8TH Grade Final Exam Review
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The most basic unit of life is the CELL
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Which organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells? CHLOROPLASTS
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One characteristic shared by all organisms on Earth is that they all need SUNLIGHT
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The control center of the cell is the NUCLEUS
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The function of the mitochondria is to BREAK DOWN GLUCOSE AND RELEASE ENERGY
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The jellylike material inside the cell is known as CYTOPLASM
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The period of growth before cell division is INTERPHASE
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During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane disappear? PROPHASE
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The reproduction of sex cells is known as MEIOSIS
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A human body cell has this number of chromosomes - 46
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As a result of meiosis each human sex cell has this number of chromosomes- 23
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The correct order for the phases of mitosis is PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE
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With regard to the levels of organization, tissues working together make up ORGANS
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List the levels of organization from simplest too most complex. CELL-TISSUE-ORGAN-ORGAN SYSTEM-ORGANISM
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The control system made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves is known as THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Another name for a nerve cell is a NEURON
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A control system made up of gland is THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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A fertilized egg cell is a ZYGOTE
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The main organ of the circulatory system is the HEART
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The largest part of the brain is the CEREBELLUM
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The space/gap between two neurons unknown as a SYNAPSE
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The adrenal glands are most likely to release hormones when a person is feeling STRESSED
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The chemicals that the endocrine glands produce are known as HORMONES
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The name of the tubes that carry blood away from the heart are ARTERIES
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The function of the white blood cells is to FIGHT INFECTION
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The main function of the digestive system is to BREAK DOWN FOOD AND ABSORB NUTRIENTS
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Digestion is completed in the SMALL INTESTINE
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The main organs of the respiratory system are the LUNGS
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The gas that is inhaled during respiration is OXYGEN
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The skeletal system provides SHAPE AND SUPPORT
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Bones can function in the movement of the body mainly because the skeleton contains JOINTS
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An educated guess is also known as HYPOTHESIS
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Based on data from an experiment, a scientist makes the statement that glass absorbs light. This statement is an
example of a(n) INFERENCE
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The scientific study of heredity is GENETICS
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The father of genetics is GREGOR MENDEL
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A scientist would most likely study a Punnett Square to identify an organism’s GENOTYPE (hint: allele, trait, Dna,
etc..)
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The sex chromosomes of a female are -XX
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What is a genetic mutation? A CHANGE IN THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE
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A scientist places a purebred white flowered plant with a plant that is purebred for red flowers. She crosses
another purebred white flowered plant with a plant that is purebred for yellow flowers. All of the offspring have
white flowers. Which flower color is a dominant trait? WHITE FLOWER COLOR
Open Ended Examples
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In pea plants for height, tall is dominant over short. If a hybrid tall pea plant is crossed with a purebred short pea
plant, what is the ratio of tall to short?
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Compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and meiosis. A. List and explain the phases of mitosis B. Name
and explain the first step of the cell cycle. C. How are the results of mitosis and meiosis different?
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The cross of a purebred short pea plant with a tall pea plant resulted in 213 seeds.
o
All of the seeds were planted and 114 tall and 99 short plants resulted.
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What are the possible genotypes of the tall parent plants?
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What is the genotype of the short pea plant?
o
Use Punnett Squares to cross each possible tall pea plant with the short pea plant.
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Using the results of 99 tall and 14 short, what is the actual genotype of the tall parent plant? Explain
how this is possible.