FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF
ORAL FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLET OF
LISINOPRIL MALEATE
Hira Ijaz*1, Ayesha Sethi 1, Junaid Qureshi 1, Naveed Anwar2, Mehmood
Ahmad3, Farzana Chaudry4
1
College of Pharmacy, Govt. College University Faisalabad,
Pakistan,2Faisalabad Intitute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 3Dean,
Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University
Bahawalpur, Pakistan, 4Director university of veterinary and animal
sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
*
Corresponding Author’s Phone: +92-3457808041,Email:pharmacisthira@gmail.com
Abstract
The objective of the study was to design fast dissolving tablets of lisinopril
maleate were prepared using different superdisintegrants. Superdisintegrants
like SSG and CC-Na were used for preparation of oral dispersible lisinopril
maleate tablet by direct compression method. Polymers were used alone or in
combination for preparation of oral dispersible tablet. FDTs were evaluated
for physicochemical properties and in vitro dissolution. Effect of disintegrant
on disintegration behaviour of tablet in 0.1N HCl was evaluated. The drug
release
from
FDTs
increased
with
increasing
concentration
of
superdisintegrants and was found to be highest with formulations containing
combination of SSG and CC-Na. However Formulation L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,
L6, L7 and L8 showed 76.38%, 72.2%, 63.8%, 84.7%, 76.3% 63.8%, 91.6%
and 81.9% drug release after 10min. Formulation L7 a combination of 2%
SSG and 3% CC-Na was selected.
Key words: Lisinopril maleate, sodium starch glycolate, cross carmellose
sodium, FDTs, Direct compression
1
basedydisintegrants1.
1. Introduction
Orally administered dosage forms
Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs)
have
received
e.g. tablets, capsules are
ever-increasing
convenient for many drugs but
demand during the last decade,
they are challenging to formulate
and the field has become a rapidly
growing
area
pharmaceutical
in
the
industry.
Upon
if the active substance has poor
dissolution or low bioavailability.
Polymer
introduction into the mouth, these
and
the mouth in the absence of
water
administration
for
of
of
several
formulations
and thus offer an alternate form of
in
oral medication, which provide
FDT
patients with a more convenient
means of taking their medication7.
and
Lisinopril is lysine derivative of
technologieslhavegdevelopedgntoj
enalapril8,9.
achievemfastkdissolution/dispersi
technologies
enzyme.
based
vasoconstrictor.
the FDT properties, such as spray-
and
use
peptidyl
which
inhibits
Angiotensin
II
causes the release of aldosterone
treatment,
of
is
angiotensin II which is potent
well as approaches to enhancing
sintering,
competitive
conversion of angiotensin I into
sublimation, and compaction, as
moisture
is
ACE
dipeptidase
onjlyophilization,dmolding,
drying,
It
inhibitor of angiotensin converting
on of tablets in the oral cavity.
FDT
of
overcome all the above problems
technologies.
Various
masking
mouth or orodispersible tablets
popularity and usefulness of the
development
taste
The rapidly disintegrating tablet in
active
resulted
the
bitter taste drugs2,3,4,5,6.
easy
pharmaceutical ingredients. The
formulation
enables
formulation of mouth dissolving
tablets dissolve or disintegrate in
additional
coating
from
sugar2
adrenal
cortex.
It
also
decreases the vesopressor activity
Aspartam were gifted by Unexo
10,11
Labs Pvt Ltd Lahore.
.
Formula
of
lisinopril
is
2.1 Methodology
C21H31N3O5, 2H2O. Lisinopril is
angiotensin
2.1.1 Preparation of Lisinopril
converting enzyme
maleate oral dispersible tablet.
inhibitor. Lisinopril is 98.5 101.5% (anhydrous substance).
