1.
2.
3.
4.
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1.
Chemistry
Metal with Nonmetals a. metals are on the left side of the periodic table b. c. d. nonmetals are on the right side of the periodic table example: metal = Potassium, K nonmetal = Oxygen, O
Metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons
Examples: a. b. c. d.
K + 1
Ca
+2
with O
with Cl
Mg + 2

2

1
with N
= K
2
O = Potassium oxide
= CaCl

3 = Mg
Sodium sulfide = Na
3
+1
2
N
= Calcium chloride
2
= Magnesium nitride
with S

2
= Na
2
S
Mr. Fedell
When the metal is a transitional one, then you must use roman numbers to designate the metal’s oxidation number. a. Transitional metals have variable oxidation numbers. b. Silver, Ag, always has a +1 oxidation number. Zinc is always +2 (Don’t use c.
Roman numerals on these two transition metals – it would be redundant)
Lead (Pb) and Tin (Sn) also have variable oxidation numbers.
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
Fe
+3
with O

2
Fe + 2 with O

2
= Fe
2
O
3
= Iron (III) oxide
= FeO = Iron (II) oxide
Copper (I) phosphide = Cu + 1 with P

3 = Cu
3
P
Polyatomic ions are used in naming ionic compounds.
Examples: a. b. c. d.
Ag
+ 1
with NO
3

1
= AgNO
3
= Silver nitrate
Zn
+2
with NO
3

1
= Zn(NO
3
)
2
= Zinc nitrate
Ni
+2
with PO
4

3
= Ni
3
(PO
4
)
2
= Nickel (II) Phosphate
Ammonium carbonate = NH
4
+ 1
with CO
3

2
= (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
We use prefixes when naming covalent compounds.
Covalent compounds are when two nonmetals are bonded together.
Examples: a. CO = Carbon monoxide b. c. d. e. f.
Sulfur dioxide = SO
2
Dinitrogen trioxide = N
2
O
3
CF
4
= Carbon tetrafluoride
Phosphorus pentachloride = PCl
5
Sulfur hexafluoride = SF
6

Acids – chemicals that start with “H”
2 types - binary and ternary (2 & >2 elements, respectively) binary - H and one other type of atom name them hydro ic acid examples – HCl = Hydrochloric acid, H
2
S = Hydrosulfuric acid ternary - Replace the polyatomic endings as follows: -ate  -ic examples – HClO
3
(chloric acid), H
\2
CO
3
(carbonic acid), HNO
3
(nitric acid), etc.
Exceptions to ternary naming: H
3
PO
4
(phosphoric acid) & H
2
SO
4
(sulfuric acid)