Name _____________________________
Review for Immune Response Summative
1. What is the difference between a
microbe and a pathogen?
2. What are some ways the immune
system fights disease?
3. What are antigens?
4. What do antigens have to do with the
immune response?
5. What are some ways that WBCs
protect the human body from
pathogens?
6. Draw and label an antibody and an
antigen and explain how the two
interact.
7. What is a memory cell and what is its
role?
8. What is the difference between the
primary and secondary immune
response?
9. What is a vaccine and what does it do
to the body?
10.Why can’t a vaccine give you the
disease that you’re being vaccinated
against?
11.Why does the immune system reject
transplanted organs?
12.What are some examples of
specificity from this unit?
13.Why do organ transplant recipients
need immunosuppressant drugs?
14.What is a negative side effect of
immunosuppressant drugs?
15.What pathogen causes AIDS?
16.How does HIV attack and what is the
result?
17.Why is there no vaccine for HIV? ___
18.How do viruses reproduce? ___
19.What happens when you have an
allergic reaction? ___
A. WBCs can recognize antigens, signal
other WBCs, destroy pathogens,
produce antibodies, and become
memory cells.
B. They “hijack” the nucleus of a living
cell and take over, making lots and
lots of copies of themselves which
then burst out of the infected cell,
killing it. Each copy then goes on to
infect its own living cell.
C. So that your immune system doesn’t
attack the foreign cells.
D. WBCs called T cells are destroyed as
HIV attaches to them and
reproduces. Because WBCs are being
destroyed, you are unable to fight off
everyday infections and cancer cells
that would normally be destroyed are
not. There, there.
E. The immune system overreacts to a
harmless antigen on an allergen like
pollen and produces histamine which
causes liquid-y symptoms: runny
nose, watery eyes, hives. Take an
antihistamine, like Benedryl, to block
the effects of histamine and have a
there, there.
F. The first time your immune system
fights off a pathogen, it takes a while
to recognize it and make the specific
antibodies that are needed; this is the
primary immune response. The
second time your body is invaded by
the same exact pathogen, memory
cells recognize it and make the right
antibodies so fast, you might not
even feel sick; this is the secondary
immune response.
G. The immune system recognizes the
organ as foreign and attacks it. Get
one from an identical twin because
your DNA is a perfect “match” so
your marker proteins are the same.
Don’t have a twin? Try a sibling with
the same parents as you!
H. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
I. It evolves/changes in the DNA or
RNA/mutates too fast.
J. Viruses are specific for the types of
cells that they are programmed to
infect. Your body makes antibodies
specific to the antigens that have
invaded you.
K. Foreign marker proteins on the
outside of a cell or virus that your
immune system recognizes as “nonself” and attacks.
L. It is a dead or weakened form of the
disease.
M. Because your immune system is
suppressed, you are unable to fight
off infectious diseases like you
normally would. There, there.
N. They “remember” a specific fight with
a specific pathogen so if the body is
ever infected with the same exact
pathogen, it will be destroyed way
faster because antibodies are made
so fast.
O. Antigens are recognized by WBCs and
cause the immune system to
respond.
P. By recognizing invaders, engulfing
foreign substances, producing
antibodies, and forming memory
cells.
Q. Antibodies are specific molecules
made by WBCs that block a pathogen
from infecting your cell and mark it
for destruction by WBCs. YOUR BODY
MAKES ANTIBODIES! YAY! Antibodies
are made to fit on to a specific
antigen. ANTIGENS ARE ON
PATHOGENS! BOO!
R. Microscopic organisms (and viruses)
are microbes while pathogens
(formerly known as “germs”) are
microbes that cause disease.
S. It is made from a dead or weakened
form of the disease. Once inside the
body, your immune system has a
primary immune response, producing
antibodies and memory cells. If you
actually are exposed to the REAL
disease later on, you’ll have a
secondary immune response that will
protect you from getting sick.