Lisinopril and microcrystalline
Lisinopril belongs to BCS Class
cellulose
III drug (High solubility and low
disintegrant in pestle and mortar
permeability). Lisinopril maleate
for
is
through
white
or
almost
white,
15
were
minutes,
sieve
mixed
then
with
passed
no
60.Then
crystalline powder. It is soluble in
erythrosine red was added and
water,
compressed using 6mm punch.
sparingly
soluble
in
The blend was mixed with
methanol, practically insoluble in
acetone and in anhydrous ethanol.
cab-O-sil and magnesium stearate.
12
2.2 Pre-compression parameter
2. Materials and method
Bulk density
Lisinopril maleate (ACE inhibitor)
Tapped density
was
Haussner’s Ratio
gifted
Therapeutics
Sodium
by
Razee
Pvt
starch
Crosscarmellose
Ltd
&
Carr’s Index
Lahore.
glycolate
and
sodium
were
Angle of repose
2.2.1 Bulk density
gifted by Werrick pharmaceuticals
Bulk density was evaluated by
Pvt Ltd. Islamabad. Cab-O-sil,
separately
Magnesiumhstreate,
Microcrystalline
cellulose
weighting
lisinopril
maleate formulations. Separately
and
transferred
3
pre-sieved
powder
blend in to 100ml volumetric
Haussner’s Ratio = Tapped
cylinder and measured the initial
density / Bulk density
volume of powder. Then bulk
Carr’s Index and Haussner’s Ratio
density was calculated 13, 14, 15.
are simple and fast method to
detect flow properties of powder.16
Bulk density = Mass of granules /
Volume of granules
2.2.5 Angle of Repose
2.2.2 Tapped density
Angle of repose for blend of
Tapped density was determined by
formulations of lisinopril maleate
tapping the volumetric cylinder for
was determined by using fixed
specified period of time initially
funnel method.17,18
and measure tap density by using
tan θ = h / r
formula. 13,14,15
h= Height of heap
Tapped density = Mass of
r = Radius of heap
granules / Tapped volume of
𝜃 = Angle of repose
granules
2.3 Post compression
2.2.3 Carr’s Index
parameters of lisinopril maleate
Compressibility was found by
Physical properties
using formula. 16
Thickness
Diameter
C.I = Tapped density – Bulk
Weight variation
density / Tapped density
Hardness test
Friability test
2.2.4 Haussner’s Ratio
Drug content uniformity
Wetting time
It is the number related to
Disintegration time
flowability of granules. 16
4
In-vitro dissolution studies
Average weight of all tablets was
2.3.1 Post compression
calculated. Weight individual
parameters
tablets. Then compared the
individual weight of tablet with
2.3.1.1 Physical Appearance
average weight and calculated
weight variation.22,23
Tablets were evaluated for shape,
size and colour.
2.3.1.5 Friability
2.3.1.2 Thickness
Randomly pre-weighted and
Ten tablets were taken and
dusting 20 tablets were transferred
thickness was determined by using
to plastic chamber of friabilator.
digital vernier caliper.
Friabilator was operated at 25rpm
for 4min and tablets were dropped
2.3.1.3 Hardness
at distance of 6 inches with each
Hardness is defined as force
revolution. Friabiliator was
required for breaking the tablet.
revolved for 100 revolutions, after
Hardness was determined by using
which tablets were again dusted
hardness tester. Ten tablets were
and weighted. Calculate %age
taken from each formulation and
weight loss. Percentage friability
hardness was determined using
was calculated by using formula.24
hardness tester. Crushing strength
% age friability = Initial weight –
is measure in Kg/cm2. Crushing
Final weight × 100 / Initial weight
strength is average pressure apply
to break tablet.19,20,21
2.3.1.6 Drug content uniformity
2.3.1.4 Weight variation
Six tablets were grinded and
weighted in pestle and mortar.
Twenty tablets were accurately
Transfer 50 mg drug to 50ml of
weighted on analytical balance.
