UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Oct. 29th, 2013
Class:
AG7.EXGRA.U1.5
FIRST CONDITIONAL
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Matching game
1
You won’t pass the subject
we could go to the cinema.
2
May I go home
when your class is over.
3
Unless Sonia prints the project,
if I get worse?
4
If you help me with the chores,
If you don’t study hard.
5
Send me a message
all our team will have bad grades.
Fill in Game
1 Situation: It seems it is going to rain.
Monica: If it _____________ (rain), we _______________ (go) to the shopping mall.
2 Situation: Fredy’s friends are playing baseball in the backyard.
Fredy: Mom! ______ I ____________ (play) with my friends as soon as I ___________ (finish) my
homework?
3 Situation: The boss wants his secretary to finish the report because it is urgent.
Boss: Until you ____________ (have) the report ready, you ____________ (go) to have lunch.
4. Situation: You see a person crashed in the street by a car.
You: If we ____________ (call) an ambulance, that person _________________(die).
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
ENGLISH I
AG7.EXGRA.U1.4
FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY 2
Date:
Oct. 24th, 2013
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Agricultural Pesticides and Human Health
Author: Bridget Hicks
This case study is part of a collection of pages developed by students in the 2012 introductory-level Geology and Human Health course in the Department of Earth Sciences,
Montana State University. Learn more about this project.
A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any
pest (epa.gov). Pests can be defined as any organism that causes plant diseases. Agricultural pesticides are then those
chemicals that are used by farmers to prevent the effectiveness of the pests on the growth and productivity of agricultural
crops.
Introduction
Pesticides are either restricted or unclassified.
Restricted means it can cause harm to humans or the environment.
Unclassified refers to all other pesticides.
Pesticides are made up of active and inert ingredients. There are certain labeling requirements for the commercial distribution of
products that used agricultural pesticides. The active ones are those which do the damage to the pest, federal law mandates that
these ingredients be clearly labeled on the packaging. Inert ingredients are not required to be labeled as they do not cause harm,
they are usually present as a solvent in the solution. (inert ingredients are not necessarily non-toxic). All pesticides must
be registered with the EPA before they can be sold or distributed. There are many tests and requirements concerning the potential
effects of the pesticides in order to be approved.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Pesticides can be incredibly beneficial and have most certainly increased food production. They were of great importance in saving
the United States' potato crops during the 1940's from insect and fungal pests, as well as controlling the boll weevil in El Salvador
in 1953 (Monosson, 1).
Yet many times their detrimental effects outweigh the positive ones. Pesticides can be extremely hazardous to the human body
and other living organisms, as they are designed to be a poison.
Here is a link to the EPA's webpage about agricultural pesticides.
Sources of Agricultural Pesticides
Pesticides became common after the second World War as part of the war effort was scientific research into a way to end hunger,
i.e. pesticides and the increasing productivity and availability of food production with their help. Currently an estimated 3.2 million
tons of pesticides are used each year.
Pesticides are wasted in environments where the farmer has little knowledge or care for the detrimental effects of the pesticides.
Without regulations and enforcements these pesticides can easily be spread farther than their intended area. This is especially
common in developing countries. With misuse the pesticides can easily be picked up by the rainwater and washed into the streams
as runoff.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Transport of Agricultural Pesticides
Pesticides can be transported to humans or other organisms in a variety of ways. It is near to impossible for the pesticide to only
affect its targeted crop.
-Wind is one transportation method. The wind picks up the pesticides and can blow them onto other farms or into rivers.
-It can be absorbed into the soil and then taken up by other organisms or can contaminate the surface and groundwater that run
over/through it.
- Pesticides are then absorbed by the plants which is detrimental to the growth of the plants.
- That which is not absorbed usually remains on the surface and flows into streams as surface runoff. It is dissolved into the water
and then can be taken in by plants and animals. The streams would then be considered a reservoir of pesticides with a relatively
high abundance level.
Bioavailability
Pesticides frequently enter the world's surface and groundwater through either point source (direct locations where excess
pesticides spill, or non-point sources, where the pesticides enter the streams through wind flow, precipitation, runoff, and leaching.
These pesticides can accumulate in a surface water source such as a lake, stream, or pond, they can also leach down and become
integrated into the groundwater reserves such as reservoirs.
