LABORATORY GUIDE
NATURAL SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GIMNASIO LOS PINOS
Elaboro: Jefe Ciencias
Aprobó: Dir SGC
Fecha de
emisión:
9-Jun-10
Código:
GCU-LAB-03
Versión.1
Página 1 de 2
LABORATORY GUIDE
No. 1.2
CELLS
TEACHER:____________________________GRADE: 5th
DATE: ____________________
GROUP NAMES:
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OBJETIVE:
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Explore different kind of cells, its organelles and forms
Identify the importance in observation skills to differentiate things.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
The invention of the microscope in the late 1500s revealed to early scientists a whole new world of tiny cells. Most cells are so small that they
cannot be seen without a microscope. The discoveries of scientists from the 1600s through the 1800s led to the cell theory, which is a unifying
concept of biology. The cell theory has three major principles:
• All organisms are made of cells.
• All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
• The cell is the most basic unit of life.
All cells can be divided into two major groups: prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells. The main differences between the two kinds of cells are in their
structure:
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus defined by a membrane, while prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA, or genetic
information, is found in the nucleus. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found in the cytoplasm, the jellylike substance that fills both types of cells.
Eukaryotic cells have organelles, structures that perform jobs for a cell. Most organelles are surrounded by membranes. Prokaryotic cells do not
have organelles surrounded by membranes.
Prokaryotic cells make up organisms called prokaryotes. All prokaryotes are tiny and consist of single cells. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
You are an eukaryote cell, as are plants and some types of single-celled organisms. All multicellular organisms, or organisms that have many cells,
are eukaryotes.
Also if you compare a cell from a plant and an animal cell you will see that Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For
example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have
fixed rectangular shapes.
PRE- LAB ACTIVITY
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Make a comparative chart in your notebook between animal cell and plant cells.
Read the next information about organelles and apply the structure organization and function to a business proposal according to the
chosen project and write it down in a chart .Remember each group has to add this to the project folder. (Read the project to remember the
guidelines for this deliverable work).
CELLS ORGANELLES (Organelles are small organs within a cell)
ORGANELLE
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Lisosome
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Endoplasmis recticulum
Golgi apparatus
FUNCTION
Is the cell control center. It controls all the cells activities.
It releases energy from food. It converts energy stored in food.
It is the jelly like substance that contains chemicals to keep the cell functioning. It
contains sugars, salts, proteins and aminoacids.
It contains enzymes that help in the digestion of nutrients and other materials.
A thin covering that holds the cells together. It allows water and dissolved materials
to pass in and out the cell.
It stores food, water and wastes. It is filled with a liquid that contains various
substances.
It is present just on Plant Cells. It is a ridig layer that supports and protects the cell. It
gives the cell its shape.
It is a small protein. It is in charge of making/building the structure within the cell.
It is present just on Plant Cells. It makes food for the plant cell. It contains the green
colored pigment: chrolophyll.
It is the high way of the cell because materials travel along it throughout the cell.
They are label molecules made in the endoplasmic recticulum with tags that specify
their destinations.
LABORATORY GUIDE
NATURAL SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GIMNASIO LOS PINOS
Elaboro: Jefe Ciencias
Aprobó: Dir SGC
Fecha de
emisión:
9-Jun-10
Código:
GCU-LAB-03
Versión.1
Página 2 de 2
LABORATORY PRACTICE
MATERIALS:
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Microscopes by groups
Onion Swabs
Insect Swabs
Plastic gloves
Methylane blue
Facemasks
Lab coat
PROCESS AND ACTIVITIES
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Slide # 1
ONION SKIN
Observe the onion swabs using the microscope
In your notebook draw an onion cell
Describe the cell .( color, shape, number of nucleus, what else can you see?)
Slide # 2
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ANIMAL PART ( insect)
Observe the animal swabs using the microscope
In your notebook draw an animal cell
Describe the cell .( color, shape, number of nucleus, what else can you see?)
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
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Compare both experiences and answer in your notebook
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What are the main differences between the slide #1 and slide #2? Compare them in all aspects
Draw a comparative chart taking into account color, shape, size, nucleus, organelles( if you saw some with the microscope)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.az-microscope.on.ca/history.htm
http://homeschooling.about.com
http://sciencespot.net
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Animal_Cell_vs_Plant_Cell