Chapter 1 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Checking Main Ideas
____
1. A flat landform found at a high elevation is called a __________.
a. plain
c. canyon
b. river valley
d. plateau
____
2. Earth’s crust consists mostly of __________.
a. pressurized metals
c. solid rock
b. glaciers
d. magma
____
3. Where is salt water most often found relative to dry land?
a. along shorelines and near beaches
b. in underground wells
c. in ice sheets at the North Pole
d. in rivers and streams
____
4. Underground caves, steep cliffs, and sand dunes often form near __________.
a. mountain peaks
c. flood plains
b. coastlines
d. continental slopes
Completion
Complete each statement.
Reviewing Vocabulary
Complete each sentence with the correct vocabulary word.
Vocabulary Words: weathering, erosions, contour, crust, deposition, sediment, topographic
5. In the picture, the small islands can form during the constructive process called DEPOSITION.
6. The rocky outer layer of Earth’s surface is called the CRUST.
7. CONTOUR lines connect points on a map that have the same elevation.
8. Rocks break down during a destructive process called WEATHERING.
9. SEDIMENT forms when agents of mechanical weathering break rocks into smaller pieces.
10. Wind, water, and moving ice move sediments during the process of EROSION.
11. A TOPOGRAPHIC map shows the shape of surface features and their elevations.
Matching
Use the diagram of the Continental Margin. Match each item to a letter in the diagram.
A
12. continental shelf
B
13. continental slope
C
14. continental rise
Short Answer
Checking Main Ideas
15. List three causes of mechanical weathering.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS: ice, wind, moving water, plant and animal activity
16. Define constructive and destructive forces. Give an example of both.
POSSIBLE ANSWER: Constructive forces build up Earth’s surface. Example: deposition;
Destructive forces wear down Earth’s surface. Example: erosion
Essay
Checking Main Ideas
Answer the questions using complete sentences.
17. Describe how chemical weathering can take place below Earth’s surface.
POSSIBLE ANSWER: Water seeps into deep cracks and dissolves minerals in rock. Acid rain
seeps into cracks in rock and dissolves below the surface.
Thinking Critically
Answer the questions using complete sentences.
18. Draw Conclusions After heavy rains, the fields on each side of a river are flooded. After the
flooding, farmers notice that not only is the soil in the fields very moist, but the soil has a new color
and texture. Describe the processes that caused the changes in the soil.
POSSIBLE ANSWER: The river water carried sediments. During the flood, that river water
covered the fields. The water eventually settled down through the soil, leaving a layer of
sediment covering the soil in the fields.