Pesticides enter the food chain through the direct application of the substance to the plants themselves by humans. Once they are
absorbed by the plants or animals which eat the plants they become residue. There are maximum residue levels for crops and
animals. They can also be taken in when an organism takes in the water which contains the runoff and dissolved pesticides. This
can be further extended to the human who eats the fish. An easier way for humans to ingest pesticides is directly through
contaminated drinking water from those polluted streams.
Impacts on Human Health
An estimated 2.2 million people are at risk due to exposure from agricultural pesticides, with the majority of this population being
locating in developing nations.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Show Caption
Pesticides can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or by dermal penetration through the skin. Those who work
with agricultural pesticides are the most at risk if they are not properly dressed or if there are broken and leaking equipment. The
majority of average citizens who are effected by the pesticides intake the pesticide through consumption of a food that was been
contaminated with a pesticide."In 1958, all members of the family of a local chief who is a prominent cocoa farmer at Okebode
in southwestern Nigeria were hospitalized after eating a leaf vegetable undergrowth of a cocoa farm that was earlier sprayed by
lindane. In 2004, carbofuran pesticide residues found on several batches of noodles manufactured in Nigeria may have resulted in
23 reported cases of vomiting and one death" (Monosson, 1).
Pesticides cause headaches, blurred vision, vomiting, abdominal pain, suppress the immune system, lead to blood and liver diseases,
depression, asthma, and nerve damage. The issue with these effects is that they may wait appear until a while after being ingested
so tracing the symptoms back to the pesticide can prove to be quite difficult. Many of the symptoms can be mistaken for the flu
and therefore not properly treated. The inactive ingredients such as chloroform can also cause serious risks to the liver and nervous
system. These effects can also be experienced by the animals living around the streams where the pesticides accumulate. The
pesticides bioaccumulate within the animals as they are not easily soluble, as that animal is eaten by another animal the pesticide
then biomagnifies and obtains an even higher concentration as it moves further up the food chain.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Prevention or Mitigation
The easiest way to prevent the spread and abundance of agricultural pesticides is through education. If more farmers, especially in
developing countries, knew about the risks of these pesticides, they would be more careful in the way that they use the pesticides
and the protection that the sprayers wear. Another way is to adopt the Integrated Pesticide Management program which
"emphasizes non chemical and cultural pest control strategies such as removal of diseased plant parts, crop rotation that may
disrupt the life cycle of pests, and biological control such as the use of insect predators" (Monosson,1). Particular attention needs
to be paid to the developing world as their lower health status makes them more vulnerable to disease and they are usually
dependent upon farming as their main source of income and economy. In more developed countries where health and wealth are
not such huge issues, consumers can decrease their risk of consuming agricultural pesticides by selecting products that are deemed
organic which means that no pesticides were used during the production of those foods.
Non government organizations are providing the best prevention strategies at the moment. There are groups that provide
educational sessions, telephone hotlines, and safety classes. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the convention on
Persistent Organic Pollutants are making global efforts to decrease the presence and abundance of the harmful pesticides.Many
states within the United States have installed a Clean Sweep program which provides for proper cleanup and disposal of these
pesticides. To see which states are included in the program click here EPA Clean Sweep.
Taken from: Geology and Human Health, Topical Resources
Website: serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/pesticides.html
Exercise 1. Underline the correct option.
1. From the text we can say that:
a) Pesticides are not harmful for humans in any sense.
b) All farmers are affected by pesticides.
c) Farmers use pesticides to protect their crops.
d) Pesticides are made of non-chemical elements.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
2. One reason a pesticide is wasted may be:
a) The little knowledge of farmers about the use and effects of pesticides.
b) The Government laws in developing countries.
c) The combination of a pesticide with another inert ingredient.
d) The low quality of the pesticide.
3. Which of the following options is not probable for human affection by pesticides?
a) Fish coming from contaminated rivers.
b) Animals which eat the plants with pesticide residues.
c) Directly from contaminated drinking water.
d) From food they bought in the supermarket.
Exercise 2. Circle T (True) or F (False) according to the statement.
4. Crop rotation is one recommendation to reduce the risk of human affection.
T
F
5. The UNESCO is an organization that is providing support in the use of pesticides
T
F
Exercise 3. Join the two ideas to form one conditional sentence.
6.
Condition: sprayers don’t wear the suitable protection
Result: sprayers can be damaged by pesticide ingestion.
________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Condition: They inhale a pesticide.
Result: some symptoms such as vomiting, headaches or blurred vision will occur.
________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Condition: People have more education in the process of applying pesticides.
Result: they will be more secure.
