AMERICAN RED CROSS
CPR
SECTION II
Conscious Choking Victim
• A breathing emergency is life threatening
and occurs when a victim is having trouble
breathing or cannot breathe.
• If a victim is conscious and cannot cough,
speak or breathe, suspect that the victim has
an object blocking the airway.
Signals of a Breathing Emergency
• Breathing is unusually
shallow or deep
• Breathing is unusually
slow or rapid
• Victim is gasping for
breath
• Victim is wheezing,
gurgling or making
high pitched noises
• Victim’s skin is
unusually moist, pale,
flushed, or ashen
• Victim feels short of
breath
• Victim feels
lightheaded
• Victim feels pain or
discomfort in the chest
• Tingling in hands or
feet
Conscious Choking Adult
Conscious Choking Adult
• If coughing, encourage to continue to cough
• If not coughing or breathing:
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Stand behind the person
Place arm across the chest to support the victim
Have victim bend over
Deliver 5 back blows over the shoulder blades
Deliver 5 abdominal thrusts in the middle of the
abdomen just above the navel.
Conscious Choking Adult
Breathing devices
• Serve as a barrier between the responder
and the victim.
• Are easy to use.
• Do not delay care while searching for a
breathing barrier or learning how to use
one.
• If available, barriers should be used instead
of direct mouth to mouth contact
Breathing Barriers
• Other materials may be used.
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Plastic bag
Trash bag
Sandwich bag
Plastic wrap
Rescue Breathing
Child / Infant
• Injury or illness can sometimes cause a
person to stop breathing
• Rescue breathing is the process of breathing
air into a non-breathing person
• Rescue breathing is done at a rate of 1
breath every 3 seconds
• Check for a pulse every two minute, about
40 breaths.
Rescue Breathing
Rescue Breathing
• It is natural to feel uncomfortable about
making mouth-to-mouth contact with a
stranger, even though the risk of disease
transmission is low.
• You may have to do mouth to nose
• You may have to do mouth to stoma
• You may have to do a jaw thrust
Recognizing a Heart Attack
• About 1 million people per year suffer heart attack
• About 500,000 people per year die from heart
attack, most within the first 2 hours
• Many lives are lost because people deny that they
are having a heart attack and delay calling 911
• Recognizing the signs of heart attack and calling
911 before cardiac arrest are critical elements in
saving lives
Recognizing a Heart Attack
Signals of a Heart Attack
• Persistent chest pain or discomfort lasting more
than 5 minutes or does not go away
• Discomfort, pain or pressure in either arm
• Discomfort pain or pressure that spreads to the
shoulder, arm, neck or jaw
• Dizziness or unconsciousness
• Trouble breathing
• Nausea
• Skin appearance pale or ashen
• Sweating
CARE FAST
Cardiac Chain of Survival
• The video segment shows the Cardiac
Chain of Survival for a victim of cardiac
arrest.
• The video will also show the use of an AED
• An AED analyzes the heart’s rhythm and if
necessary, advises and delivers a shock
• Us of the AED is not taught in this course,
but is shown to show its role
Cardiac Chain of Survival
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Early recognition and early access
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Early advanced life support
ADULT CPR
• A person is in cardiac arrest if he or she is
unconscious, not breathing and shows no
signs of circulation
• A rescuer can help circulate blood
containing oxygen by compressing the
victim’s chest and giving rescue breaths
• This is called cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR)
ADULT CPR
• A cycle of CPR is 30 COMPRESSIONS –
TWO BREATHS
• Do CPR until you are
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The scene becomes unsafe
Too exhausted to go on,
Relieved by equal or higher trained personnel
An AED is available
• Recheck the pulse when you see obvious
signs of life
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
• Heart disease is the leading cause of death
for adults in the US.
• Most are older adults, although becoming
common in adults under 45.
• Heart disease can be prevented
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
• Exercise
– Three times a week, 20-30 minutes
• Blood Pressure
– Uncontrolled BP is dangerous to heart and
other organs
• Weight
– Obesity is defined as 20% more than your
desirable weight.
• Diet
– Diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol
increase the risk of coronary heart disease.
EXAMINATION