Supplementary Data
Appendix A
Calculations used in the OBMM
In formulating the OBMM, it was necessary to set the variables. In these expressions, the gross mass of a particular
chemical pollutant (e.g., chemical pollutant “A”) in each medium was defined in M (mol), and the following
variables were set:
1.
Mptu (mol): gross mass of A in the upper atmosphere;
2.
Mptd (mol): gross mass of A in the lower atmosphere;
3.
Mslpt (mol): gross mass of A in soil;
4.
Mwtpt (mol): gross mass of A in water;
5.
Msdpt (mol): gross mass of A in sediment;
1.
Mptu (mol): gross mass of A in the upper atmosphere.
The following three physio-chemical phenomena of chemical pollutants occurred in the upper atmospheric layer:
advection, wet deposition on soil and wet deposition on water.
dMptu
dt
2.
 Qar(Cptin  Cptu)  Cptu *Vptwd * Ssl  Cptu *Vptwd * Swt
(A.1)
Mptu (mol): gross mass of A in lower atmosphere.
The following four physio-chemical phenomena of chemical pollutants in the lower atmospheric layer: advection,
emission, dry and wet deposition on soil, and dry and wet deposition on water.
dMptd
dt
 Qar(Cptin  Cptd )  Gar  Cptd * (Vptdd  Vptwd ) * Ssl
(A.2)
 Cptd * (Vptdd  Vptwd ) * Swt
3.
Mslpt (mol): gross mass of A in soil.
The following five physio-chemical phenomena of chemical pollutants occurred in soil: dry deposition from the
upper atmosphere, dry and wet deposition from the lower atmosphere, emission, elution into liquids in soil and
erosion.
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dMslpt
dt
 Cptu * Vptdd  Cptd * (Vptdd  Vptwt) * Ssl  Gsl
 Ksl * Mslpt * (Cwtsat  Csllq
4.
Sitsl
(A.3)
)  Mslpt * Rosl * ((1  Esl ) * Hsl)
Mwtpt (mol): gross mass of A in water.
The following seven physio-chemical phenomena of chemical pollutants occurred in water: dry deposition from the
upper atmosphere, dry and wet deposition from the lower atmosphere, erosion, emission, outflow from mouth of a
river, elution into the water, sedimentation; however, deposition from the atmosphere to Lake Biwa is excluded.
dMwtpt
dt
 Cptu *Vptdd  Cptd * (Vptdd  Vptwd ) * Srv  Msl * Rsl * ((1  Esl ) * Hsl)
 Gss  Qwt * Css  Kss * Mss * (Cwtsat  Cwt )  Vssdep* Mss
5.
(A.4)
Hwt
Msdpt (mol): gross mass of A in sediment.
The following two physio-chemical phenomena of chemical pollutants occurred in sediment: sedimentation of
chemical pollutants with suspended solids, elution of chemical pollutants into the liquid phase in the sediment.
dMsdpt  Vssdep* Mss
 Ksd * Msdpt* (Cwtsat  Csdlq)
dt
Hwt
(A.7)
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Table 1 Parameters used in the OBMM calculations and their abbreviations.
Abbreviations
Parameter
Value
-
G,ar
emission to atmosphere
G,sl
emission to soil
G,ss
emission to sediment
Gwt,lq
emission to water
Cpt,u
calculated concentration in upper atmosphere
Cpt,d
calculated concentration in lower atmosphere
Cpt,in
calculated concentration in inflow atmosphere
C,ss
calculated concentration in suspended solids
C,wt
calculated concentration in sediment
Cwt,lq
calculated concentration in water
Cwt,sat
set value for concentration of saturated solution in the liquid phase
S,sl
set value for soil area
7.35x10-9 m2
S,wt
set value for water area
8.63x10-8 m2
S,rv
set value for river area
2.08x10-6 m2
H,sl
set value for soil depth
5.0x10-2 m
H,wt
set value for river depth
3m
DH,sd
sediment depth variation
R,sl
set value for soil particle density
2.30E-03
E,sl
set value for soil voidage
5.0x10-1
Sit,sl
set value for soil moisture content
2.5x10-1
Sit,sd
sediment moisture content
1.4x10-1
Q,ar
air inflow
Q,wt
set value for water inflow
298 m s -1
Ro,sl
set value for outflow rate of soil particle
8.70 m s -1
R,of
set value for outflow water volum
4.20 m s -1
Vpt,wd
wet deposition rate
Vpt,dd
dry deposition rate
1.00x10-2 m s -1
Vss,dep
sedimentaiton rate of suspended particle
7.13x10-6 m s -1
K,sl
solution rate to the liquid phase in soil
K,ss
solution rate to the liquid phase in water
K,sd
solution rate to the liquid phase in sediment
Kw,tsd
diffusion rate from water body to sediment
-
3
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Table 2
Chemical properties of each chemical required for the OBMM calculations
Chemical Property
Units
Molecular Weight
Da
Henry`s Co-efficient
atm m3 mol-1
Vapor Pressure
atm
Distribution Co-efficient
log (POW)
Dissolution Co-efficient
g L-1
Diffusion Co-efficient (Atmosphere)
m2 s -1
Diffusion Co-efficient (Water)
m2 s -1
Half-life (Atmosphere)
hours
Half-life (Soil)
hours
Half-life (Water)
hours
Half-life (Sediment)
hours
23
Appendix B
Fig. 5 Calculated concentration data for soil, water, and sediment.
24
Appendix C
Table 4
List of PRTR chemicals possessing 1) Non-decreasing concentration trends, 2) Highest averaged
calculated concentrations, and 3) Occur in multiple environmental media.
25
Table 5
List of PRTR chemicals possessing 1) Non-decreasing concentration trends, 2) Highest averaged
calculated concentrations, and 3) Occur in only one environmental medium.
PRTR No.
*CAS No.
*Chemicals Name AAAAAA
*Molecular
Weight (Da)
Atmosphere (1 out of 4 media)
11
75-07-0
Acetaldehyde
44.1
63
1330-20-7
Xylene
106.2
224
108-67-8
Mesitylene
120.2
225
95-53-4
o-Toluidine
107.2
269
117-84-0
Di-N-Octyl phthalate
390.6
Soil (1 out of 4 media)
53
2593-15-9
Echlomezol
247.5
126
82692-44-2
Benzofenap
431.3
152
2310-17-0
Phosalone
367.8
271
3648-21-3
Di-N-Heptyl phthalate
362.5
252.7
Water (1 out of 4 media)
222
75-25-2
Tribromomethane
227
108-88-3
Toluene
254
123-31-9
Hydroquinone
110.1
322
89269-64-7
Ferimzone
254.3
330
3766-81-2
Fenobucarb
207.3
92.1
26
Table 6
PRTR chemicals considered in this study with decreasing concentration trends.
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28
29
30
31
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