Thomas A. Brady Jr., German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400-1650
(Cambridge, 2009)
Andrew Pettegree, ed., The Early Reformation in Europe (Cambridge, 1992)
Bob Scribner, Roy Porter, & Mikulas Teich, eds., The Reformation in National
Context (Cambridge, 1994)
Andrew Pettegree, ed., The Reformation World (London, 2000)
R. Po-chia Hsia, ed., A Companion to the Reformation World (Oxford, 2004)
The Cambridge History of Christianity, vol. 4: Christianity in Western Europe, c.
1100 – c. 1500, ed. Miri Rubin and Walter Simons; vol. 6: Reform and
Expansion 1500-1660, ed. R. Po-chia Hsia
Alec Ryrie, ed., The European Reformations (2006)
Mark Greengrass, The Longman Companion to the European Reformation, c. 15001618 (London, 1998)
John Bossy, Christianity in the West, 1400-1700 (Oxford, 1985)
C. Scott Dixon, ed., The German Reformation: The Essential Readings (Oxford,
1999)
Theology
Alister McGrath, Reformation Thought: An Introduction (2nd ed. Oxford, 1993)
Bernard Reardon, Religious Thought in the Reformation (2nd ed. London, 1995)
Jaroslav Pelikan, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine,
vol. 4: Reformation of church and dogma (1300-1700) (Chicago, 1984-9)
Carter Lindberg, ed., The Reformation Theologians: An Introduction to Theology in
the Early Modern Period (Oxford, 2002)
David Bagchi and David C. Steinmetz, eds., The Cambridge Companion to
Reformation Theology (Cambridge, 2004)
The Catholic/Counter-Reformation
Mullett, Michael A. The Catholic Reformation (London, 1999)
Hsia, R. Po-Chia. The World of Catholic Renewal, 1540-1770 (2nd ed. Cambridge,
2005)
Bireley, Robert. The refashioning of Catholicism, 1450-1700 (Washington, D.C.,
1999)
Dickens, A.G. The Counter Reformation (London, 1968)
Martin Jones, The Counter Reformation: Religion and Society in Early Modern
Europe (Cambridge, 1995)
Jean Delumeau, Catholicism Between Luther and Voltaire (London, 1977)
David Luebke, ed., The Counter-Reformation: The Essential Readings (Oxford,
1999)
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Early Modern Europe (for background)
Merry Wiesner-Hanks, Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2006)
Beat Kümin, ed., The European World 1500-1800: An Introduction to Early Modern
History (London, 2009)
Thomas Brady Jr., Heiko Oberman, & James Tracy, eds., Handbook of European
History, 1400-1600, 2 vols. (Leiden, 1994-5)
Euan Cameron, ed., Early Modern Europe: An Oxford History (Oxford, 1999)
Eugene F. Rice, Jr. and Anthony Grafton, The Foundations of Early Modern Europe,
1460-1559 (2nd ed. London, 1994)
Richard Dunn, The Age of Religious Wars, 1559-1715 (2nd ed. London, 1979)
George Huppert, After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe
(2nd ed. Bloomington, 1998)
Specialized Journals
Archive of Reformation History/Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte
The Sixteenth Century Journal
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
Church History
Church History and Religious Culture
Reformation
Online Resources (to be used with caution!)
Christian Classics Ethereal Library: http://www.ccel.org/
The Latin Library – Christian Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/christian.html
IntraText: http://www.intratext.com/
Project Wittenberg (Lutheran texts):
http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/wittenberg-home.html
Internet Modern History Sourcebook – Reformation Europe:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook02.html
Le Projet Albion – The English Reformation: http://puritanism.online.fr/engref.html
Project Gutenberg: http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page
Hanover College Internet Archive of Texts and Documents:
http://history.hanover.edu/early/prot.html (sections on Protestant and Catholic
Reformations)
Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia: http://www.gameo.org/
Catholic Encyclopedia: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/index.html
Calvin Bibliography 1997: http://www.calvin.edu/meeter/bibliography/1997.htm
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V. Schedule of Classes & Readings
The following abbreviations are used:
Handbook
Thomas A. Brady Jr., Heiko A. Oberman, and James D. Tracy, eds.,
Handbook of European History, 1400-1600, 2 vols. (Leiden:
Brill 1995)
Denis R. Janz, ed., A Reformation Reader, 2nd ed. (Minneapolis:
Fortress Press, 2008)
R. Po-chia Hsia, ed., A Companion to the Reformation World (Oxford:
Blackwell, 2004)
Andrew Pettegree, ed., The Reformation World (London: Routledge,
2000)
Early English Books Online: available via UCL Metalib at:
http://metalib-a.lib.ucl.ac.uk/V/?func=find-db-1category&mode=category&category=Arts%20and%20Humani
ties%20%28general%29&sub_cat=Ebook%20collections&format=001&restricted=all
Eighteenth-Century Collections Online: via UCL Metalib at same
Reader
Companion
World
EEBO
ECCO
Autumn term
Week 1
Introduction
Specimen question: How did the term `Christianity’ change in meaning between 1450 and
1650?
Week 2
Christianity in the West anno 1450
Specimen question: How religiously dependent were lay people on clergy in the fifteenth
century?
Core readings:
John van Engen, `The Church in the Fifteenth Century’, in Handbook, vol. 1, pp.
305-330 (ch. 9) [you can start at p. 309]
Reader, items # 1, 9, 11-15 [= #s 1, 6, 8-12 in 1st edition]
Further readings:
John Bossy, Christianity in the West 1400-1700, Part I
Francis Oakley, The Western Church in the Later Middle Ages (Ithaca, 1979)
Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (London, 1971), pp. 25-50
Bernd Moeller, "Piety in Germany Around 1500," in The Reformation in Medieval
Perspective, ed. S. Ozment (Chicago: Quadrangle Books: 1971), 50-75.
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Duffy, Eamon. The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 14001580 (New Haven, 1992), part I
Rubin, Miri. Corpus Chisti: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge,
1991)
Johan Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages (many editions)
John van Engen, `The Christian Middle Ages as an Historiographical Prodblem’,
American Historical Review 91 (1986): 519-52
John van Engen, Sisters and Brothers of the Common Life (Philadelphia, 2008)
Alister McGrath, The Intellectual Origins of the European Reformation (2nd ed.
Oxford, 2003)
Peter Dykema and Heiko Oberman, eds., Anticlericalism in Late Medieval & Early
Modern Europe (Leiden, 1993)
Steven Ozment, The Age of Reform (New Haven, 1980), chs. 1-5
Larissa Taylor, Soldiers of Christ: Preaching in Late Mevieval and Reformation
France (Oxford, 1992)
Charles Trinkaus and Heiko Oberman, eds., The Pursuit of Holiness in Late
Medieval and Renaissance Religion (Leiden, 1974)
Heiko Oberman, Forerunners of the Reformation: the Shape of Late Medieval
Thought (Philadelphia, 1981)
R.N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe, c. 1215 – c. 1515 (Cambridge,
1995)
Week 3
Calls for Reform
Specimen question: How revolutionary was the Humanist programme for reform of
Christianity?
Core readings:
Erika Rummel, `Voices of Reform from Hus to Erasmus’, in Handbook, vol. 2, pp.
61-91
Erasmus, Enchiridion Militis Christiani [The Handbook of the Militant Christian],
abridged edition in John P. Dolan, ed., The Essential Erasmus (New York,
1964), pp. 24-93
Further readings:
Gerald Strauss, "Ideas of Reformatio and Renovatio From the Middle Ages to the
Reformation," in Handbook, vol 2., pp. 1-30
Jerry Bentley, Humanists and Holy Writ
Lewis Spitz, The Religious Renaissance of the German Humanists
Cornelis Augustijn, Erasmus: His Life, Works, and Influence
Roland H. Bainton, Erasmus of Christendom (New York, 1969)
Lisa Jardine, Erasmus, Man of Letters (Princeton, 1993)
Marjorie O’Rourke Boyle, Rhetoric and Reform: Erasmus’ Civil Dispute with
Luther (Cambridge, Mass., 1983)
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Bernd Moeller, "The German Humanists and the Beginnings of the Reformation,"
in his Imperial Cities and the Reformation.
William Bouwsma, "Renaissance and Reformation: An Essay in their Affinities and
Connections," in Heiko Oberman, ed., Luther and the Dawn of the Modern
Era.
