Classifying Matter
●
Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass
➢ Includes things that we can and cannot see
Substances and Mixtures
❖ Substance: form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct
properties
❖ Mixture: combination of two or more substance in which the substances retain
their distinct identities
➢ Homogeneous: composition of the mixture is the same throughout
➢ Heterogeneous: composition of the mixture is not uniform
★ Any mixture can be created and then separated by physical means into
pure components without changing the identities of components
➢ Solution: mixture that remains uniformly mixed
➔ solute: part of the mixture that gets dissolved
➔ solvent: part of the mixture that dissolved the solute
➢ Suspension: mixture where visible particles settle
➢ Colloid: mixture where particles are unevenly distributed but do not
separate
Elements and Compounds
❖
Element: substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by
chemical means
❖ Compound: substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically
united in fixed proportions
➢ Can only be separated by chemical means into pure components
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
❖ Physical Property: can be measured and observed without changing the
composition or identity of a substance
❖ Chemical Property: in order to observe this property, we must carry out a
chemical change
❖ Physical properties:
➢ Extensive property: depends on how much matter is being considered;
additive
➢ Intensive property: does not depend on how much matter is being
considered; not additive
Physical and Chemical Changes of Matter
❖ Physical change: change in a substance that does not involve a change in the
identity of the substance
❖ Chemical change: change in which one or more substances are converted into
different substances
➢ Evidence of chemical change:
- color change, temperature change, production of gas, change in
odor, formation of a precipitate
➔ precipitate: insoluble solid that separates out of a solution
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - classify the following as either an element, compound, or
mixture.
1. calcium
6. table salt
2. milk
7. lead
3. bread
8. alcohol
4. water
9. syrup
5. sodium
10. smoke
Physical vs. Chemical Properties - classify the following as either chemical or physical. Also state
whether it is an extensive or intensive property.
1. boiling point
6. volume
2. volume
7. combustibility
3. flammability
8. density
4. color
9. odor
5. reactivity
10. melting point
Physical Changes vs. Chemical Changes - classify the following as either a physical or chemical
change.
1. burning a log
2. salt dissolving in water
3. ice cube melts
4. iron rusts
5. paper being cut into pieces
Classify the following substances:
Next, label whether each substance is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
Answer Key:
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - classify the following as either an element, compound, or
mixture.
1. calcium
6. table salt
element
compound
2. milk
7. lead
mixture
element
3. vinegar
8. alcohol
mixture
compound
4. water
9. syrup
compound
mixture
5. sodium
10. smoke
element
mixture
Physical vs. Chemical Properties - classify the following as either chemical or physical. if it is
physical, state whether it is an extensive or intensive property.
1. boiling point
6. volume
intensive physical
extensive physical
2. volume
7. combustibility
extensive physical
chemical
3. flammability
8. density
chemical
extensive physical
4. color
9. odor
intensive physical
intensive physical
5. reactivity
10. melting point
chemical
intensive physical
Physical Changes vs. Chemical Changes - classify the following as either a physical or chemical
change.
1. burning a log
chemical change
2. salt dissolving in water
physical change
3. ice cube melts
physical change
4. iron rusts
chemical change
5. paper being cut into pieces
physical change
Classify the following substances:
Left:
A. a pure element
B. a diatomic element
C. a pure compound
D. a mixture of atoms of an element, a diatomic element, and a compound
Right:
A. a mixture of atoms of three different elements
B. a homogeneous mixture of atoms of two different elements
C. a heterogeneous mixture of atoms of two different elements
D. a pure element
Next, label whether each substance is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
A. Homogeneous
B. Homogeneous
C. Heterogeneous
D. Heterogeneous
E. Homogeneous
F. Homogeneous
G. Homogeneous
H. Heterogeneous
I. Homogeneous