Fauna Sinica
Hylarana (Hylarana) taipehensis (van Denburg, 1909)
Diagnosis: Body long and slim; dorsal-lateral fold golden-yellow, green between these
two folds; snout long and pointed; tibio-tarsal joint reach nostril or nostril-eye
interval when hindlimb adpressed forward.
Morphology: Descript according to Hainan (100 males, 47 females, 37 juveniles and
tadpoles); Guanzhou, Guandong (eggs).
Adults: Body small and slim. Male 29 mm SVL, female 39 mm SVL, other
measurements see Table 385. Head flat, head length larger than head width
obviously; snout long and pointed, about 1.5 times of the eye diameter; snout
protrude lower lip in great extent; canthus rostralis obvious, reached tip of snout;
loreal region slightly tilted to outer side; nostril close to tip of snout; inter-narial
distance almost equal to inter-orbital distance; tympanum large and obvious, very
close to rear side of eye, tympanum equal to eye diameter in males, smaller in
females; tongue long-peach shape, deeper notched in rear side; vomerine teeth in
inner side of internal nares, slightly obligue to central line, left and right not meet.
Forearm thin, length of lower arm and hand (LAHL) less than half SVL, hand slim;
finger slightly flat, tip of finger slightly enlarge to narrow-long disc, ventral side of
disc with groove, but ball-like without groove in 1st finger, outer edge slightly
membranous; 1st and 2nd finger near same length, slightly shorter than 4th finger, 3rd
finger longer than snout length; subarticular tubercles, supernumerary tubercles
below the base of finger, metacarpal tubercles all obvious. Hind limb long and thin,
tibio-tarsal joint reach nostril or nostril-eye interval when adpress forward; heel
overlap in great extent, tibia (TL) obviously longer than femur length, and larger than
half SVL; tarsal (TFL) about 1.5 times of tibia; tip of toes same as tip of fingers; toe
slim, 3rd toe slightly shorter than 5th toe, all exceed second near side subarticular
tubercles of 4th toe; webbing slightly, deep notched in margin, webbing of 4th toe
reach second near side subarticular tubercle, outer webbing of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and inner
webbing of 5th toes reach tip by marginal webbing; outer metatarsal web reach base
of metatarsal; subarticular tubercles obvious; inner metatarsal tubercles ovoid, outer
metatarsal tubercles small and round.
Skin smooth. Dorsal lateral fold thin and obvious, from rear of eye to thigh;
regularly spread tiny white spine between folds, larger at rear side; a light colored
fold from rear tympanum to lateral side of body, continuously or broken in row,
larger warts between this fold and dorsal-lateral fold; light color mental gland
obvious at the angle of mouth. Dorsal and ventral side of four limbs glandular, outer
Fauna Sinica
tibia have 3-5 obvious transverse folds; femoral gland large, long elliptical, located far
side of rear femur; 2 tarsal fold at tarsal. Ventral skin smooth, most specimens have
gland in ventral of head, body, and limbs, some individuals all ventral region have
glands; ventral of femur have granular flat warts.
Dorsum green or brown in life, dorsal-lateral fold golden-yellow, thin deep
brown line along both side of the fold; maxillary margin and rear tympanum lateral
fold golden-yellow; lateral side between two fold brown, extend to loreal region and
tip of snout. Tympanum light color; four limbs light brown, femur with transverse
band or not, rear side with dark longitudinal band 2-3, some are obvious; few
individuals with light yellow thin ridge. Ventral side of body is grayish-yellow.
Specimens in preservative, green changed to brown, yellow changed to white.
Sexual dimorphism: male body smaller; tympanum larger, nuptial pad cream
white or slight gray; pink male gland obvious in both dorsum, absent in ventral; vocal
sac absent.
Variation: Compare sepcimens from Hainan, Guanxi, and Yunnan, characters
consistent, but more individuals have dorsum vertebral line in Yunnan specimens.
Obvious differences in other characters were absent.
Eggs: egg diameter 1.2 mm, deep brown in animal pole, cream white in vegetal
pole.
Biology: Live in rice paddies and pond or beside stream in 80-580 m a.s.l., in
there they live in grass. Male can climb up to about 1m high of plant leave, calling is
weak. Spwan times were from May to July. Accroding to Tsai Ming-Chang (1979: 73),
this frog spawned multiple times, each time spawned 124-253 eggs (n=2). Dissected
one female from Fujian (in May), SVL 32 mm, ovaries had 253 mature eggs, egg
diameter 1.3 mm, unmature eggs 0.6mm diameter and small follicle also. From this
analysis, Hylarana taipehensis possibly spawn 1-2 times each year. Tadpole
bottom-living, large tadpole can collect in July, but each time in small quantity.
Geographic Distribution: Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Taiwan, Guandong, Hong
Kong, Hainan, Guanxi, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia.