Charles Nauert, Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe (Cambridge,
1995)
Albert Rabil, Jr. ed., Renaissance Humanism: Foundations, Forms and Legacy, 3
vols. (Philadelphia, 1988)
Paul O. Kristeller, Renaissance Thought, esp. chs. 1 and 4
Gerald Strauss, ed., Manifestations of Discontent in Germany on the Eve of the
Reformation
A.G. Dickens, The German Nation and Martin Luther, chs. 1-4
Malcolm Lambert, Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian
Reform to the Reformation
Anne Hudson, Lollards and Their Books (London, 1985)
Howard Kaminsky, A History of the Hussite Revolution (Berkeley, 1967)
Gordon Leff, Heresy in the Later Middle Ages (Manchester, 1999)
Steven Ozment. ed., The Reformation in Medieval Perspective, essay by G. Ritter
Hilmar M. Pabel. Erasmus' vision of the Church. Kirksville, 1995.
Week 4
Martin Luther’s “Theology of the Cross”
Specimen question: What did Martin Luther mean by “Christian freedom”?
Core readings:
Berndt Hamm, `What was the Reformation Doctrine of Justification?’, in C. Scott
Dixon, ed., The German Reformation: The Essential Readings, ch. 3
Reader, items #17, 22, 25, 26, 32 [= #s 14, 19, 22, 23, 28 in 1st edit]
Further readings:
Heiko Oberman, Luther: Man Between God and the Devil (New Haven, 1989)
Martin Brecht, Martin Luther, trans. James L. Schaaf, 3 vols. (Philadelphia, 198593)
Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand (New York, 1950)
Erik K. Erikson, Young Man Luther (New York, 1958)
Mark U. Edwards, Jr., Luther and the False Brethren (Stanford, 1975)
David Steinmetz, Luther and Staupitz: An Essay in the Intellectual Origins of the
Protestant Reformation (Durham, N.C., 1980)
Alastair McGrath, Luther's Theology of the Cross (Oxford, 1985)
Paul Althaus, The Theology of Martin Luther (Philadelphia, 1966)
B. Lohse, Martin Luther’s Theology (Minneapolis, 1999)
E.G. Rupp, The Righteousness of God: Luther Studies (London, 1968)
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Steven Ozment, "Homo Viator: Luther and Late Medieval Theology," in Ozment,
ed., The Reformation in Medieval Perspective (Chicago, 1971)
David Steinmetz, Luther in Context (Grand Rapids, 1995)
Scott H. Hendrix, Luther and the Papacy (Philadelphia, 1981)
Robert Kolb, Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, and Hero: Images of the
Reformer, 1520-1620 (Grand Rapids, 1999)
Mark U. Edwards, Printing, Propaganda, and Martin Luther (Berkeley, 1994)
Robert Scribner, `The Incombustible Luther’, in his Popular Culture and Popular
Movements in Reformation Germany (London, 1987)
Week 5
The Evangelical Movement
Specimen question: Why was there so much support for the evangelical movement in
Germany’s imperial free cities?
Core readings:
Robert Scribner and Scott Dixon, The German Reformation, chs. 3-5 (chapters on
Evangelical Movement, Social Location, Politics)
Reader, items # 50-51, 34-35, 37
Tom Scott and Bob Scribner, eds., The German Peasants’ War: A History in
Documents (New Jersey, 1991), items #21-22
Further readings:
Scott Dixon, ed., The German Reformation: The Essential Readings, chs. 4 & 5
(essays by Thomas Brady and Peter Blickle)
Bernd Moeller, Imperial Cities and the Reformation (Philadelphia, 1972)
Steven Ozment, The Reformation in the Cities (New Haven, 1975)
Thomas A. Brady, Jr., Ruling Class, Regime and Reformation at Strasbourg 15201555 (Leiden, 1978)
Thomas A. Brady, Jr., Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire 1450-1550 (Cambridge,
1985)
Lorna Jane Abray, The People’s Reformation (Ithaca, 1985)
Steven Ozment, Protestants: The Birth of a Revolution (New York, 1992)
George Potter, Zwingli (Cambridge, 1976)
Bruce Gordon, The Swiss Reformation (Manchester, 2002)
Peter Blickle, Communal Reformation: The Quest for Salvation in SixteenthCentury Germany (New Jersey, 1992)
Peter Blickle, The Revolution of 1525 (Baltimore, 1981)
Bob Scribner and Gerhard Benecke, eds., The German Peasant War of 1525 -- New
Viewpoints (n.p., 1979)
Frederick Engels, The Peasant War in Germany (3rd ed. New York, 2000)
Randolph Head, Early Modern Democracy in the Grisons (Cambridge, 1995)
Andrew Pettegree, Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion (Cambridge, 1995)
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Higman, Francis M. Piety and the People: Religious Printing in French, 1511-1551
(Aldershot, 1996)
Robert Scribner, For the Sake of Simple Folk: Popular Propaganda for the German
Reformation (Cambridge, 1981)
Moxey, Keith. Peasants, Warriors, and Wives: Popular Imagery in the Reformation
(Chicago, 1989)
P.J. Broadhead. "Guildsmen, Religious Reform and the Search for the Common
Good: The Role of the Guilds in the Early Reformation in Augsburg."
Historical Journal 39 (1996): 577-97.
R.W. Scribner. "Communalism: Universal Category or Ideological Construct? A
Debate in the Historiography of Early Modern Germany and Switzerland."
Historical Journal 37 (1994): 199-207.
Week 6
The Sectarian Spectrum
Specimen question: In what sense(s) was the `Radical Reformation’ (G. H. Williams)
radical?
Core readings:
James Stayer, `The Radical Reformation’, in Handbook, vol. 2, pp. 249-82 (ch. 9)
Reader, items #56, 58-59, 62-63, 65-67
Further readings:
James Stayer, Anabaptists and the Sword (Lawrence, Kan., 1979)
James Stayer, The German Peasants’ War and Anabaptist Community of Goods
(Montreal, 1991)
Claus Peter Clasen, Anabaptism: A Social History, 1525-1618 (Ithaca, 1972)
George H. Williams, The Radical Reformation (3rd ed. Kirksville, Mo., 1992)
Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium (3rd ed. London, 1993), ch. 12
Hans-Jürgen Goertz, Thomas Müntzer: Apocalyptic Mystic and Revolutionary
(Edinburgh. 1993)
Gary K. Waite, David Joris and Dutch Anabaptism, 1524-1543 (Waterloo, 1990)
Hans Hillerbrand, ed., Radical Tendencies in the Reformation: Divergent
Perspectives (Kirksville, 1988)
Hans-Jürgen Goertz, ed., Profiles of Radical Reformers (Kitchener, 1982)
William R. Estep, The Anabaptist Story (Grand Rapids, 1975)
Sigrun Haude. In the Shadow of "Savage Wolves": Anabaptist Münster and the
German Reformation during the 1530s. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
Werner O. Packull. Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments during the
Reformation. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
Sjouke Voolstra. Menno Simons: His Image and Message. Newton, Kans.:
Mennonite, 1996.
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Klaus Depperman, Werner O. Packull, and James M. Stayer, `From Monogenesis to
Polygenesis: The Historical Discussion of Anabaptist Origins’, Mennonite
Quarterly Review 49 (1975): 83-122.
Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed., Radical Tendencies in the Reformation: Divergent
Perspectives (Kirksville, Mo., 1988), especially essay by Adolf Laube,
`Radicalism as a Research Problem in the History of Early Reformation’, 9-23
Werner O. Packull and James M. Stayer, eds., The Anabaptists and Thomas
Müntzer (Dubuque, 1980), including essay by W.J. Kühler on `Anabaptism in
the Netherlands’, 92-103
Week 7
International Calvinism
Specimen question: Why do religious refugees figure so prominently in the history of
Calvinism?
