Name: __________________________________________________
Period: _____________
10th Health
First Aid & Safety Unit
Basic Overview & Legal Considerations:
First Aid is the ______________________________ and ___________________________________ care given to an
injured or suddenly ill person.
It ____________ ____________ take the place of proper medical treatment.
________________________________________ are feelings and questions a person may have that could
prevent them from responding to an emergency.
__________________________ ________________________ involves an unresponsive victim in a life threating
condition.
•It is assumed or “implied” that an unresponsive victim would consent to lifesaving help.
IMPORTANT: Only perform first aid for what you have been ____________________!
_________________________________________________________ protects citizens who act in a way that is
“reasonable and prudent” when giving care.
C________________: First assess the scene by evaluating:
– Is the scene safe?
– What happened?
– How many injured people are there?
– Are there bystanders who can help?
• When providing care, begin by checking the person for life-threatening conditions.
C________________: If you encounter one of the following types of emergencies, call 9-1-1:
– Unconsciousness
– No signs of life
– Trouble breathing
– Persistent chest pain or pressure
• When in doubt, always call 9-1-1.
C _______________: for the victim until further help arrives. Make sure to get ________________________.
•
•
•
Reassure the person
Monitor the person's ABC’s
Help the person rest in the most comfortable position
Shock:
_____________________: Circulatory system failure when insufficient amounts of oxygenated blood are
provided to every body part.
Signs:
–
–
–
–
–
Altered mental state
Pale, cold, and clammy skin, lips and nail beds
Nausea and vomiting
Rapid breathing and pulse
Can be unresponsive
What to do:
• Lay the victim on his/her _________________________
•
Raise legs _____________ inches to allow blood to drain from legs back to the heart
•
Keep the victim ________________. Cover with blankets/coats.
Cardiac Arrest:
__________________ ______________________: Usually occur when one of the coronary arteries is blocked
by obstruction or spasm.
Signs & Symptoms:

Pressure in the ______________________
o Squeezing, fullness, can go away and come back

Pain spreads to the _________________________/_______________

Lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, nausea, shortness of breath
Cardiac Chain of Survival:
Early ___________________________________________
Early ___________________________________________
Early ___________________________________________
Early ___________________________________________
Heart Attack:
– Make victim comfortable
– Loosen tight clothing
– Check for medication
– Keep victim still
– Don’t give stimulants
Unresponsive Victim:
 Check _______________’s

Start ___________________________

Continue CPR/AED until _________________________________________

Each minute CPR/AED is delayed the rate of survival decreases by _______________!
AED Steps:
• Turn on the AED
•
Wipe the chest dry
•
Attach pads to ____________________________
•
Plug in the ____________________________________, if necessary
•
Make sure no one, including you, is _______________________________ the person.
•
Tell everyone to "__________________________________________!”
•
Push the analyze button if necessary, let the AED analyze heart rhythm
If AED advises you to shock the person:
•
•
•
Make sure no one, including you, is touching the person.
Tell everyone to "STAND CLEAR!"
Push the "shock" button, if necessary.
Breathing Emergencies:
Signs:




Fast or slow breathing
Having trouble with every breath
Noisy breathing
Can only make sounds or a few words
What to do:
 If the person is _______________________________________
o Ask them what injuries/difficulties they are experiencing
o Ask for permission to help and provide first aid

If the person is __________________________________________________
o Check for obvious signs of injury
o ABC’s
o Provide first aid/CPR
A = ______________________________ (Open? Tilt chin)
B = ______________________________ (Look, listen and feel)
C = _______________________________ (Signs of pulse/heartbeat)
To provide rescue breathing you must be certified.
You can provide HANDS only CPR.

Call 911

Push hard and fast in _________________________________________________ until help arrives.

Push at a rate of ___________ beats per minute.
Choking Adult (Conscious):
 Ask the person if they are choking and if you can help.

5 _____________ __________________
o One arm diagonal across chest, lean the person over

5 _____________________________ ____________________
o Use two fingers to find the navel, place fist directly above navel, use quick, upward
thrusts
Continue until the object is forced out