Fei Liang, Hu Shuqin, Ye Changyuan and Huang Yongzhao
2009
Fauna Sinica: Amphibia Vol. 2, Anura
Science Press, Beijing, China
Fauna Sinica
Hylarana (Hylarana) macrodactyla Gunther, 1858
Diagnosis: Body and hind leg slim; a total of 5 yellow longitudinal line on dorsum
and lateral side, dark marking in between; snout long and pointed; tibio-tarsal joint
reach tip of snout or exceed when hind leg adpressed forward and attached to body.
Morphology: Describe according to specimens from Hainan (26 males, 14
females, and eggs).
Adult: Body small and slim, male 28 mm SVL, female 40 mm SVL, other
measurements see Table 384. Head length obvious longer than head width; snout
length about 1.5 times of eye diameter; snout protrude lower lip in great extent;
canthus rostralis stout; loreal region slightly tilted to outer side, loreal face slightly
concave; nostril close to tip of snout; inter-narial distance equal to inter-orbital
distance; tympanum large and obvious, very close to rear side of eye, tympanum
smaller than eye diameter in females, larger in males; vomerine teeth two short row
(female more obvious than male), slightly tilted to mid line, left and right very far
apart.
Forearm thin, length of lower arm and hand (LAHL) less than half SVL; finger disc
very small, 1st finger round without groove, others with groove; 1st and 2nd finger
length equal, shorter than 4th finger; subarticular tubercles large and obvious;
supernumerary tubercles below the base of finger of the outer two fingers distant
from near side subarticular tubercles; 3 metacarpal tubercles, inner side large and
ovoid, outer side narrow and long, female more obvious than male. Hind limb long
and thin, about 1.9 times of SVL, tibio-tarsal joint reach tip of snout or exceed when
adpressed forward and attached to body; tibia length larger than half SVL; heel
overlap in large extent, tibia (TL) obviously longer than femur, tarsal (TFL) about 1.5
times of tibia; tip of toes same as tip of fingers; toe slim, 3rd toe slightly shorter than
5th toe, 5th toe exceed second near side subarticular tubercles of 4th toe, but 3rd
finger only reached; webbing slightly, webbing of 3rd, 4th, and 5th toes reach second
near side subarticular tubercle; outer metatarsal web reach base of metatarsal;
subarticular tubercles obvious; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, outer metatarsal
tubercle small and round.
Skin more smooth. Dorsal lateral fold thin and narrow, from rear of eye to thigh;
from rear tympanum to lateral side of body with discontinuous lateral fold parallel to
dorsal lateral fold; mental gland obvious from downside of eye to angle of mouth.
2-3 longitudinal glandular fold in femur and tibia each; Rear femoral gland large,
slightly long elliptical, located far side of rear femur; 2 tarsal fold at tarsal. Ventral
skin smooth, most specimens have gland in ventral of head, body and limbs, most
specimens have gland in ventral region; ventral of femur have granular flat warts.
Fauna Sinica
Dorsal light green or deep brown in life; tympanum and lateral body brown; a
yellow vertebral line from tip of snout to anus, dorsal-lateral fold and rear tympanum
to lateral body fold yellow, irregular black spots between these five longitudinal lines;
lip margin mental gland yellow, very obvious; dorsal of four limbs brown or
red-yellow, with black or deep colored transverse band, rear side of femur with 2-3
dark longitudinal band. Ventral side of body cream-yellow or grayish-white, more
yellowish in ventral side of four limbs. Specimens in preservative, fresh color in
dorsum, marking brown deep or light; ventral side yellowish-white, without marking.
Sexual dimorphism: male body smaller; tympanum larger, nuptial pad light gray;
male gland slight obvious in both dorsum, pink in color, absent in ventral; snout gland
present (Liu, 1936: 1201); vocal sac absent.
Eggs: dissected female collect at 11-15th September from Wengchang, Hainan,
egg diameter 1.3 mm, brown in animal pole, cream yellow in vegetal pole.
Biology: Live in pond full with grass or rice paddies where elevation below 250
m a.s.l., in there they appeared in grass, some were beside streams or ditches. Hardly
seen them in daylight, active in grass at night. In July 25 th 1964 collected 5 females in
Zhangzhou, Hainan, mature and unmature eggs present, 3 specimens’ eggs could see
through skin. 4 females collected in 11-16th September at Wengchang, Hainan, eggs
could see through skin also. Dissected these females, eggs large, animal pole and
vegetal pole obvious, oviduct enlarged or slightly enlarged, 5 lobes in each ovary, left
ovary with 89-220 mature eggs, right ovary with 56-207 mature eggs, each female
could spawn 300 eggs. Except that many unmature eggs in different development
stages present, diameter 0.4 mm, animal pole start to have pigment. According to
female ovary condition described above, Hylarana macrodactylus possibly have long
breeding season, spawn more than 2 times each year.
Geographic Distribution: Fujian?, Jianxi?, Hubei?, Guandong, Hong Kong, Macau,
Hainan, Guanxi; Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia.
Fei Liang, Hu Shuqin, Ye Changyuan and Huang Yongzhao
2009
Fauna Sinica: Amphibia Vol. 2, Anura
Science Press, Beijing, China