Core readings:
Robert Kingdon, `International Calvinism’, in Handbook, vol. 2, pp. 229-48 (ch. 8)
J.K.S. Reid, ed., Calvin: Theological Treatises, 25-33, 47-55 (plus optional: 56-72)
Alastair Duke, Gillian Lewis, & Andrew Pettegree, eds., Calvinism in Europe,
1540-1610: A collection of Documents (Manchester, 1992), items #17, 34
Further readings:
William Bouwsma, “Explaining John Calvin,” and “John Calvin’s Anxiety,” in
Richard Gamble, ed., Calvinism in Switzerland, Germany, and Hungary (New
York, 1992), pp. 136-48
Francois Wendel, Calvin: The Origins and Development of His Religious Thought
(Durham, N.C., 1987)
William Bouwsma, John Calvin: A Sixteenth-Century Portrait (New York, 1988)
Alister McGrath, A Life of John Calvin (Cambridge, Mass., 1990)
Alexandre Ganoczy, The Young Calvin (Philadelphia, 1987)
Harro Höpfl, The Christian Polity of John Calvin (Cambridge, 1982)
E.W. Monter, Calvin’s Geneva (New York, 1967)
William Naphy, Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation
(Manchester, 1994)
Philip Benedict, Christ’s Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism
(New Haven, 2002)
Menna Prestwich, ed., International Calvinism, 1541-1715 (Oxford, 1985)
Robert Kingdon, Geneva and the Coming of the Wars of Religion in France, 15551563 (Geneva, 1956)
Robert Kingdon, Geneva and the Consolidation of the French Protestant
Movement, 1564-1572 (Geneva, 1967)
Natalie Davis, “Strikes and Salvation at Lyon,” in her book Society and Culture in
Early Modern France (London, 1975), ch. 1
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Barbara Diefendorf, Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots in SixteenthCentury Paris (Oxford, 1991)
Philip Benedict, Rouen during the Wars of Religion (Cambridge, 1981)
Benjamin Kaplan, Calvinists and Libertines (Oxford, 1995)
Guido Marnef, Antwerp in the Age of the Reformation (Baltimore, 1996)
Phyllis Mack Crew, Calvinist Preaching and Iconoclasm in the Netherlands
(Cambridge, 1978)
Heinz Schilling, Civic Calvinism in Northwestern Germany and the Netherlands
(Kirksville, Mo., 1991)
A. Pettegree, A. Duke, & G. Lewis, eds., Calvinism in Europe, 1540-1620
(Cambridge, 1994)
John T. McNeill, The History and Character of Calvinism (New York, 1967)
Andrew Pettegree, Emden and the Dutch Revolt: Exile and the Development of
Reformed Protestantism (Oxford, 1992)
Mack P. Holt, ed., Adaptations of Calvinism in Reformation Europe (Aldershot,
2007)
Graeme Murdock. Beyond Calvin : the intellectual, political and cultural world of
Europe's Reformed churches, c. 1540-1620. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2004.
Week 8
Catholic Reform (I): Trent and All That
Specimen question: `Counter-Reformation’ vs. `Catholic Reformation’: how do these
terms apply to the work of the Council of Trent?
Core readings:
Elisabeth Gleason, `Catholic Reformation, Counterreformation and Papal Reform in
the Sixteenth Century’, in Handbook, vol. 2, pp. 317-45 (ch. 11)
Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, selections (online at
http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0432.HTM):
--decree on justification: canons
--decree concerning the most holy sacrament of the eucharist
--on the most holy sacrament of penance: canons
--on the invocation, veneration, and relics, of saints, and on sacred images
--method of establishing seminaries (session 23, decree on reformation, chap. 18)
Further readings:
John O’Malley, Trent and All That
Hubert Jedin, A History of the Council of Trent, English trans. 2 vols. (London,
1961)
David Luebke, ed., The Counter-Reformation: The Essential Readings
Jean Delumeau, Catholicism Between Luther and Voltaire (London, 1977)
Elisabeth Gleason, Gasparo Contarini: Venice, Rome and Reform (Berkeley, 1993)
John C. Olin, Catholic Reform: From Cardinal Ximenes to the Council of Trent
-15-
John Headley and John Tamoro, eds., San Carlo Borromeo (Washington, 1988)
Giuseppe Alberigo. "Carlo Borromeo between Two Models of Bishop." In San
Carlo Borromeo, Catholic Reform and Ecclesiastical Politics in the Second
Half of the Sixteenth Century, edited by John M. Headley and John B.
Tomaro, 250-63. Washington, 1988.
H. Outram Evennett. The Cardinal of Lorraine and the Council of Trent a study in
the Counter-Reformation. Cambridge, 1930.
Joseph Bergin, The Making of the French Episcopate, 1578-1661 (New Haven,
1996)
Wolfgang Reinhard, `Papal Power and Family Strategy in the Sixteenth and
Seventeenth Centuries’, in Ronald Asch and Adolf Burke, eds., Princes,
Patronage, and the Nobility (Oxford, 1991), pp. 329-56
Jean Delumeau, `Political and Administrative Centralization in the Papal State in
the Sixteenth Century’, in Eric Cochrane, ed., The Late Italian Renaissance
(New York, 1970), pp. 287-304
Paolo Prodi, The Papal Prince, One Body and Two Souls (Cambridge, 1987)
Luria, Keith. Territories of Grace: Cultural Change in the Seventeenth-Century
Diocese of Grenoble (Berkeley, 1991)
Sara Nalle, God in La Mancha: Religious Reform and the People of Cuenca, 15001650 (Baltimore, 1992)
Philip T. Hoffman, Church and Community in the Diocese of Lyon, 1500-1789
(New Haven, 1984)
Craig Harline and Eddy Put, A Bishop's Tale: Matthias Hovius Among His Flock in
Seventeenth-Century Flanders (New Haven, 2000)
Week 9
Catholic Reform (II): The Religious Orders
Specimen question: Did the Jesuits deserve their fearsome reputation among Protestants?
Core readings:
John Patrick Donnelly, `The New Religious Orders, 1517-1648’, in Handbook, vol.
2, pp. 283-310 (ch. 10)
The Capuchin Constitutions of 1536: chapter 9 on preaching (pp. 38-44 in English
translation by Paul Hanbridge)
The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius (online at
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/ignatius/exercises.toc.html):
--Directions for Acquiring an Understanding of the Spiritual Exercises
(`Annotations’)
--First Week: read in its entirety
--Notes Concerning Scruples (`The Following Notes Help to Perceive and
Understand Scruples’)
--Rules for Thinking with the Church (`To Have True Sentiment’)
Further readings:
-16-
H.Outram Evennett, The Spirit of the Counter-Reformation (Cambridge, 1968), esp.
chs. 2-4
John O’Malley, The First Jesuits (Cambridge, Mass., 1993)
A. Lynn Martin, The Jesuit Mind (Ithaca, 1988)
Chatellier, Louis. The Europe of the Devout: The Catholic Reformation and the
Formation of a New Society (Cambridge, 1989)
Peter Burke, "How To Become a Counter-Reformation Saint," in Religion and
Society in Early Modern Europe 1500-1800, ed. Kaspar von Greyerz
(London, 1984)
The Autobiography of St. Ignatius Loyola (New York, 1992)
John W. O'Malley et al., eds., The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 15401773 (Toronto, 1999), including essay by John O’Malley, `The
Historiography of the Society of Jesus: Where does it Stand Today?’
John W. O’Malley, `Was Ignatius Loyola a Church Reformer? How to Look at
Early Modern Catholicism’, Catholic Historical Review 77 (1991): 177-93,
reprinted in David Luebke ed., The Counter-Reformation: The Essential
Readings
Elizabeth Rapley, The Dévotes: Women and Church in Seventeenth-Century France
(Monteral, 1990)
Renee P. Baernstein, A Convent Tale: A Century of Sisterhood in Spanish Milan
(London, 2002)
Craig Harline, `Actives and Contemplatives: The Female Religious of the Low
Countries before and after the Council of Trent’, Catholic Historical Review
81 (1995): 541-67
Craig Harline, The Burdens of Sister Margaret: Inside a Seventeenth-Century
Convent (New Haven, 2000)
Richard L. DeMolen, ed., Religious Orders of the Catholic Reformation (New
York, 1994)
Cuthbert of Brighton, The Capuchins, 2 vols. (London, 1929)
Jonathan Spence, The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (New York, 1984)
Week 10
Confessionalization
Specimen question: Did confessionalization merely elaborate and enforce, or did it
substantially reshape the forms of Christianity that emerged in the sixteenth
century?
Core readings:
Wolfgang Reinhard, `Pressures towards Confessionalization? Prolegomena to a
Theory of the Confessional Age’, in C. Scott Dixon, ed., The German
Reformation: The Essential Readings, ch. 6
Forster, Marc R. "With and Without Confessionalization: Varieties of Early Modern
German Catholicism." Journal of Early Modern History 1/4 (1997): 315-43.
Reader, items #33 (Formula of Concord), 111 (Rules on Prohibited Books)
James I, The Book [aka Declaration] of Sports (1617/1633)
-17-
Further readings:
Alastair Duke, Reformation and Revolt in the Low Countries (London, 1990)
Wolfgang Reinhard "Reformation, Counter-Reformation, and the Early Modern
State: A Reassessment," in Luebke, ed., The Counter-Reformation
Heinz Schilling, Religion, Political Culture and the Emergence of Early Modern
Society (Leiden, 1992), chapters on confessionalization
R. Po-chia Hsia, Social Discipline in the Reformation: Central Europe, 1550-1700
(London, 1989)
Bossy, John "The Counter-Reformation and the People of Catholic Europe," Past
and Present 47 (1970): 51-70.
Basil Hall, "Calvin Against the Calvinists," from John Calvin, ed. Gervase E.
