Science Chapter 6
Study Guide
Modern Genetics
Vocabulary:
multiple alleles
pedigree
clone
sex chromosomes
karyotype
genetic engineering
sex-linked genes
selective breeding
gene therapy
carrier
inbreeding
genome
genetic disorder
hybridization
Concepts:
Big Idea: How are traits inherited in people?
Know the combination of sex chromosomes for males and females
Know patterns of inheritance in humans
Know the function of sex chromosomes; know what sex chromosomes each parent has
Know the relationship between genes and the environment
Know human traits that are influenced by the environment
Know which human traits are controlled by more than one gene
Why are people such different heights?
Know the different blood types in humans and possible blood types of offspring
Know how color-blindness is inherited
Know the major causes of genetic disorders in humans
Know how geneticists trace the inheritance of traits
Know how genetic disorders are diagnosed and treated
Know the symbol used for males and females on a pedigree chart
Know how a geneticist would use pedigree charts
Be able to read and analyze information from a pedigree chart
Know the ways to produce organisms with certain traits
Know applications of DNA technology in human genetics
What is the human genome project? How can it impact gene therapy?
Know the symptoms/problems of Hemophilia, Down syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, and Sickle-cell disease
Know the causes of Hemophilia, Down syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, and Sickle-cell disease
Know the results of cloning two organisms
Know how fingerprints are inherited
Why are sex-linked traits more common in males?
Know the benefits of genetic engineering—how does it help us today?
Compare/contrast hybridization, inbreeding, cloning, and genetic engineering
California State Standards:
2. A typical cell of any organism contains genetic instructions that specify its traits. Those traits may be
modified by environmental influences. As a basis for understanding this concept:
b. Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes from each
parent.
c. Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes.
d. Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of different genes and typically
have two copies of every gene. The two copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be
identical, and one may be dominant in determining the phenotype while the other is recessive.
e. Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is
located in the chromosomes of each cell.