Atomic Structure, Bonding and Water Vocabulary
Word
Chemistry
Definition
The study of substances
and how they react to
each other
Atomic Structure
Atom (pg 15)
The smallest unit of an
element
Element (pg
55)
A particular type of atom
Nucleus
The central area of an
atom composed of protons
& neutrons.
A particle in the nucleus of
an atom with a positive
charge
a particle in the nucleus of
all atoms except hydrogen
without an electric charge
A part of an atom that has
a negative charge
An electron that is
associated with an atom,
and that can participate in
the formation of a
chemical bond
Having no electrical charge
Proton
Neutron
(pg 124)
Electron
Valence
Electrons
Neutral
Picture
Word
Carbon
Definition
An element that is the main
part of the molecules in
living things
Noble Gases
Gases with great stability
and extremely low reaction
rates
Picture
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The Periodic 1. A table of the chemical
Table
elements arranged by
atomic number in rows;
elements with similar
atomic structure (&
similar chemical
properties) appear in
vertical columns.
Period
A horizontal row of
elements on the periodic
table of elements
Group
A column of elements on
the periodic table of
elements
Bonding
Joining of 2 or more
Covalent
atoms in which electrons
bond
are shared by two atoms.
Ionic bond
Joining of 2 or more atoms
in which one or more
electrons from one atom
are removed & attached to
another atom, resulting in
positive & negative ions,
which attract each other.
Word
Molecule
Definition
A particle made of 2 or
more atoms
Stable
An atom whose outer energy
level is completely filled
with all the electrons
allowed in that level.
Picture
Small numbers to the lower
right of a chemical symbol
shows the number of atoms
of an element in a compound
Ionic Bonding
Electric
A property of an atom
Charge
that depends on the
(pg 54)
number of electrons it has
Ionic bond
A type of
chemical bond due to
electrostatic attraction
between ions of opposite
charges
Bohr Model
The simplest modern
picture of the structure
of the atom, showing
electrons moving in orbits
around the nucleus.
An atom with an electric
charge (- or +, not
neutral) because it lost
(+) one or more valence
electrons or gained (-) one
or more valence electrons
Definition
Ion
Word
Picture
Cation
An atom or group of atoms
that has lost 1 or more
electrons & is positively
charged
Anion
An atom or group of atoms
that has gained 1 or more
electrons & is negatively
charged
Covalent Bonding
Covalent
A chemical bond that
Bond
involves the sharing of
electrons between atoms.
Lewis dot
structure
Carbon
dioxide
A drawing of an atom
showing only valence
electrons
A gas made of carbon and
oxygen
Properties of Water
Water
A liquid made of hydrogen
and oxygen
Polar
molecules
Word
Molecules with 1 side
positive electrical charge
& 1 side negative charge
has electrical poles. Polar
molecules dissolve in
water
Definition
Picture
Non-Polar
Hydrogen
Bond
Cohesion
Adhesion
1. when there is an equal
sharing of electrons
between the two atoms
A weak chemical bond in
which a hydrogen atom of
one molecule is attracted
to an electronegative
atom
Particles of the same
substance sticking
together (co = working
together for the same
thing)
Particles of different
substances sticking
together (ad = +)
Dissolving
Become broken up or
absorbed by something or
to disappear into
something else
Solution
Liquid mixture in which
the minor component (the
solute) is uniformly
distributed within the
major component (the
solvent).
A liquid in which a
substance is dissolved
Substance that is
dissolved into a solvent
Solvent
Solute
Word
Definition
A solution
Picture
Diffusion
Diffusion
Process in which molecules
spread out from a higher
concentration to a lower
concentration
Concentration Measure of the number of
particles of the solute in
the solvent
Random
Without definite aim,
reason, or pattern
Equilibrium
When concentrations of
solvent & solute are no
longer changing
pH
Acid
Base
(Alkaline)
Acids and Bases
measure of whether a
solution is acidic or basic
(alkaline)
Have a sour taste
React with bases & some
metals to form salts
Give hydrogen ions when
dissolved in water (proton
donor)
Have a pH of less than 7.
taste bitter
feel slippery or soapy
In water solutions conduct
electricity
Accept hydrogen ions
(proton acceptor)
react with acids to form
salts & water
H+ Proton
An atomic nucleus with
a mass defined as 1 and a
charge of +1. The nucleus
of a hydrogen atom.
OH(Hydroxide)
oxygen & hydrogen atom
held together by a
covalent bond, with a
negative electric charge
Does not have a positive
or negative charge
not acidic or basic
pH of 7
Neutral
pH Scale
A chart to show the
measure of how acidic or
basic a substance is.
Acid Rain
Rain containing relatively
high concentrations
of acid-forming chemicals