Duffield (Appleford, 1966)
Bodo Nischan, Lutherans and Calvinists in the Age of Confessionalism (Aldershot,
1999)
Benjamin Kaplan, Calvinists and Libertines (Oxford, 1995), esp. intro & ch. 1
Philip Benedict. "Confessionalization in France? Critical Reflections and new
Evidence." In his The Faith and Fortunes of France's Huguenots, 1600-85
(Aldershot, 2001 ), 309-25. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.
Joel F. Harrington, and Helmut Walser Smith. "Confessionalization, Community,
and State Building in Germany, 1555-1870." Journal of Modern History 69
(1997): 77-101.
Robert Kolb. Luther's heirs define his legacy: studies on Lutheran
confessionalization. Brookfield, VT: Variorum, 1996.
Erika Rummel. The confessionalization of humanism in Reformation Germany.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Michael G. Müller. "Protestant confessionalisation in the towns of Royal Prussia
and the practice of religious toleration in Poland-Lithuania." In Tolerance and
intolerance in the European Reformation, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Bob
Scribner, 262-81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Andrew Pettegree. "Confessionalization in North Western Europe." In
Konfessionalisierung in Ostmitteleuropa : Wirkungen des religiösen Wandels
im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert in Staat, Gesellschaft und Kultur, edited by
Joachim Bahlcke and Arno Strohmeyer, 105-20. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1999.
Randolph C. Head. "Catholics and Protestants in Graubünden: Confessional
Discipline and Confessional Identities without an Early Modern State?"
German History 17 (1999): 321-45.
Spring Term
Week 11
Ritual and Community
NOTE: no essay classes will be held this week
-18-
Specimen question: How are social relations encoded in religious rituals and negotiated
through them?
Core readings:
Edward Muir, Ritual in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 1997), ch. 5 (`The
Reformation as a revolution in ritual theory’)
Bernard Picart, The ceremonies and religious customs of the various nations of the
known world… (London, 1733-39), vol 1. pp. 323-334 (description of the
Catholic mass) [ECCO]
A catechisme of the Christian religion with the confession of faith revised in the
nationall synod last held at Dordrecht ... 1618 and 1619. And formes used in
the Reformed Church of the Neatherlands. ... (Middelburg, 1721), pp. 59-65
(Dutch Reformed Lord’s Supper) [ECCO]
Further readings:
Natalie Davis, `The Sacred and the Body Social in Sixteenth-Century Lyon’, Past
and Present 90 (1981): 40-70
--reprinted in her Society and Culture in Early Modern France
Wikipedia, articles on `Pre-Tridentine Mass’ and `Tridentine Mass’
Karin Maag and John D. Witvliet, eds., Worship in Medieval and Early Modern
Europe: Change and Continuity in Religious Practice (Notre Dame, 2004)
Nigel Yates, Liturgical Space: Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western
Europe 1500-2000 (Aldershot, 2008)
John Bossy, Christianity in the West 1400-1700
Robert Scribner, `Cosmic Order and Daily Life’, in Kaspar von Greyerz, ed.,
Religion and Society in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1800, pp. 17-31
--reprinted in Scribner, Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation
Germany
Miri Rubin, Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge,
1991)
Charles Zika, "Hosts, Processions and Pilgrimages: Controlling the Sacred in
Fifteenth-Century Germany," Past and Present 118 (1988): 25-64.
Virginia Reinburg, "Liturgy and Laity in Late Medieval and Reformation France,"
The Sixteenth Century Journal 23 (1992)
Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 14001580, part I
Susan Karant-Nunn, The Reformation of Ritual (London, 1997)
Lionel Rothkrug, Religious practice and collective perceptions (Waterloo, Ont.,
1980)
Michael Carroll, Madonnas That Maim (Baltimore, 1992)
Joseph Herl, Worship wars in early Lutheranism: choir, congregation, and three
centuries of conflict. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004..
David Cressy. Birth, Marriage & Death: Ritual, Religion, and the Life-Cycle in
Tudor and Stuart England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
-19-
Ronald Hutton. The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Craig M. Koslofsky. The Reformation of the Dead: Death and Ritual in Early
Modern Germany, 1450-1700. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.
Keith P. Luria. "Rituals of Conversion: Catholics and Protestants in SeventeenthCentury Poitou." In Culture and Identity in Early Modern Europe (15001800), edited by Barbara B. Diefendorf and Carla Hesse, 65-81. Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 1993.
Robert A. Schneider. The Ceremonial City: Toulouse Observed, 1738-1780.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Moshe Sluhovsky. Patroness of Paris: Rituals of Devotion in Early Modern
France. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
Angelo Torre. "Faith's Boundaries: Ritual and Territory in Rural Piedmont in the
Early Modern Period." In The Politics of Ritual Kinship: Confraternities and
Social Order in early modern Italy, edited by Nicholas Terpstra, 190-209.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Niels Krogh Rasmussen, “Liturgy and Liturgical Arts,” in John O’Malley, ed.,
Catholicism in Early Modern History: A Guide to Research
John Bossy, “The Mass as a Social Institution,” Past & Present 100 (1983): 29-61
Robert Scribner, “Ritual and Popular Religion in Catholic Germany at the Time of
the Reformation,” in his Popular Culture and Popular Movements in
Reformation Germany (London, 1987)
Bodo Nischan, “The Exorcism Controversy and Baptism in the Late Reformation,”
Sixteenth Century Journal 18 (1987): 31-51.
Suzanne Desan, "Crowds, Community, and Ritual in the Work of E. P. Thompson
and Natalie Davis," in The New Cultural History (Berkeley, 1989), ed. Lynn
Hunt, pp. 47-71.
David Cressy. Bonfires and Bells: National Memory and the Protestant Calendar in
Elizabethan and Stuart England. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989.
Karen E. Spierling. Infant Baptism in Reformation Geneva: The Shaping of a
Community, 1536-1564 (Aldershot, 2005)
Broadhead, Philip. "'One Heart and One Soul': The Changing Nature of Public
Worship in Augsburg, 1521-1548." In Studies in Church History, edited by
R.N. Swanson, 1999.
———. "Public Worship, Liturgy and the Introduction of the Lutheran Reformation
in the Territorial Lands of Nuremberg." English Historical Review 120
(2005).
Wandel, Lee Palmer. The Eucharist in the Reformation : Incarnation and Liturgy.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Week 12
Dogma and Instruction
Specimen question: How realistic were the expectations religious reformers had for
ordinary Christians?
Core readings:
-20-
Diarmaid MacCulloch, Reformation: Europe’s House Divided 1490-1700, pp. 58491 (`Telling Out the Word’)
Gerald Strauss, `The Reformation and Its Public in an Age of Orthodoxy’, in R. Pochia Hsia, ed., The German People and the Reformation (Ithaca, 1988), ch. 9
(pp. 194-214)
Marten Micronius, A short and faythful instruction, gathered out of holy Scripture
composed in questions and answeres, for the edifyeng and comfort of the
symple Christianes, whych intende worthely to receyue the holy supper of the
Lorde [Emden : E. van der Erve, 1556?] [EEBO STC (2nd ed.) / 17864]
Reader, items # 109-110, 116-17
Further readings:
Brian G. Armstrong, Calvinism and the Amyraut Heresy: Protestant Scholasticism
and Humanism in Seventeenth-Century France (Madison, 1969), esp. pp. 3142
Richard A. Muller, Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 1: Prolegomena to
Theology (Grand Rapids, 1987), esp. pp. 13-40
Carl Bangs, Arminius: A Study in the Dutch Reformation (1985)
Willem J. van Asselt. "Proterstant scholasticism: some methodological
considerations in the study of its development." Nederlands Archief voor
Kerkgeschiedenis 81 (2001): 265-74.
Erika Rummel. The confessionalization of humanism in Reformation Germany.
Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Gerald Strauss, Luther’s House of Learning (Baltimore, 1978)
James Kittelson, `Success and Failures in the German Reformation: The Report
from Strasbourg’, Archive for Reformation History 73 (1982)
Geoffrey Parker, `Success and Failure During the First Century of the
Reformation’, Past and Present 136 (___)): 43-82
C. Scott Dixon, The Reformation and Rural Society: The Parishes of BrandeburgAnsbach-Kulmbach, 1528-1603 (Cambridge, 1996)
Amy Nelson Burnett. Teaching the Reformation: ministers and their message in
Basel, 1529-1629. Oxford. Oxford University Press, 2006.
Louis Châtellier. The religion of the poor: rural missions in Europe and the
formation of modern Catholicism, c. 1500-c.1800. Cambridge, 1997.
Bodo Nischan. "Lutheran Confessionalization, Preaching, and the Devil." In his
Lutherans and Calvinists in the Age of Confessionalism, item VII. Aldershot:
Ashgate, 1999.
Larissa Taylor, ed. Preachers and people in the Reformations and Early Modern
period. Leiden: Brill, 2001.
