ECOLOGY REVIEW SHEET
Name ___________________________
Matching: Match the following terms with the correct statement. Each statement will be
used only once.
A. One organism benefits without harming the
Heterotroph
1. __F__
other
Secondary Succession 2. __D__ B. Non-Native species that dominates an
Ecology
3. __C__
ecosystem
Prey
4. __N__ C. Study of organisms and their environment
Carnivore
5. __J__ D. Gradual replacement of one community by
Autotroph
6. __H__
another in an area with existing soil
Parasitism
7. __G__ E. A relationship in which both organisms benefit
Commensalism
8. __A__ F. Organism that cannot make their own food
Herbivore
9. __O__ G. A relationship in which one organism benefits
Mutualism
10. __E__
but harms the other
Decomposer
11. __K__ H. Organism that can make their own food
Omnivore
12. __M__ I. An organism that hunts
Predator
13. __I__ J. Organism that eats only meat
Limiting Factor
14. __L__ K. Organism that breaks down dead material
Invasive Species____ 15, _B__ L. Any biotic/abiotic item that restricts growth
distribution of organisms
M. Organism that eats both plant and animals
N. Organism that is hunted
O. An organism that eats only plants
Use the following diagram to answer the following questions.
Grass
Caterpillar
Bird
Mouse
Snake
Grasshopper
Frog
Owl
16. What is the producer in the food web above?
17. Energy flows from the mouse to the Owl
18. The primary consumers are
Grass
and Snake
Caterpillar ,
19. The secondary consumers are Bird ,
Mouse , Grasshopper
Snake
, and
Frog
.
.
20. The owl is a secondary consumer if it eats the
Mouse
, but a tertiary (third
order) consumer if it eats the Bird ,
Snake
, or ___Frog_______
.
21. As matter and energy move from grasses to owl, the amount of available energy
always (increases, decreases) but the population size may increase or decrease.
DECREASES
22. Fill-in the four levels of the energy pyramid diagram below with the following
information: the trophic level, the niche of the organism that occupies each trophic
level, and the amount of energy available at each trophic level.
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Primary Producer
23.
Sun
23.Based on the energy pyramid diagram above, the greatest amount of energy (and
biomass) in a healthy ecosystem will be found in the ____primary producers____.
24.Based on the energy pyramid diagram above, there is about 100 times more energy
stored in Trophic Level A than in ____Level C_______.
For the following questions, Use the legend below
E= Exponential Growth
L= Logistic Growth
25. This type of growth tends to level off upon the carrying capacity. __L___
26. This type of growth has a period of steady growth. __L___
27. This type of growth is more realistic and true. __L___
28. This type of growth keeps growing forever if unchecked. __E___
SHORT ANSWER
29.Explain what the carrying capacity is in a logistic growth curve.
Carrying Capacity is the point of leveling off after the period of exponential
growth. It represents the amount of organisms that an ecosystem can sustain.
30.List the 5 levels of biological organization from smallest to largest.
Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere
31.Explain the difference between a niche and habitat.
a. Niche: the role the organism plays in its environment/ecosystem
b. Habitat: the environment/place where the organism lives
32. List 3 types of symbiotic relationships and give examples of each.
a.
Commensalism
example: Clown fish and Anemone
b.
Parasitism
example: Flea and a Cat
c.
Mutualism
example: Birds that pick bugs off of Buffalo
33.Compare and contrast a food chain and a food web.
a. Food Chain: single string of feeding movements in a food web.
b. Food Web: a bunch of food chains intertwined with each other in an
ecosystem
34.Explain how Eubacteria and Fungi are important in recycling of nutrients in the
environment.
They are both decomposers and help recycle nutrients by breaking them down.
35.What is the difference between a limiting factor and carrying capacity?
A limiting factor is something affects (limits) population growth whereas
carrying capacity is point where an ecosystem cannot sustain any more
organisms.
36.Compare and contrast primary and secondary succession.
a. Primary: Succession where there is only rock and no soil present,
weathering and erosion break down rock and lichens move in as the
pioneer species. Takes a long, long time.
b. Secondary: Succession after a major disaster such as a forest fire; soil is
present. Pioneer species would be annual wildflowers and takes a much
shorter time than primary succession.
37.What is the first thing to appear AFTER a natural disaster, such as a forest fire, has
devastated an ecosystem?
annual wildflowers and weeds
38.Compare and contrast density- dependent and density independent factors.
a. Density- dependent: as population increases, so does the effect of these.
Examples: competition for food, water, space, and disease.
b. Density- independent: happens regardless of population size. Examples are
tornadoes, forest fires, hurricanes, pesticides, and pollution.
39.Why are we concerned with the causes of ozone depletion?
Ozone protects us from harmful UV radiation.
40.What is one of the main causes of the greenhouse effect? Carbon Dioxide
41. Human activity, variations in climate, and the melting of polar ice caps may possibly
contribute to
Global
Warming
.
42.If all of the mosquito larvae are removed from the food web above, which
populations will decrease?
Dragonfly, Beetles, Fish, and Pelicans
43.If the ecosystem above was contaminated with DDT, a harmful chemical, which
population would contain the highest concentration of DDT?
Pelicans
44.The image above is a population graph from a predator/prey game. The line with the
highest peaks indicates rabbits, the line with moderate peaks represents grass, and the
lowest line indicates wolves.
a. What appears to have happened to the wolf population?
They went extinct.
b. What factor seems to be controlling the rabbit population?
The amount of grass available (food source)
45.The image above is a population graph from a predator/prey game. The highest line
(on the right-side of graph) indicates grass, the line that reaches 50% (on day 56)
represents the rabbits, and the lowest line indicates the wolves.
What does the rapid growth in grass shown on the right-side of the graph
probably indicate?
The extinction of rabbits or a major decline in their population numbers.
In the space to the left, write the word or phrase that includes the rest.
Food Web
46. trophic level, food web, food chain
Symbiosis
47. parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, symbiosis
Ecosystem
48. organism, ecosystem, population, community
Biosphere
49. ecosystems, biotic factors, biosphere, abiotic factors
Consumers 50. omnivores, consumers, carnivores, herbivores
Water Cycle 51. evaporation, precipitation, water cycle, transpiration
52. A stable, mature community with little or no succession taking place is called a
__________Climax Community_______________.
53. True or False: Primary Succession would occur after a flood exposes underlying rock.
54. True or False: Biomagnification affects producers more than consumers.
55. The statements below describe the secondary succession that occurred within an
area of Yellowstone National Park. Number the events in which they occurred.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Grasses, ferns, and pine seedlings inhabited the area.
Annual wildflowers grew from the bare soil.
A fire burned thousands of acres of land.
A climax community of lodge-pole pine developed.
Bare soil covered the area.
_________C, E, B, A, D________________________
56. Considering the time we spent outside for that one assignment, please provide three
biotic factors you seen on our trip.
Anything that you saw that was alive (animals, plants, fungi, etc.)
57. Considering the time we spent outside for that one assignment, please provide three
abiotic factors you seen on our trip.
Anything you saw that was not alive (water, soil, rock, etc.)
Carrying
Capacity
Graph A
Graph B
58. What type of growth is seen in Graph A? Exponential or Logistical
59. What type of growth is seen in Graph B? Exponential or Logistical
60. Which graph would be an example of an invasive species’ population growth? __A____
61. Which graph shows the most realistic population growth of a forest squirrel? __B____
62. Which graph would show population growth after the extinction of a predator? __A____
62. Draw and label a dotted line on Graph B that would represent carrying capacity.