Midterm Menu Thursday, January 30th @10:30 (Be there at 10:20)
70-80 multiple choice questions
Ch 2 only properties/chemistry of water
ch 3 all Biological Molecules
Know the structure and function of polymers and that theses are derived from the
way their monomers are assembled
ch 11 Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance ( and Beyond Mendelian genetics) ALL
Traits determined by genes on sex chromosomes ; sex linked genes, sex limited
genes and mitochondrial inheritance
Be able to do genetics problems (rules of probablility can be applied to analyze
passage single gene traits from parent to offspring)
Segregations and independent assortment (Genes) result in genetic variation and
can be applied to genes that are on different chromosomes
Predict Patterns of inheritance using information about genotype/phenotype
(monohybrid, dihybrid, sex-linked, genes linked on same homologous chromosome)
genetic problems with disorders like sickle cell anemia, tay-sach’s, huntongton’s, xlinked colourblindness,
Note:Beyond Mendelian genetics:
Many traits are the product of multiple genes and/or physiological processes
Some do not follow Mendel’s Laws
Genes on sex chromosomes:
How some are Sex linked genes (X in humans)
How in mammals and flies, x-linked recessive traits are always expressed in males
Some traits are sex-limited; like milk production in females and male pattern
baldness in males
Some traits result from non-nuclear (not from the nucleus) inheritance and don’t
follow Mendel’s rules
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are randomly assorted to gametes and daughter cells
In animals, mitochondrial DNA is transmitted by the egg and not by the sperm (And
so gets passed down maternally only)
Ch 15 Darwin and Evolution ALL
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
Evolutionary fitness=reproductive success
Genetic variation and mutation play roles in natural selection
Diverse gene pool essential in a changing environment; adaptations as selection of
traits
chance and random events affect evolution example:
genetic drift, founder effect, bottleneck
genetic drif is a non-selctive process occurring in small populations
reduction of genetic variation within a given population can increase the differences
between populations of the same species
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and calculations
Ch 16 Populations Genetics ALL
show how environments change and act as a selective mechanism (Peppered moth
example)
Random changes in DNA and new gene combinations produce phenotypic variation
Some phenotypic variations increase or decreas fitness of the organism and the
population (Sickle cell anemia)
Humans impact variation in other species (eg artificial selection, loss of genetic
diversity in a crop species, overuse of antibiotics)
Ch 17 Speciation
(adaptive radiation and sympatric radiation); allopatric and sympatric speciation
with reproductive isolation (both pre and postzygotic) theories on rate of evolution
Ch 19.1-19.3 three domain system
(archaea and bacteria lack internal membranes and organelles and have a cell wall
while eukaryotes have cytoskeletons, membrane bound organelles, endomembrane
systems, including the nuclear envelope and internal membranes which facilitate
cellular processes by increasing surface area where reactions can occur)
and cladistics