Larissa Taylor. "The Good Shepherd: François LePicart (1504-56) and Preaching
Reform from Within." Sixteenth Century Journal 28 (1997): 793-810.
Peter Bayley. French pulpit oratory, 1598-1650. A study in themes and styles, with
a dexcriptive catalogue of printed texts. Cambridge, 1980.
-21-
Katharine J. Lualdi. "Persevering in the Faith: Catholic Worship and Communal
Identity in the Wake of the Edict of Nantes." Sixteenth Century Journal 35,
no. 3 (2004): 717-34.
John O’Malley, Praise and Blame in Renaissance Rome (Durham, 1979)
Karin Maag. Seminary or University? The Genevan Academy and Reformed
Higher Education, 1560-1620. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996.
Joel R. Beeke, Assurance of Faith: Calvin, EnglishPuritanism, and the Dutch
Second Reformation. NY: Peter Lang, 1991.
John Patrick Donnelly, `Italian Influences on the Development of Calvinist
Scholasticism', Sixteenth Century Journal 7 (1976): 81-101
Amy Nelson Burnett, `The Educational Roots of Reformed Scholasticism: Dialectic
and Scriptural Exegesis in the Sixteenth Century', Dutch Review of Church
History (Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis) 84 (2004): 299-317.
Week 13
Religious Violence
Specimen question: To be a good Christian, was one obliged under certain circumstances
to commit acts of violence?
Core readings:
Natalie Davis, “The Rites of Violence,” Past & Present 1973 59(1): 51-91
--reprinted in her Society and Culture in Early Modern France, pp. 152-87
Alastair Duke et al., eds., Calvinism in Europe 1540-1610: A collection of
documents, pp. 111-13
David Potter, ed., The French Wars of Religion: Selected Documents (Basingstoke,
1997), documents # 22-25 (pp. 51-55): violence in Sens and Toulouse
Tryntje Helfferich, ed., The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge,
2009), pp. 14-19 (The Defenestration of Prague)
Further readings:
Benjamin Kaplan, Divided by Faith: Religious Conflict and the Practice of
Toleration in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 2007), chs. 3 & 5
Brad Gregory, Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern Europe
(Cambridge, Mass., 1999)
Mark Greengrass, “The Anatomy of a Religious Riot in Toulouse in May 1562.”
Journal of Ecclesiastical History 34 (1983): 367-91
Craig Koslofsky, “Honour and violence in German Lutheran funerals in the
confessional age,” Social History 20 (1995): 315-37
Mark Greengrass, “The Psychology of Religious Violence,” French History 5
(1991): 467-74
Mack Holt, “Putting Religion Back into the Wars of Religion," French Historical
Studies 18 (1993): 524-51.
Mack Holt, The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 (2nd ed. Cambridge, 2005)
-22-
Barbara Diefendorf, Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots in Sixteenth
Century Paris (New York, 1991)
E. Le Roy Ladurie, Carnival in Romans (New York, 1979)
Luc Racaut. Hatred in Print: Catholic Propaganda and Protestant Identity during
the French Wars of Religion. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002.
H.G. Koenigsberger, "The Organization of Revolutionary Parties in France and the
Netherlands During the Sixteenth Century," Journal of Modern History 27
(1955): 335-51
Diefendorf, Barbara. “Prologue to a Massacre: Popular Unrest in Paris, 1557-1572.”
American Historical Review 90 (1985): 1067-91
Lake, Peter. “Anti-Popery: The Structure of a Prejudice.” In Conflict in Early Stuart
England, edited by Richard Cust and Ann Hughes, 72-106
Wiener, Carol. “This Beleaguered Isle: A Study of Elizabethan and Early Jacobean
Anti-Catholicism.” Past and Present 51 (1971): 27-62
Clifton, Robin. “The Popular Fear of Catholics during the English Revolution.”
Past and Present 52 (1971): 23-55
Penny Roberts. "Contesting sacred space: burial disputes in sixteenth-century
France." In The Place of the Dead: Death and Remembrance in Late
Medieval and Early Modern Europe, edited by Bruce Gordon and Peter
Marshall, 131-48. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Judy Sproxton. Violence and religion attitudes towards militancy in the French civil
wars and the English Revolution. London: Routledge, 1995.
Broadhead, Philip, and Damien Keown, eds. Can faiths make peace? Holy wars
and the resolution of religious conflicts. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.
Levene, Mark, and Penny Roberts, eds. The massacre in history. New York:
Berghahn, 1999.
Carroll, Stuart. Blood and Violence in Early Modern France. Oxford: Oxford UP,
2006.
Greyerz, Kaspar von, and Kim Siebenhüner, eds., Religion und Gewalt. Konflikte,
Rituale, Deutungen (1500-1800). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,
2006. Essays in English by David Sabean, Thomas Brady, Philip Benedict,
Nicholas Canny, and Jay Goodale.
Week 14
Art and Iconoclasm
Specimen question: Was there such a thing as a`Protestant aesthetic’?
Core readings:
Andrew Pettegree, `Art’, in World, ch. 25 (pp. 461-90)
Michael A. Mullett, The Catholic Reformation, ch. 7: `The Catholic Reformation
and the Arts’ (pp. 196-214 – read at least through p. 205)
Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent: On the invocation, veneration, and
relics, of saints, and on sacred images [see Week 8]
Alastair Duke et al., eds., Calvinism in Europe 1540-1610: A collection of
documents, pp. 148-52
-23-
Lucas Cranach the Elder, `Wittenberg Altarpiece’ (1547)
Further readings:
Joseph L. Koerner, The Reformation of the Image (London, 2004)
Bonnie Noble, Lucas Cranach the Elder: Art and Devotion of the German
Reformation
Lee Palmer Wandel, `The Visual Turn in Early Modern German History’, on H-Net
online
Wandel, Lee Palmer. Voracious Idols and Violent Hands: Iconoclasm in
Reformation Zurich, Strasbourg and Basel (Cambridge, 1995)
Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars, Part II
Joseph Koerner, The Reformation of the Image (London, 2004)
Mia Mochizuki, The Netherlandish image after iconoclasm, 1566-1672 : material
religion in the Dutch golden age (Aldershot, 2008)
Robert Scribner, For the Sake of Simple Folk (Cambridge, 1981)
Carlos Eire, War Against the Idols (Cambridge, 1986)
Sergiusz Michalski, The Reformation and the Visual Arts (London, 1993)
Carl Christensen, Art and the Reformation in Germany (Athens, Oh., 1979)
Keith Moxey, Peasants, Warriors and Wives (Chicago, 1989)
Gauvin Bailey, Art on the Jesuit Missions in Asia and Latin America (Toronto,
1999)
Francis Haskell, Patrons and Painters (London, 1963)
Rudolf Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy 1600-1750 (Harmondsworth, 1958)
Eberhard Hempeo, Baroque Art and Architecture in Central Europe
(Harmondsworth, 1965)
E.H. Ter Kuile and H. Gerson, Art and Architecture in Belgium 1600 to 1800
(Harmondsworth, 1960)
Rudolf Wittkower and Irma Jaffe, eds., Baroque Art: The Jesuit Contribution (New
York, 1972)
Steven Ostrow, Art and Spirituality in Counter-Reformation Rome (Cambridge,
1996)
Pamela M. Jones, Federico Borromeo and the Ambrosiana (New York, 1993)
John Phillips, The Reformation of Images (Berkeley, 1973)
Tessa Watt, Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550-1640 (Cambridge, 1991), Part II
Carl Christensen, “Reformation and Art,” in Ozment, ed., Reformation Europe: A
Guide to Research
David Freedberg, “Art and Iconoclasm, 1525-1580: The Case of the Northern
Netherlands,” in W. Th. Kloek et al., eds., Kunst voor de beeldenstorm (The
Hague, 1986)
David Freedberg, Iconoclasm and Painting in the Revolt of the Netherlands, 15661609 (London, 1988)
Margaret Aston. England's Iconoclasts, vol. 1, Laws Against Images. Oxford, 1988.
Michael Wayne Cole, and Rebecca Zorach, eds. The idol in the age of art: objects,
devotions and the early modern world. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009.
Patrick Collinson. From Iconoclasm to Iconophobia: The Cultural Impact of the
Second English Reformation. Reading, 1986.
-24-
C. Göttler. Last Things. Art and the Religious Imagination in the Age of Reform.
Turnhout: Brepols, 2009.
Tara Hamling, and Richard L. Williams. Art Re-formed: Re-assessing the Impact of
the Reformation on the Visual Arts. Oxford: Blackwell, 2007.
Keith P. F. Moxey. Pieter Aertsen, Joachim Beuckelaer, and the Rise of Secular
Painting in the Context of the Reformation. New York, 1977.
Michael O'Connell. The Idolatrous Eye: Iconoclasm and Theater in Early Modern
England. Oxford, 2000.