________________________________________________________________________________
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
ENGLISH I
AG7.EXGRA.U1.3
INDIRECT QUESTIONS FORM
Date:
Oct. 17th, 2013
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Instructions: Reorder the following words to have correct sentences.
1. tell me / are? / Could you / where / the restrooms
2. the Queen Elizabeth Hospital? / how I / telling me / can get to / Would you mind
3. Mr. Brown / my concern / said to / what / It is not / his coworkers.
4. I wonder / we will / how much / production project. / for this / be paid /
5. in the U. S. / Would it / your first time / be possible / to tell me / for you / was / when /
Instruction: Complete the sentences with the correct indirect question.
1 "Are you coming to the party?"
"Can you let me know whether ___________________________________________ ?"
2 "How does it work?"
"Can you explain ___________________________________________ ?"
3 "What's the the matter?"
Please tell me ___________________________________________ ."
4 "Where are you from?"
"I'd like to know ___________________________________________ ."
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
5 "How long does it take to get there?"
"Do you know ___________________________________________ ?"
6 "Has she reached a decision yet?"
"Has she told you whether ___________________________________________ ?"
7 "Does Annie know about computers?"
"I wonder whether ___________________________________________ ."
8 "What are you doing?!"
"Do you have any idea about ___________________________________________ ?!"
9 "Could you lend me 50 Euros?"
"I want to know ___________________________________________ ."
10 "Does Susana like classical music?"
"I can't remember if ___________________________________________ ."
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
ENGLISH I
Date:
Sep. 17th, 2013
Class:
AG7.EXGRA.U1.2
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Soil Conservation
Soil conservation is a combination of all methods of management and land use that safeguard the
soil against depletion or deterioration by natural or man-induced factors. It most often attempts
to ensure that SOIL does not erode and wash into streams and lakes or blow away in the wind,
but it also involves the protection of the soil from damage by machinery (eg, compaction) or by
detrimental changes to its chemistry (eg, acidification or salinization).
But soil also has a much broader, global role. Soil acts as a filter, cleaning air and water. It
exchanges gases with the atmosphere and thus influences the global CLIMATE. Soil receives
organic wastes and recycles their nutrients back to plants; it also holds and breaks down some
toxic wastes. Because soil plays such a key role in world health, economics and environmental
stability, we must conserve it and use it in a sustainable manner.
Effect of Land Use and Management
Causes of Declining Soil Quality
The inherent or natural quality of a soil is determined by the geological materials and soil-forming
processes (such as chemical and physical WEATHERING) that combine to produce it. The
characteristics of a natural soil can be changed by human activities, including land use and
farming practices. In agriculture and forestry, decline of inherent soil quality can occur because
of EROSION, loss of soil organic matter, compaction, desertification and other degrading
processes.
Soil Conservation Practices
Soil conservation practices are commonly used in forestry during harvesting and replanting
operations. The quality of agricultural soils can also be maintained (conserved) or even improved
by using soil conservation practices. Examples of these practices include adding organic material
(eg, manure) and inorganic amendments (eg, LIMESTONE), using conservation tillage (reduced
tillage or no-tillage systems), reducing the amount and frequency of use of summer fallow,
rotating CROPS and growing LEGUMES (eg, clover).
The type of farming activity that takes place on an area of land, be it pasture or cultivation of
forage or fibre crops, cereals, oilseeds, berry fruits or vegetables, depends on the type of soil, the
climate and whether crops are grown under natural rainfall or IRRIGATION. The more any land
use disturbs the land's natural ecology, the greater its effect on soil quality.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
On pasture lands, agricultural management practices include restricting the density of animal
stocking, using rotational grazing (resting fields after they have been grazed), controlling weeds,
and protecting vegetation and banks along water courses. On cultivated lands, soil management
practices include crop selection and rotation, choice of tillage methods (leaving crop residues on
the surface or plowing them into the soil), controlling the traffic patterns of tractors and
machinery, determining rates of FERTILIZERS and other soil amendments to apply, controlling
pests and managing water.
Crops that provide high-density and year-round ground cover offer greater protection against soil
erosion than row-cropping or cropping systems that include extensive use of cultivated fallow.
Minimizing the amount of tillage used for weed control or seedbed preparation reduces the
breakdown of soil structure (the arrangement of soil particles into granules or clods), and keeps
more plant residues on the soil surface compared to more intensive tillage. This helps maintain
soil tilth and control soil erosion.
