Matter
Matter – has mass and takes up space
States of Matter – solid, liquid, gas
 Solid – Rigid, has a fixed shape and volume, no intermolecular movement
 Liquid – definite volume but takes the shape of its container
 Gas – no fixed shape or volume
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Physical Property – can be perceived with the five senses: odor, color, volume,
state, density, melting point, boiling point
Chemical Property – refers to its ability to form new substances
Physical Change – A change that occurs to a substance without changing the basic
chemical makeup of that substance
Example – any phase change
Chemical Change – a change in the fundamental components of the substance – it
becomes something else
Evidence – Evolution of heat, production of a gas, creation of odor, formation
of a precipitate, change in mass, color change
Example - burning anything changes the chemical composition
Atom - the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the
element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and
protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical
attraction
Elements can be broken down only by chemical means. Each can be found on the
Periodic Table of the Elements, or PTE
Molecule - the smallest physical unit of an element or compound, consisting of one
or more like atoms in an element
Compounds are made up of two or more elements bonded together. Although
compounds contain multiple elements the same compounds always contain
the same composition of elements, water is always H2O.
Pure Substances vs. Mixtures
Pure Substance is made up of a single substance
Example – Water is pure when all other substances have been removed
Mixtures can have variable composition
Example – Air is made up of many different types of gasses
Homogeneous Mixture – (mixed evenly) - the prefix homo means ‘the same’ – such
a mixture is the same throughout. Can also be called a solution.
Example: A can of soda will taste the same if sampled from any portion
Heterogeneous Mixture – (mixed unevenly) - different regions of the mixture have
different proportions of components
Example: Sand poured in water settles to the bottom.
Matter Review Questions
1. Identify each of the following substances as either an atom or molecule in the
middle column, and either an element or compound in the right column
(Atom = 1, Molecule = more)
(Element = same, Compound = different)
Substance
H2O
Cl2
Na
CO
Co
CO2
BF2
F2
Ba
HCl
Atom / Molecule
Element / Compound
2. Identify each of the following as either a pure substance or a type of mixture:
a. The ocean
b. A lead fishing weight
c. Tea
d. Blueberry muffin
e. A tank of helium (ignore the tank)
f. Beer
g. Fresh water
h. A bowl of cereal
3. Name the three phases of matter and describe each
4. Identify each as either a chemical or physical change
a. Digesting dinner
b. Smashing a window
c. Ice melting
d. Mr. Kasners’ car is on fire!
e. Smashing a toilet
f. A glass of iced tea ‘sweating’ on the outside
g. Cheese molding
h. Frost forming on a windshield
5. The evolution of a gas is a common indicator of a chemical change yet gases
can be created through a physical change. Explain each case: When is the
creation of gas a physical change and when is it chemical?
6. How can you tell if a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous? (Explain
what you would do to figure it out)
7. Fill in the blanks
a. Compounds are made from ___________________________
b. Molecules are made from ___________________________
c. An atom and an element are similar because _____________________
8. Explain the main differences between the three phases of matter (There are
several properties)
9. Name the two different types of movement occurring within the three phases
of matter, define each, and identify the movement present within each phase.
10. The prefix Hetero- means ‘different’, how does this apply to a heterogeneous
mixture?
11. List 3 indications that a chemical change has occurred
12. Why is a physical change considered to be reversible and a chemical
irreversible?
Matter Review Questions
1. Identify each of the following substances as either an atom or molecule in the
middle column, and either an element or compound in the right column
(Atom = 1, Molecule = more)
(Element = same, Compound = different)
Substance
H2O
Cl2
Na
CO
Co
CO2
BF2
F2
Ba
HCl
Atom / Molecule
Molecule
Molecule
Atom
Molecule
Atom
Molecule
Molecule
Molecule
Atom
Molecule
Element / Compound
Compound
Element
Element
Compound
Element
Compound
Compound
Element
Element
Compound
2. Identify each of the following as either a pure substance or a type of mixture:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
The ocean
Heterogeneous Mixture
A lead fishing weight
Pure
Tea
Homogeneous Mixture
Blueberry muffin
Heterogeneous Mixture
A tank of helium (ignore the tank) Pure
Beer
Homogeneous Mixture
Fresh water
Heterogeneous Mixture
A bowl of cereal
Heterogeneous Mixture
3. Name the three phases of matter and describe each
Solid: No intermolecular movement – Lowest internal energy – Has a
rigid shape – very little space between molecules
Liquid: Slow intermolecular movement between molecules – more
internal energy than solids – Forms the shape of its container – some
space between molecules
Gas: Very fast intermolecular movement – Highest internal energy by
far – Forms the shape of its container – lots of space between molecules
4. Identify each as either a chemical or physical change
a. Digesting dinner
Chemical
b. Smashing a window
Physical
c. Ice melting
Physical
d. Mr. Kasners’ car is on fire!
Chemical
e.
f.
g.
h.
Toilet smash!
Physical
A glass of iced tea ‘sweating’ on the outside
Physical
Cheese molding
Chemical
Frost forming on a windshield
Physical
5. The evolution of a gas is a common indicator of a chemical change yet gases
can be created through a physical change. Explain each case: When is the
creation of gas a physical change and when is it chemical?
A liquid can be heated to become a gas (physical)
When two substances are mixed and magically a gas is created
It’s an indication of a reaction occurring (chemical)
6. How can you tell if a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous? (Explain
what you would do to figure it out)
Analyze two different portions of the mixture to see if they are the same
Taste em, separate em, etc…
7. Fill in the blanks
a. Compounds are made from ____Different elements____
b. Molecules are made from ______Multiple atoms___
c. An atom and an element are similar because ___An atom is always an
element____
8. Explain the main differences between the three phases of matter (There are
several properties)
Energy – Movement – Volume (space between molecules)
9. Name the two different types of movement occurring within the three phases
of matter, define each, and identify the movement present within each phase.
Intermolecular – movement between molecules (gas and liquid)
Intramolecular – movement within molecules (all phases)
10. The prefix Hetero- means ‘different’, how does this apply to a heterogeneous
mixture?
Different parts of the mixture will have different compositions
11. List 3 indications that a chemical change has occurred
Formation of gas, evolution of heat, color change, starts to smell
12. Why is a physical change considered to be reversible and a chemical
irreversible?
A physical change does not truly change what an object is made up of, so it can
be reformed into the original – Chemical changes create new substances