Alain Saint-Saëns. Art and Faith in Tridentine Spain, 1545-1690. New York, 1995.
Jeffrey Chipp Smith. Sensuous Worship: Jesuits and the Art of the Early Catholic
Reformation. Princeton, 2002
Christopher Tadgell. The Italian Baroque: The Counter Reformation and the
Theatrical Ideal. 2009?
Kasl, Ronda, ed. Sacred Spain: art and belief in the Spanish world. New Haven,
Conn.: Yale University Press, 2009.
Christopher S. Wood. Forgery, Replica, Fiction: Temporalities of German
Renaissance Art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
Week 15
Clergy and Laity
Specimen question: To what extent did popular lay piety conform to church teachings in
the post-Reformation period?
Core readings:
Bruce Gordon, `The New Parish’, in Companion, ch. 24 (pp. 411-25)
Benjamin Kaplan, `Remnants of the Papal Yoke: Apathy and Opposition in the
Dutch Reformation’, Sixteenth Century Journal 25/3 (1994): 653-69.
Lorna Jane Abray, `The Laity’s Religion: Lutheranism in Sixteenth-Century
Strasbourg’, in Hsia, ed., The German People and the Reformation, ch. 10
(pp. 216-32)
George Gifford, A briefe discourse of certaine points of the religion, which is
among the common sort of Christians, which may be termed the countrie
diuinitie With a manifest confutation of the same, after the order of a dialogue
(London, 1598) [EEBO, recommended edition: STC (2nd ed.) / 11847], pp. 118 [images 4-13]
Further readings:
Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century
Miller (2nd ed. Harmondsworth, 1992)
Kaplan, “Remnants of the Papist Yoke: Apathy and Opposition in the Dutch
Reformation,” Sixteenth Century Journal 25 (1994): 653-69
Peter Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe (3rd ed. Burlington, 2009)
Michael Carroll, Madonnas that Maim: Popular Catholicism in Italy since the
Fifteenth Century (Baltimore, 1992)
-25-
Martin Ingram, `Ridings, Rough Music and the “Reform of Popular Culture” in
Early Modern England’, Past and Present 105 (1984): 79-113
Marc Forster, The Counter-Reformation in the Villages: Religion and Reform in the
Bishopric of Speyer, 1560-1720 (Ithaca, 1992)
David Sabean, Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early
Modern Germany (Cambridge, 1984)
Robert Scribner, Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation
Germany
Carlos Eire, From Madrid to Purgatory: The Art and Craft of Dying in SixteenthCentury Spain (Cambridge, 1995)
Paul A. Russell, Lay Theology in the Reformation: Popular Pamphleteers in
Southwester Germany, 1521-1525 (Cambridge, 1986)
Tessa Watt, Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550-1640 (Cambridge, 1991)
Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic
Alexandra Walsham. Providence in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1999.
Donald Weinstein and Rudolph M. Bell, Saints & Society (Chicago, 1982)
James Obelkevich, ed., Religion and the People, 800-1700
Craig Harline, Miracles at the Jesus Oak: Histories of the Supernatural in
Reformation Europe (New York, 2003)
Samuel K. Cohn, Death and Property in Siena (Baltimore, 1988)
Alexandra Walsham, Church Papists: Catholicism, Conformity and Confessional
Polemic in Early Modern England (1993)
Lucien Febvre, The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century: The Religion of
Rabelais
Lorna Jane Abray, The People’s Reformation: Magistrates, Clergy, and Commons
in Strasbourg, 1500-1598 (1985)
R. Po-chia Hsia, Social Discipline in the Reformation, chs. 6 & 8
William A. Christian, Jr., Local Religion in Sixteenth-Century Spain (Princeton,
1981)
Robin Barnes. Prophecy and Gnosis: Apocalypticism in the Wake of the Lutheran
Reformation. Stanford, 1988.
Joseph Bergin. "Between Estate and Profession: The Catholic Parish Clergy of
Early Modern Europe." In Social Orders and Social Classes in Europe since
1500, edited by M.L. Bush, 66-85. New York, 1992.
Ian Green. "`Reformed Pastors' and `Bons Curés': The Changing Role of the Parish
Clergy in Early Modern Europe." In The Ministry: Clerical and Lay, edited by
W. J. Sheils and Diana Woods. Oxford, 1989.
Trevor Johnson. "Blood, Tears and Xavier-Water: Jesuit Missionaries and Popular
Religion in the Eighteenth-Century Upper Palatinate." In Popular Religion in
Germany and Central Europe, 1400-1800, edited by Bob Scribner and Trevor
Johnson, 183-202. London, 1996.
———. "Holy Fabrications: The Catacomb Saints and the Counter-Reformation in
Bavaria." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 47 (1996): 274-96.
Anne Jacobson Schutte. Aspiring Saints: Pretense of Holiness, Inquisition, and
Gender in the Republic of Venice, 1618-1750. Baltimore, 2001.
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Bruce Tolley. Pastors and Parishioners in Württemberg during the late
Reformation, 1581-1621. Stanford, 1995.
André Vauchez. The Religion of the Laity. Notre Dame, 1993.
Week 16
Sin and Confession
Specimen question: Did John Calvin institute a `moral reign of terror’ (Robert Kingdon)
in Geneva?
Core readings:
R. Po-chia Hsia, Social Discipline in the Reformation, ch. 7 (`The moral police’)
(pp. 122-42)
Robert Kingdon, ed., Registers of the Consistory of Geneva in the Time of Calvin,
vol. 1: 1542-1544, pp. 315-43
Further readings:
Robert M. Kingdon, "The Control of Morals in Calvin's Geneva," in The Social
History of the Reformation, ed. L. P. Buck and J. W. Zophy, pp. 3-16.
William Monter, "The Consistory of Geneva, 1559-1569," in Peter de Klerk, ed.,
Renaissance, Reformation, Resurgence.
Judith Pollmann, ` Off the Record: Problems in the Quantification of Calvinist
Church Discipline’, Sixteenth Century Journal 33 (2002): 423-38
John Bossy, Christianity in the West 1400-1700 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 35-56, 115136.
Lawrence Duggan, “Fear and Confession on the Eve of the Reformation,” Archive
for Reformation History 75 (1984): 153-75
Thomas N Tentler. Sin and confession on the eve of the Reformation. Princeton,
1977.
W. David Myers, “Poor, Sinning Folk”: Confession and Conscience in CounterReformation Germany. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1996
Ronald Rittgers, `Anxious Penitents and the Appeal of the Reformation: Ozment
and the Historiography of Confession’, in Kaplan and Forster, eds., Piety and
Family in Early Modern Europe, ch. 4
Wietse de Boer, The Conquest of the Soul: Confession, Discipline, and Public
Order in Counter-Reformation Milan (Leiden, 2001)
Heinz Schilling, `"History of Crime" or "History of Sin"? -- Some Reflections on
the Social History of Early Modern Church Discipline, in Politics and Society
in Reformation Europe, ed. E.I. Kouri and Tom Scott. London, 1987.
Bruce Lenman, "The Limits of Godly Discipline in the Early Modern Period with
Particular Reference to England and Scotland," in Religion and Society in
Early Modern Europe 1500-1800, ed. Kaspar von Greyerz
Christopher Hill, Society and Puritanism in Pre-revolutionary England, esp. chs. 6
&8
R. Po-chia Hsia, Social Discipline in the Reformation
-27-
Andrew Pettegree, Foreign Protestant Communities in Sixteenth-Century London,
ch. 7.
Raymond A. Mentzer, ed., Sin and the Calvinists: Morals Control and the
Consistory in the Reformed Tradition (Kirksville, 1994)
E.W. Monter, "Crime and Punishment in Calvin's Geneva," Archiv für
Reformationsgeschichte 64 (1973), 281-87.
Robert Kingdon, "Protestant Parishes in the Old World and the New: The Cases of
Geneva and Boston," Church History 48 (1979): 290-304.
Michael F. Graham, "Equality before the Kirk? Church Discipline and the Elite in
Reformation-Eras Scotland," Archive for Reformation History 84 (1993): 289310.
Jeannine Olson, Social Control in Calvin's Geneva
Katharine Jackson Lualdi and Anne T Thayer, eds., Penitence in the age of
Reformations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000.
Burnett, Amy Nelson, The yoke of Christ : Martin Bucer and Christian discipline.
Kirksville, Mo., 1994.
Stephen Haliczer. Sexuality in the Confessional: A Sacrament Profaned. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1996.
Mary C Mansfield. The humiliation of sinners public penance in thirteenth-century
France. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Ronald Rittgers. The Reformation of the Keys: Confession, Conscience, and
Authority in Sixteenth-century Germany. Cambridge, Mass., 2003.