0.1 N HCl to prepare stock
5
solution (1000mcg/ml). Then
operated for specified period of
10ml of stock solution was drawn
time using at 370C. Then time
and diluted with 100ml of 0.1 N
required by tablet to disintegrate
HCl (100mcg/ml). At the end 2ml
was calculated calculated.26,27,28
from stock solution was drawn
2.3.1.9 In-vitro drug release
and diluted to 10ml. Check
studies of Lisinopril maleate
absorbance at 215nm by using
In-vitro
UV- Visible spectrophotometer at
215nm.10
drug
release studies of lisinopril tablets
were carried out by using USP
2.3.1.7 Wetting time
Type II Dissolution Apparatus.
Five Petri dishes were taken and
Dissolution test was carried out by
put circular tissue papers of 10cm
using
diameter in them. In petri dishes
(pH=1.2) at 37±0.20C at 50 rpm
put 10ml of water having
for lisinopril maleate. Aliquot of
temperature of 37±0.5 0C contain
solution was drawn at 10, 15, 20,
a water soluble dye. Put six tablets
30, 40, 50 and 60 min. Sample
from each formulation on the
was filtered through whatmann
surface of tissue paper in each
filter and then diluted with the
petri dish and time required for
dissolution medium. Aliquot of
water to reach the upper surface of
solution withdrawn was replaced
tablet is noted as wetting time. 25
with fresh dissolution medium to
900ml
of
0.1N
HCl
maintain constant volume. Check
absorbance spectrometrically at λ
2.3.1.8 Disintegration test
max
Disintegration time was evaluated
215nm
maleate.21,25,29,30
by using disintegration apparatus.
One tablet was placed in each six
baskets, disk was inserted and
6
for
lisinopril
DrugRelease=
3.2Post compression parameters
(absorbance of the sample) ×
of lisinopril maleate
100/
3.2.1 General Appearance
(absorbance of the standard)
Lisinopril maleate Tablets
3. Results
Tablets were evaluated for size,
3.1 Pre-compression parameters
shape, color variation, unwanted
of lisinopril maleate
foreign particles, damage etc.
Blend of lisinopril maleate
tablets were found to be of good
formulations were evaluated for
texture and free of any
bulk density, tapped density,
inadequacy.
hausner’s ratio, cars index. Results
3.2.2 Thickness and Diameter
of bulk density are shown in table
test for lisinopril maleate tablets
4.1. Bulk density was within the
range of 0.21-0.26. Tapped
20 Tablets from each batch were
density was in range of 0.26-0.32.
selected randomly and tested for
Hausner’s ratio was in range of
thickness and diameter with the
1.22-1.24 Lisinopril maleate
help of Vernier calipers and it was
showed excellent flow properties.
found that tablets from each batch
Carr’s index was in between 18-
were of uniform dimensions as
19. Angle of repose was found by
shown in table
using fixed funnel method. Results
3.2.3Uniformity of Mass of
were in acceptable range, which
lisinopril maleateTablet
0.
fall in between 20-23 This
showed powder has excellent flow
20 tablets were randomly selected
properties.
from each batch, weighed
individually on digital balance and
average mass was calculated
7
6 and 7 showed that formulation
L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and L8
3.2.4 Friability Test of lisinopril
showed 76.38%, 72.2%, 63.8%,
maleate
84.7%, 76.3% 63.8%, 91.6% and
Twenty tablets were taken from
81.9% drug release. In-vitro
each formulation. All the tablets
dissolution studies of formulation
were weighted accurately. Tablets
L7 showed that 100% drug release
were placed in the friabilator.
after 30min.
Friabilator was rotated at 25rpm
Formulation L1 containing 5%
for 4min. After removing tablets
SSG showed 98.6% drug release
were de- dusted and weighted
after 40min which was due to
again. Then Calculated the %age
enormous swelling followed by
weight loss. All formulations
rapid disintegration. As
showed less than 1% weight loss,
concentration of SSG decreased to
which are within range.
