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Chapter 5 Study Guide
Complete the following study points on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Explain how an offspring’s gender is determined. Complete a Punnett square
showing the probability of males and females. A mother gives an X or an X
and a father gives an X or a Y. A punnett square shows there is a 50% chance
of getting each gender.
2. What are sex-linked genes? Where are they found? Give an example of a trait
that is controlled by a sex-linked gene. Sex-linked genes are genes on the
gender chromosomes that also control a trait. Sex-linked genes are found on
the either the X or the Y chromosome. In humans, this is our 23rd pair of
chromosomes. An example of a trait controlled by sex-linked genes is
hemophilia and colorblindness.
3. What is a carrier? Does a carrier express, or show, the trait (such as
colorblindness)? A carrier is someone who carries the trait but does not
display the feature. We can think of this person as being heterozygous for the
trait. A woman can be a carrier for hemophilia and pass it on to her children
even though she does not have the disorder.
4. How are genetic disorders caused? Give an example of a genetic disorder.
Include an explanation of the disorder and how it is inherited. Genetic
disorders can be caused by mutations or by having extra chromosomes. One
example of a genetic disorder is sickle-cell anemia. Someone with sickle-cell
anemia gets the disorder for parents who have the trait or the disorder.
5. What is a pedigree? Construct a pedigree and use a key to describe each
person. A pedigree shows how traits are passed down in a family. It looks
similar to a family tree. Girls are represented by circles; boys are represented
by squares. A lines connecting two people means they had children together.
A line down from two people means that is their child.
6. What does a karyotype describe? A karyotype is a picture of an organism’s
chromosomes.
7. How can organisms be produced with desired traits? Organisms can be
produced with desired traits through selective breeding, cloning, and genetic
engineering.
8. How are inbreeding and hybridization alike and different? Inbreeding and
hybridization are both types of selective breeding. Inbreeding breeds two
organisms that are genetically similar. Hybridization breeds two organisms
that are genetically different. Each type of breeding is done to get a desired
outcome.
9. Describe cloning and genetic engineering. Cloning produces an organism that
is genetically identical. Genetic engineering is when genes from one organism
is transplanted into another organism.
10. How can we use genetic information? What is the purpose of DNA
fingerprinting? We can use genetic information to identify people and help
understand disorders. DNA fingerprinting breaks DNA into unique fragments
so it can be matched to samples.
11. What is a genome? Describe the Human Genome Project. A genome is an
organism’s full set of DNA. The Human Genome Project identified a human’s
entire sequence of DNA