Raymond Mentzer, ed. Exclusion and Excommunication in Reformed Europe
(2009).
Week 17
The Holy Household
Specimen question: Was Protestantism more patriarchal than Catholicism?
Core readings:
E. W. Monter, "Protestant Wives, Catholic Saints, and the Devil's Handmaid:
Women in the Age of Reformations," from R. Bridenthal, S. Stuard, and M.
Wiesner, eds., Becoming Visible: Women in European History, 3rd edit., 20319.
Steven Ozment, Magdalena and Balthasar (New York, 1986), pp. 11-109
Further readings:
Natalie Davis, Society and Culture in Early Modern France, ch. 3 (`City Women
and Religious Change’)
Steven Ozment, The Age of Reform, ch. 12
Lyndal Roper, The Holy Household: Women and Morals in Reformation Augsburg
Steven Ozment, When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe
(Cambridge, Mass., 1983)
-28-
Steven Ozment, Flesh and Spirit: Private Life in Early Modern Germany (New
York, 1999)
Jane D. Douglass, "Women and the Continental Reformation" in Religion and
Sexism ed. Rosemary Ruether, 292-318.
Nancy L. Roelker, "The Appeal of Calvinism to French Noblewomen in the
Sixteenth Century," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 2 (1972)
Keith Thomas, "Women and the Civil War Sects," in Trevor Aston, ed., Crisis in
Europe, 1560-1660, pp. 332-57.
Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex, and Marriage in England 1500-1800
Joel F. Harrington, Reordering Marriage and Society in Reformation Germany
(Cambridge, 1995)
Lyndal Roper, "Discipline and Respectability: Prostitution and Reformation in
Augsburg," History Workshop 19 (1985): 3-28
Mary E. Perry, "Deviant Insiders: Legalized Prostitutes and a Consciousness of
Women in Early Modern Seville," Comparative Studies in Society and
History 27 (1985): 138-58
Benjamin Kaplan and Marc Forster, eds., Piety and Family in Early Modern
Europe, part 2
Cressy, David. Birth, Marriage & Death: Ritual, Religion, and the Life-Cycle in
Tudor and Stuart England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Jack Goody, Joan Thirsk & Thompson, eds., Family and Inheritance (Cambridge,
1976)
E. William Monter, "Women in Calvinist Geneva (1550-1800)," Signs (Winter
1980): 189-209.
Margaret King, Women of the Renaissance
Natalie David, Women on the Margins: Three Seventeenth-Century Lives
Merry E. Wiesner, Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe (2000)
Beatrice Gottlieb, The Family in the Western World from the Black Death to the
Industrial Age (1994)
Sherrin Marshall, Women in Reformation and Counter-Reformation Europe
Robert Kingdon, Adultery and Divorce in Calvin’s Geneva (Cambridge, Mass.,
1995)
Thomas M. Safley, Let No Man Put Asunder: The Control of Marriage in the
German Southwest: A Comparative Study, 1550-1600 (Kirksville, 1984)
Susan Amussen, An Ordered Society: Gender and Class in Early Modern England
(Oxford, 1988)
Robert James Bast. Honor your fathers catechisms and the emergence of a
patriarchal ideology in Germany, 1400-1600. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
Thomas Robisheaux. Rural society and the search for order in early modern
Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989.
Week 18
Rich and Poor
Specimen question: Did Max Weber understand correctly what early modern Protestants
meant by the concept of “calling”/”vocation”?
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Core readings:
Kemper Fullerton, `Calvinism and Capitalism: An Explanation of the Weber
Thesis’, in Robert W. Green, ed., Protestantism, Capitalism, and Social
Science: The Weber Thesis Controversy (Toronto, 1973), pp. 8-31
--or much better, read the original: Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the
`Spirit’ of Capitalism, numerous editions and online
MacCulloch, Reformation, pp. 600-607 (`A Spirit of Protestantism?’)
Richard Baxter, A Christian directory, or, A summ of practical theologie and cases
of conscience directing Christians how to use their knowledge and faith, how
to improve all helps and means, and to perform all duties, how to overcome
temptations, and to escape or mortifie every sin (London, 1673) [EEBO Wing
/ B1219], pp. 447-55, 627-33 [image #s 255-9, 351-4]
Further readings:
Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the `Spirit’ of Capitalism and Other
Writings, ed. by Peter Baehr and Gordon C. Wells, pp. ix-xxxii
Robert Jütte, `Poor Relief and Social Discipline in Sixteenth-Century Europe’,
European Studies Review 11 (1981), 25-52
Robert Jütte, Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 1994),
esp. ch. 7: `The reorganization of poor relief’ (pp. 100-142)
Michel Mollat, The Poor in the Middle Ages (New Haven, 1987)
Lee Palmer Wandel, Always Among Us: Images of the Poor in Zwingli’s Zurich
(Cambridge, 1990)
H. Charles Parker, The Reformation of Community
Linda Martz, Poverty and Welfare in Habsburg Spain: The Example of Toledo
(Cambridge, 1983)
Brian Pullan, Rich and Poor in Renaissance Venice (Cambridge, Mass., 1971)
Natalie Davis, `Poor Relief, Humanism, and Heresy’, in her Society and Culture in
Early Modern France, pp. 17-64
Andrew Cunningham, and Ole Peter Grell. Health care and poor relief in
Protestant Europe, 1500-1700. London: Routledge, 1997.
Timothy G Fehler. Poor relief and Protestantism the evolution of social welfare in
sixteenth-century Emden. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.
Ole Peter Grell, Andrew Cunningham, and Jon Arrizabalaga. Health care and poor
relief in Counter-Reformation Europe. London: Routledge, 1999.
Hartmut Lehmann, `Ascetic Protestantism and Economic Rationalism: Max Weber
Revisited after Two Generations’, The Harvard Theological Review 80
(1987), pp. 307-320
Gordon Marshall, In Search of the Spirit of Capitalism (New York, 1982)
R.H. Tawney, Religion and the Rise of Capitalism
Robert Green, ed., Protestantism, Capitalism, and Social Science: The Weber
Thesis Controversy
Hartmut Lehman and Kenneth Ledford, eds., Weber’s Protestant Ethic: Origins,
Evidence, Contexts
Simon Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches
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Brad Gregory, The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution
Secularized Society (Cambridge, Mass., 2012)
Week 19
Thinking with Demons
Specimen question: It was illogical not to believe in witchcraft: discuss.
Core readings:
James A. Sharpe, `Magic and Witchcraft’, in Companion, pp. 440-54
William Perkins, A discourse of the damned art of witchcraft so farre forth as it is
reuealed in the Scriptures, and manifest by true experience (Cambridge, 1608)
[EEBO STC (2nd ed.) / 19697], The Epistle Dedicatorie (unpag.) [images # 29]
Reginald Scot, The Discouerie of Witchcraft (1584) [EEBO STC (2nd ed.) / 21864],
book I, chs. ii, v, vi, ix; book II, chs. i, ix; book III, chs. xviii-xx; book XVI,
chs. i-iii (pp. 4-7, 11-14, 17-18; 19-20, 32-34; 68-72; 470-76)
Further readings:
Brian Levack, `The Great Witch-Hunt’, in Handbook, vol. 2, pp. 607-40 (ch. 20)
Stuart Clark, "Inversion, Misrule and the Meaning of Witchcraft," Past and Present
87 (1980): 98-127.
Alexandra Walsham, Providence in Early Modern England
Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, esp pp. 51-112, 151-66, 253-79,
435-49, 469-77, 493-501
Robin Briggs, Witches & Neighbors
Wolfgang Behringer, The Shaman of Oberstdorf
Robert Muchembled, "The Witches of the Cambrésis," in Religion and the People
800-1700, ed. James Obelkevich, pp. 221-76.
Carlo Ginzburg, The Night Battles
Christina Larner, Enemies of God
Reginald Scot, selection from The Discoverie of Witchcraft (1584), in Alan Kors &
Edward Peters, eds., Witchcraft in Europe 1100-1700: A Documentary
History (Philadelphia, 1972), pp. 314-31
Robin Briggs, Witches and Neighbors (1996)
Brian Levack, The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (1987)
Bengt Ankarloo & Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern European Witchcraft:
Centres and Peripheries (1990), Parts I & II
Carlo Ginzburg, The Night Battles (Eng. trans. London, 1983)
Wolfgang Behringer, Shaman of Oberstdorf (1998)
Stuart Clark, Thinking with Demons: The idea of witchcraft in early modern Europe
(1997)
Carlo Ginzburg, Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches’ Sabbath (1991)
Christina Larner, Enemies of God: the Witch Hunt in Scotland (London, 1981)
-31-
Stuart Clark, “The scientific status of demonology,” in Occult and scientific
mentalities in the Renaissance (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 351-74.