4% and 3% drug disintegration
Oral dispersible lisinopril was
occured after 50min and 60min
prepared using different
Formulations L4, L5, L6
concentration of
containing 5%, 3% and 2% CC-
superdisintegrants like SSG and
Na showed 98.6% drug release
CC-sodium. Tablet thickness,
with in 40min, 50min and 60min
diameter and hardness found to be
respectively which may be due to
in acceptable range. Drug contents
rapid water uptake and strong
were in between 93.9-99.1%. In-
swelling of disintegrant. But
vitro disintegration time fall
during formulation of lisinopril
between 22-52min. Formulation
layer 5% and 4% SSG and CC-Na
L7 containing 3% CC-sodium and
showed 98.6% drug release in 40
2% SSG showed least
and 50min. However the
disintegration time of 22 sec. Fig.
formulation L7 containing
8
combination of superdisintegrants
SSG and CC-Na showed 98.6-
2% SSG and 3% CC-Na gaves
100% drug release within 30min.
fast results.The formulation L7
Both L7 and L8 gave excellent
containing 2% SSG and 3% CC-
results
Na showed that 91.6% drug
4 Conclusions
release occur after 10min and
formulation L8 containing 5%
Oral dispersible tablet was
SSG and 3% CC-Na showed
prepared to provide immediate
81.9% drug release after 10min.
release effect of lisinopril maleate.
So the formulation L7 and L8
Superdisintegrants like SSG and
showed maximun release after
CC-Na were used for preparation
10min. In-vitro drug release study
of oral dispersible lisinopril
of lisinopril maleate showed rank
maleate tablet. Polymers were
order of CC-Na > SSG. As the
used alone or in combination for
concentration of superdisintegrant
preparation of oral dispersible
increased drug disintegration
tablet. Direct compression method
occured in short time. Hence
was used. In the present study it
based upon in-vitro disintegration
can be concluded from the
time and dissolution time L7 was
characterization of fast dissolving
selected for formation of lisinopril
tablets of lisinopril maleate that
layer. Lisinopril tablets prepared
formulation containing
using SSG showed 94.4-98.6%
combination of SSG and CC-Na
drug release occur within 40-
is most acceptable. Further in
50min where as lisinopril tablets
vivo studies in human volunteers
prepared using CC-Na showed
are required to correlate in vitro
98.6% drug release within 40-
release data.
60min where as formulations L7
5.Acknowledgement
and L8 containing combination of
9
The authors are grateful to Razee
Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd Lahore
& Therapeutics Pvt Ltd Lahore,
for providing chemicals. Authors
Werrick Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd
are thankful to their parents also
Islamabad and Unexo
for their moral support.
Table: 1. Composition of lisinopril maleate oral fast disintegrating
tablets.
Batch Code L1
Lisinopril
8.3%
SSG
5%
CC-Na
-
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
8.3%
8.3%
8.3%
-
8.3%
-
8.3%
-
8.3%
8.3%
4%
-
3%
-
2%
3%
5%
4%
3%
3%
2%
Mg-Stearate
4.1%
4.1%
4.1%
4.1%
4.1%
4.1%
4.1%
4.1%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