Choking Adult (Unconscious):
• Gently lower them to the ground
• Hands only CPR (or CPR if you’re certified)
• If you see the object you can sweep it out with your finger.
Bleeding Emergencies:
________________________: a break in the skin’s surface that results in external bleeding. It may allow
bacteria to enter and cause infection.
Types of Wounds:
1) _____________________________________
• The top layer of skin is removed with little or no blood loss
• A scrape
2) _____________________________________
• A cut skin with jagged, irregular edges caused by forceful tearing away of skin tissue
3) _____________________________________
• Smooth edges, resembles a surgical or
paper cut
4) _____________________________________
• Deep, narrow wound in skin and underlying organs
• Stab from a nail or knife
5) _____________________________________
• Flap of skin is torn loose and is either hanging from the body or completely removed
6) _____________________________________
• Cutting or tearing off of a body part such as a finger, toe, hand, foot, arm or leg
• Treat victim for shock
• Recover the amputated body part and put it on a bed ice if possible. (Cold but not frozen)
Treating Bleeding Emergencies:
• Check-Call-Care
•
Use ______________________
•
Cover wound with __________________________________________________________________________
•
Apply _______________________________
•
Use roller bandage (start from end farthest from the heart)
•
Overlap several times to cover the dressing, tape or tie off
•
Keep pressure on the wound
•
Do not ______________________________________, do not attempt to clean severely bleeding wound
•
First priority is to ______________________________________________________________
•
If there is an object embedded _______________________________________________________________
Internal Bleeding:
Signs:
- Bruises or contusions of the skin
- Painful, tender, rigid
- Vomiting or coughing up blood
Treatment: Same as shock but you ice area you
think may be bleeding
Burns:
_____________________________________________________
•
•
•
•
•
•
___________________________________; Only the skin’s ___________ layer (epidermis) is damaged
Symptoms: Redness, mild swelling, tenderness and pain.
What to do: Immerse in cold water 10-45 minutes or use cold, wet cloths
Cold stops burn progression
Can heal without scarring
____________________________________________________
•
•
•
_______________________________________ layer of skin (Epidermis and dermis) are damaged
Symptoms: Blisters, swelling, leaking of fluids, severe pain
What to do:
– Immerse in cold water/wet pack
– Do not break blisters
– Possibly seek medical attention
___________________________________________________
•
•
•
Severe burns that penetrate _______________________ layers into the underlying fat and muscle
Symptoms: Burned area appears gray/white, cherry red or black, no initial pain because
nerve endings are destroyed
What to do:
– Apply sterile, non-stick dressings
– Check ABC’s and treat for shock
– Get medical help
– Not necessary to apply cold, don’t apply ointment
Injuries to Muscles, Bones, Joints:
Signals:
–
–
–
–
–
Cannot use body part
Snap, pop or grating of bones
Loss of feeling
Bone fragments, swelling and deformity
Incident caused severe injury
R = __________________________________________
– Do not move or straighten injured area
I = __________________________________________
– Stabilize injured part in the position it was found, minimize movement
C = __________________________________________
– Apply icepack (thin barrier) for ____________ minutes
E = __________________________________________
– Do not elevate if it causes more pain
Two types of fractures:
_________________________________________:
 Skin is not broken, no visible wound near
the fracture site
_________________________________________:
• Skin over fracture has been damaged or
broken
• Bone may be protruding through the skin
Heat & Cold Related Emergencies:
_____________________________________________________
• Painful muscle spasms most often in the calves, arms, stomach and back
• Signs include muscle cramps, sweating and headache
• What to do?
– Rest and cool off
– Drink something that contains sugar and electrolytes
____________________________________________________
 Signs: Sweating, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, cramps, feeling faint and fatigue
 Move to cool place
 Lay victim down




Elevate feet
Loosen clothing
Give fluids
Apply cool compresses
____________________________________________________
 Signs: Very hot and dry skin, extreme tiredness and confusion
 Immediately call 911
 Cool the person down
 Monitor the victim
___________________________________________________: Freezing of a body part exposed to the cold
 Numbness or lack of feeling
• Skin appears waxy, cold to the touch or is discolored (flushed, black, white, yellow
or blue).
• Blisters may form in more serious cases; affected part may turn black and show
signs of deep tissue damage.
___________________________________________________: Body’s core temperature is lowered, ability
to function becomes impaired
• Shivering.
• Numbness.
• Glassy stare.
• Indifference.
• Loss of consciousness
Concussion:
A violent jarring or shaking that results in a disturbance of brain function.
•
__________________________________ that lasts from moments to several minutes
•
__________________________________
•
Repeated questioning about what happened
•
•
Temporary _______________________________________________, especially for periods immediately
before and after the injury
Brief loss of _________________________________________________
•
Nausea and ___________________________________
•
Speech problems that include the person being unable to ______________________________________
or obey simple commands
•
__________________________________________________ or sensitivity to light
Grade 1 Concussion: Symptoms last for less than 15 minutes, no loss of consciousness.
Grade 2 Concussion: No loss of consciousness but symptoms last longer than 15 minutes.
Grade 3 Concussion: Person loses consciousness, sometimes just for a few seconds.
Alcohol Poisoning:
Symptoms:
• Mental confusion or _________________________________________________
•
Repeated _____________________________
•
________________________________________________
•
Slow or irregular _____________________________________
•
Low ____________________________________________________________
•
Pale, clammy, or _____________________________________
How to help:
• Put the person in the recovery position.
• Make sure they're breathing and that their mouth is empty.
• Clear any vomit away from their mouth.
• If they stop breathing, start CPR
• Loosen any tight clothing that might restrict their breathing.
• Keep them warm - use blankets or a coat (but not too warm).
•
Don’t ________________________ someone who is unconscious or vomiting
•
Don’t give someone ______________, even water, if you think they're in shock or unconscious.
•
Don’t leave someone ___________________, especially if they are unconscious.
Poison Control Phone Number 1-800-222-1222
First Aid Basic Rules:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Protect yourself
Keep calm
Get help-911
Do not move the victim
Reassure the victim
Determine what to do (breathing, bleeding)
Do it with confidence
Fire Safety:
-
Any fire is an emergency situation
What are possible dangers in your home?
Never put out a grease fire with _________________________________
-
Cover the fire with a wet ___________________________
-
Put the _________ on the pan
-
Throw ___________________________________ on the grease
Your ___________________________________________________________ is your first line of defense

Change the batteries every __________ months
E=
D=
I=
T=
H=
Step 1 is to _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2 is to _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Personal Safety:
Preventative Behaviors to reduce risk of violence
1. Give up personal property if that’s what attacker wants
2. Avoid areas known to have high incidence of crime
3. Avoid walking alone at night.
4. Have car keys ready-check back seat
5. Park in well lit area
6. Don’t put wallet/purse in easy to grab area
7. Stay alert to what is going on around you.
8. Report suspicious license numbers to police
9. Always make sure friend is in their house before you leave when giving ride.
10. Walk quickly, act assertively
11. Consider a self-defense class.