Alan MacFarlane, Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England (1970)
H.C. Erik Midelfort, Witch Hunting in Southwestern Germany, 1562-1684 (1972)
Robert Muchembled, “The Witches of the Cambrésis: The Acculturation of the
Rural World in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,” in James
Obelkevich, ed. Religion and the People 800-1700 (Chapel Hill, 1979
Geoffrey Scarre, Witchcraft and Magic in 16th and 17th Century Europe (2nd ed.
2001)
D.P. Walker, Unclean Spirits
Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany (2004)
Wolfgang Behringer, Witches and witch-hunts: a global history (2004)
Gary K. Waite, Heresy, Magic and Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe
(Basingstoke, 2003)
Week 20
Heretics and Infidels
Specimen question: How differently were “infidels” (non-Christians) treated compared to
Christian “heretics”?
Core readings:
Kaplan, `Coexistence, Conflict, and the Practice of Toleration’, and Miriam Bodian,
`Jews in a Divided Christendom’, in Companion, chs. 28-29 (pp. 471-505)
Manasseh ben Israel, To His Highnesse the Lord Protector of the Common-wealth
of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The humble addresses of Menasseh Ben
Israel, a divine, and doctor of physick, in behalfe of the Jewish nation
(London, 1655) [EEBO Wing (2nd ed.) / M379] (read whole)
Further readings:
General
Kaplan, Benjamin J. Divided by Faith: Religious Conflict and the Practice of
Toleration in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 2007)
“Heretics”
Keith Luria, Sacred Boundaries: Religious Coexistence and Conflict in EarlyModern France. Washington, D.C., 2005.
Alexandra Walsham, Charitable hatred: Tolerance and intolerance in England,
1500-1700 (Manchester, 2006)
Stuart B. Schwartz. All can be saved: religious tolerance and salvation in the
Iberian Atlantic world. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
-32-
Kymlicka,Will. "Two Models of Pluralism andTolerance." In Toleration: An
Elusive Virtue, ed. David Heyd, 81-105. Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress,
1996. (Focus on first part of article, on the two models.)
John Coffey. "Milton, Locke and the New History of Toleration." Modern
Intellectual History 5 (2008): 619-32.
Grell, Ole Peter & Bob Scribner, eds., Tolerance and intolerance in the European
Reformation (Cambridge, 1996)
C. Scott Dixon, Dagmar Freist, and Mark Greengrass, eds. Living with religious
diversity in early modern Europe. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009.
Gregory, Brad Stephan. Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern
Europe. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Hanlon, Gregory. Confession and Community in Seventeenth-Century France:
Catholic and Protestant Coexistence in Aquitaine.
Anton Schindling,“Neighbours of a Different Faith: Confessional coexistence and
parity in theterritorial states and towns of the Empire,” in Bussmann and
Schilling, eds., 1648: War and Peace in Europe,vol. 1, pp. 465-73
Grossmann, Walter.“Religious toleration in Germany,1684 [1648] -1750.” Studies
on Voltaire and the eighteenth century 201 (1982): 115-41 – can read just first
part, pp. 115-27
Joachim Whaley, Religious Toleration and SocialChange in Hamburg, 1529-1819
R. Po-chia Hsia and H. F. K. Van Nierop, eds., Calvinism and Religious Toleration
in the Dutch Golden Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Tazbir, Janusz. A State Without Stakes: Polish Religious Toleration in the Sixteenth
and Seventeenth Centuries. New York: Kosciuszko Foundation, 1973.
Muslims
Lewis, Bernard. Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of
Discovery. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Goffman, Daniel. The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Kadafar, Cemal. "The Ottomans and Europe." In Handbook, 589-635.
Linda T. Darling. "Rethinking Europe and the Islamic World in the Age of
Exploration." Journal of Early Modern History 2, no. 3 (1998): 221-46.
Kaplan, Benjamin J. Muslims in the Dutch Golden Age: Representations and
Realities of Religious Toleration. Amsterdam, 2007.
Matar, Nabil. Islam in Britain, 1558-1685. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1998.
Greene, Molly. A Shared World: Christians and Muslims in the Early Modern
Mediterranean. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Bartolomé Bennassar, and Lucile Bennassar. Les chrétiens d'Allah: l'histoire
extraordinaire des renégats, XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Paris: Perrin, 1989.
Jews
Robert Bonfil, `Aliens Within: The Jews and Antijudaism’, in Handbook, vol. 1, pp.
263-302.
-33-
Gavin Langmuir, Toward a Definition of Antisemitism, pp. 1-17, 301-10
Leon Poliakov, The History of Anti-Semitism. Esp. chs. 8-10 (France, England,
Germany)
Friedman, Jerome. “Jewish Conversion and the Spanish Pure Blood Laws: A
Revisionist View of Racial Antisemitism.” Sixteenth Century Journal 18
(1987): 4-29
Brian Pullan, The Jews of Europe and the Inquisition of Venice, 1550-1670
Ronnie Hsia, The Myth of Ritual Murder
Friedman, Jerome. "Jewish Conversion and the Spanish Pure Blood Laws: A
Revisionist View of Racial Antisemitism." Sixteenth Century Journal 18
(1987): 4-29.
Schama, Simon. "A Different Jerusalem: The Jews in Rembrandt's
Amsterdam." In The Jews in the Age of Rembrandt, 3-17. 1981.
Israel, Jonathan I. European Jewry in the Age of Mercantilism 1550-1750. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1989.
Bonfil, Robert. Jewish Life in Renaissance Italy. Berkeley, 1994.
Ruderman, David B., ed. Essential papers on Jewish culture in Renaissance and
baroque Italy. New York, 1992. Especially articles by Ravid (the term
ghetto)Ruderman (science), Cohen (apologetics), Stow (Roman ghetto),
Bonfil (Kabbalah)
Bodian, Miriam. "`Men of the Nation`: The Shaping of Converso Identity in Early
Modern Europe." Past and Present 143 (1994): 48-76.
Bodian, Miriam. Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in
Early Modern Amsterdam. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
Lewis, Bernard. Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of
Discovery. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Melammed, Renee Levine. Heretics or Daughters of Israel? The Crypto-Jewish
Women of Castile. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Barnett, R. D., and W. M. Schwab, eds. The Sephardi Heritage: Essays on the
History and Cultural Contribution of the Jews of Spain and Portugal, vol. 2:
The Western Sephardim. Grendon, Northants: Gibraltar Books, 1989.
Polonsky, Anthony, Jakub Basista, and Andrzej Link-Lenczkowski, eds. The Jews
in Old Poland: Jewish community in the Poland-Lithuania commonwealth,
100-1795. London: I. B. Tauris, 1993.
The Life of Glückel of Hameln, 1646-1724 trans. Beth-Zion Abrahams. London:
East and West Library, 1962.
Stow, Kenneth. Theater of Acculturation: The Roman Ghetto in the 16th
Century. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
Stow, Kenneth R. Catholic thought and papal Jewry policy, 1555-1593 . New
York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1977.
Davis, Robert C., and Benjamin C. I. Ravid, eds. The Jews of early modern
Venice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. See especially
Donatella Calabi, `The “City of the Jews”’ pp. 31-49
Garcia-Arenal, Mercedes, and G. Wiegers. A Man of Three Worlds. Samuel
Pallache, a Moroccan Jew in Catholic and Protestant Europe. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
-34-
Kaplan, Yosef. From Christianity to Judaism: the Story of Isaac Orobio de
Castro trans. Raphael Loewe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989 .
Pullan, Brian. The Jews of Europe and the Inquisition of Venice, 15501670. London: I.B. Tauris, 1997.
Cohen, Mark R., ed. The Autobiography of a Seventeenth-Century Venetian Rabbi:
Leon Modena's Life of Judah. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
Katz, Jacob. Out of the Ghetto: The Social Background of Jewish Emancipation,
1770-1870. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973.
Hsia, R. Po-chia, and Hartmut Lehmann, eds. In and Out of the Ghetto: JewishGentile Relations in Late Medieval and Early Modern
Germany. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 1995. Especially
chapters by Yacov Guggenheim (the poor) and Robert Jütte (physicians)
Edwards, John. "Race and Religion in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Spain: The
`Purity of Blood' Laws Revisited." Proceedings of the Tenth World Congress
of Jewish Studies B/2 (1990): 159-66. To be read in conjunction with
Friedman.
Oberman, Heiko. The Roots of Antisemitism. Philadelphia, 1981.
Hsia, R. Po-Chia. Trent 1475: Stories of a Ritual Murder. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1992.
Ravid, Benjamin. Studies on the Jews of Venice, 1382-1797. Aldershot: Ashgate,
2003. See especially "Curfew Time in the Ghetto of Venice"