80.1
81.1% 82.1% 80.1% 80.1%
Cab-O-sil
Aspartum
MCC
80.1% 81.1% 82.1%
Sodium Starch Glycolate, Cross carmellose sodium, Microcrystaline cellulose
10
Table 2 Pre-compression parameters of lisinopril maleate
Batch
Code
Bulk
Density±SD
Tapped
Density±SD
Hausner’s
Ratio±SD
Car’s Index±SD Angle Of
Repose±SD
L1
0.24±0.012
0.31±0.025
1.29±0.005
22.58±0.015
22.17±0.718
L2
0.20±0.014
0.32±0.020
1.60±0.208
37.5±0.288
22.32±0.582
L3
0.22±0.011
0.34±0.015
1.54±0.011
35.29±0.538
27.87±1.019
L4
0.27±0.015
0.35±0.014
1.29±0.015
22.85±0.557
21.9±0.133
L5
0.23±0.010
0.34±0.030
1.47±0.010
32.35±0.870
23.14±0.251
L6
0.25±0.028
0.38±0.015
1.52±0.017
34.21±0.530
23.47±0.501
L7
0.21±0.028
0.36±0.021
1.71±0.011
41.66±0.912
30.04±0.628
L8
0.26±0.028
0.32±0.005
1.23±0.026
18.75±0.598
22.43±0.987
Table 3 Post-compression parameters of lisinopril maleate
Post compression parameters of Lisinopril maleate
Batch
Code
Thickness±SD
(mm)
Diameter±SD
(mm)
Weight
variation ±SD
Hardness±SD
(kg/cm2)
L1
3.58±0.125
6±0.123
120.53±1.184
4.21±0.052
L2
3.53±0.387
6±0.122
120.62±1.425
4.7±0.08
L3
3.65±0.180
6±0.232
121.01±1.593
4.44±0.072
L4
3.34±0.040
6±0.163
120.62±1.246
4.66±0.057
L5
3.30±0.026
6±0.244
120.43±0.783
4.27±0.02
L6
3.33±0.015
6±0.334
120.72±0.784
4.32±0.053
L7
3.33±0.041
6±0.297
120.72±0.479
4.55±0.05
11
L8
3.42±0.083
120.45±0.643
6±0.465
4.3±0.047
Table: 4 Post compression parameters of Lisinopril maleate
Batch
Code
Percentage
friability
(%age)
L1
0.82±0.095
Drug
content
uniformity
99.1%±0.012
Wetting
time(sec)
In-vitro
disintegration time
(sec)
27±0.095 33±0.052
L2
0.65±0.464 97.4%±0.342
33±0.053
L3
0.74±0.034 96.6%±0.987
45±0.034 52±0.874
L4
0.98±0.256 97.5%±0.782
28±0.054 33±0.154
L5
0.65±0.368 95.7%±0.562
36±1.005 42±0.987
L6
0.90±0.763 98.0%±0.132
21±0.098 26±0.0543
L7
0.98±0.034 93.9%±0.087
17±0.432 22±0.987
L8
0.74±0.0457 95.3%±0.063
20±0.876 24±0.346
37±0.132
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.3
4.2
L6
L5
4.7
4.2
4.4
4.1
4
3.8
L8
L7
L4
L3
L2
Hardness(kg/cm2)
Figure:1 Hardness of lisinopril maleate
12
L1
Drug
content uniformity
Drug
content uniformity…
98.00%
95.30%
L8
95.70%
93.90%
L7
L6
L5
97.50% 96.60% 97.40%
L4
L3
99.10%
L2
Figure: 2 Drug content uniformity of lisinopril maleate
0.74
L8
0.98
L7
0.9
L6
0.98
0.65
L5
L4
0.74 0.65 0.82
L3
L2
L1
Percentage friability
Figure: 3 Friability of lisinopril maleate
13
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
L1
Wetting time(sec)
Wetting time(sec)
45
36
20
17
21
L8
L7
L6
28
L5
L4
L3
31
27
L2
L1
Figure: 4 Wetting time of lisinopril maleate
In-vitro disintegration time
42
24
22
26
L8
L7
L6
L5
52
33
L4
L3
37
33
L2
L1
Figure: 5 Disintegration time of lisinopril maleate
14
120%
100%
Percentage
Drug
Release
80%
60%
L1
40%
L2
L3
L4
20%
0%
0
20
Time
40
60
80
Figure: 6 Percentage drug release from formulation L1-L4
120%
100%
80%
Percentage
60%
Drug Release
L5
L6
L7
L8
40%
20%
0%
0
20
40
Time
60
80
Figure: 7 Percentage drug release from formulation L5L8 in 0.1N HCl
15
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