1.
ferts add nutrients, pesticides get rid of annoying organisms
2.
grown in soil free of inorganic ferts for 3 years
3.
no hormones, no antibiotics, no pens
4.
Organic Food Production Act 1990; no genetically engineered organisms
5.
Can’t make enough, $$$
6.
sugars
7.
cell resp
8.
amino acids; structure and enzymes, speed reactions up
9.
kills, slows down
10.
20
11.
lipids
12.
vitamins are organic, minerals are not
13.
3000 for men, 2200 for women
14.
under-no enough, mal-poor diet
15.
Marasmus; Kwashiorkor; overnourished
16.
drought, flood, war, corruption
17.
world grain carryover stocks
18.
bad weather conditions (too hot and drought) and people eating more livestock
19.
osteoporosis, kidney stones, heart disease, stroke
20.
pros-high yield, little space, cons-soil degradation, uses lots of fossil fuels, increased resistance to pesticides by pests
21.
a few pests have a beneficial mutation and the population and gene pool shifts in their favor
22.
subsistence supports a family…slash and burn is bad b/c tracts of rain forest are cleared, the soil is not fertile so it only lasts a little and then farmers move and do it again, destroying large tracts of land.
23.
intercropping is strip cropping and is better than monoculture b/c different crops fill different niches and therefore don’t compete with each other
24.
domesticated is specifically bred
25.
new disease strains can decimate a population
26.
opinion
27.
choosing crops and animals with desirable properties and then breeding them. It has decreased genetic diversity
28.
use of technology, ferts and pesticides to increase crop yield. Borlaug
29.
plentiful food; high energy costs, soil degradation, pesticide resistant organism, $ for equipment, dams, irrigation, etc.
30.
$$$
31.
dairy, levels are higher, threshold is the minimum levels that an effect of a toxicant will be seen
32.
not good b/c leads to antibiotic resistant bacteria
33.
illness caused by food; pathogens and toxicants
34.
E. coli in spinach, mad cow disease, salmonella
35.
USFDA
36.
enzymes in bacteria slow down…
37.
taste, appearance, preservation
38.
preserve food, but can cause cancer.

39.
effect is greater than sum of effects…so many food additives
40.
so many additives that testing and “ruling out” would be nearly impossible
41.
additive means effects seen are sum of all, antagonistic effects are less than would be expected
42.
naturally occurring poisons in food are more harmful than food additives
43.
agriculture makes most pollution of surface waters. Pesticides, animal waste, fertilizers (lesser extent for surface water…burning of fossil fuels)
44.
water-runoff from farming, soils-conventional tillage, poor irrigation, forestsslash and burn, wetland-building on
45.
predator-prey relationships are used rather than pesticides, crop selection selects crops that are less prone to pests in a particular region
46.
crop rotation, conservation tillage, strip cropping, terracing, etc.
47.
putting genes from one organism into another
48.
mating desirable organisms to get the best. Dogs, horses
49.
can add genes for specific nutrients, resistance to infections and ability to grow in
“poor” conditions.
50.
Latin America has acidic soil which allow aluminum to dissolve and thus be taken in by plants. Aluminum is a toxicant
51.
Genetically modified
52.
guidelines for appropriate handling of GM crops. Probably not effective.
Survival of the fittest….
53.
genes may jump to weeds and create super weeds (unlikely b/c genes have not been know to jump species except in rare and specific cases); possible hazard to human health (also not likely b/c we were eating these same genes in other organisms anyway)
54.
cost of vaccines, access to clean needles/trained personnel to deliver vaccines, storage of vaccines
55.
ALL fishes are caught so no longer sustainable, and lots of other species than that being sought are also caught
56.
Long lines, purse seine, trawl nets, drift nets. Drift are outlawed
57.
unwanted catch that usually dies anyway
58.
Countries have jurisdiction of seas within 320km of their land
59.
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation Act; out of 128 depleted fish species studied, 125 can recover
60.
runoff from cities, farms and roads
61.
raising fish, either in estuaries, inland or coastal regions but always in an enclosure. Tight quarter and limited flow of water lead to worms and parasites.