Reducing the rate of oxidation of soil organic matter can contribute to increasing the amount of
carbon stored in the soil, which is an important factor in reducing the greenhouse gas effect (the
accumulation of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere). Soil management that
returns plant nutrients to the soil at the rate of their removal by crops will help maintain soil
fertility. Reduced use of PESTICIDES on erosion-prone soils, or use of pesticides accompanied by
effective soil conservation measures, reduces the risk of contaminated sediments getting into
surface water.
Acceptance of Soil Conservation Practices
Soil conservation practices have been increasingly adopted on Canadian farms since the 1980s. In
1996, the area managed by no-till practices accounted for approximately 16% of cropland. This
area has since increased to approximately 56%. Soil-conserving tillage practices (conservation
tillage and no-till combined) now represent about 80% of Canadian cropland. Nationally, the
amount of farmland under summer fallow, which had decreased by two-thirds between 1981
and 2006, has further decreased by 40.5%. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) has
developed a series of Agri-Environmental Indicators for use in tracking the trends relating to soil
conservation and environmental sustainability. AAFC reported on the trends in these indicators for
the period 1981 to 2006 (the most recent period for which statistical information is available)
in Environmental Sustainability of Canadian Agriculture: Agri-Environmental Indicator Report
Series - Report #3 in 2010. Trends in all the soil-quality indicators showed considerable
improvement between 1981 and 2006. The majority of the cultivated land in Canada is in the very
low risk class for erosion. Canadian cropland has gone from a net source to a net sink of CO 2 gas
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
due to increased carbon sequestration and increasing levels of soil organic matter. Moreover, the
share of land at risk of salinization has also decreased over this period. This general improvement
does not apply to all soils, however, and there remain significant areas of farmland at risk of
degradation. Nevertheless, the AAFC provided evidence that the health of our agricultural soils
can indeed be maintained and even improved with the right care.
From this data, three general trends have emerged. First, conservation-oriented farming practices
are required to maintain soil health, particularly in areas of intensive cropping and where soils are
marginal for agriculture. Secondly, soil health can be maintained or is improved in regions where
land use and management practices have been tailored to address soil resource and climatic
influences that may combine to produce local problems of soil degradation. Finally, declines in soil
health occur rapidly, often most dramatically in the first 10 years following conversion of
undisturbed land to agriculture, but improvements to soil quality take place slowly and at greater
cost than maintaining a good soil in top condition.
Taken from: http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/soil-conservation
Exercise 1. Analyze the following verb form and determine their characteristics according to
Voice, Block, Form and time (Verb System)
1. Involves
V=
F=
B=
T=
2. can be changed
V=
F=
B=
T=
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
3. have been grazed
V=
F=
B=
T=
4. had decreased
V=
F=
B=
T=
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Exercise 2. Check the sentence in italics in the reading and classify it by content and function
words.
CONTENT WORDS
FUNCTION WORDS
Exercise 3. Write at least five tag questions using information from the text.
Example:
The quality of agricultural soils can be improved by using soil conservation
practices, can’t it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions about the text.
1. What is soil conservation?
2. What factors can change the characteristics of soil?
3. One recommendation to reduce the risk of contaminated sediments getting into
surface water is:
4. Describe at least two kinds of soil conversation practices.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Sep. 17th, 2013
ENGLISH I
Class:
TAG QUESTIONS
AG7.EXGRA.U1.1
Date:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Instructions: Write correct tag question to complete the sentences below.
1. They're working on the project,
2. It wasn't my fault,
?
?
3. Bill got what he wanted,
?
4. It won't be hard to convince her,
?
5. We can't leave him alone with his problem,
?
6. Martha and Richard have done their job,
?
7. I think you should apologize for what you have done,
8. They didn't start the meeting at two o'clock,
?
9. I am going to finish work at five o'clock,
10. Daniel doesn't like doing exercise,
?
?
?
Instructions: Write a sentence that better fits with the tag question given.
1.
, did you?
2.
, won’t they?
3.
, was she?
4.
, can I?
5.
, shouldn’t we?
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TECAMACHALCO
Ingeniería en Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida
Date:
ENGLISH I
Class:
7B
Assignment Considerations:
1. Complete the exercises and if possible make questions during the class time.
2. Anytime you get in agreement with the teacher, you can get help from him.
3. Look for more information in other resources in case you need it to understand better.
Yunuen Pérez Centeno MA
Student name:______________________________