Gateway Science Midterm Review/January, 2013
 Exam date is Tuesday, January 15, from 11:30-1:30.
 This is a reading skills-based and vocabulary-driven midterm exam.
 The topics covered include the following parts of your Life Science textbook:
o Handbooks A and B;
o Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
 In addition, the unit we did on charts and graphs is included.
Handbook A Review:
Six science process skills are listed in the box below. Decide which science skills you would be using in each of
the following problems. Write the name of the skill in the space provided.
Observing and Comparing
Modeling and Simulating
Analyzing Data
Classifying Data
Communicating Results
Making Predictions
Measuring
_____________________________
1. You create a bar graph that shows the results of a class survey.
_____________________________
2. You determine how many kilometers it is from your home to the
park.
_____________________________
3. You predict that your school’s basketball team will win their next
game since they won the last three games in
a row.
_____________________________
4. You rearrange your video collection in alphabetical order.
_____________________________
5. You see a squirrel jump from a tree to the rooftop of a house.
_____________________________
6. You build a model of the Titanic.
_____________________________
7. You draw a map of your city to scale.
_____________________________
8. You prepare 2 cups of diced tomatoes to make a taco salad.
_____________________________
9. You explain how to solve a logic puzzle to your sister.
_____________________________ 10. You reorganize the shirts in your closet by color.
Measuring Length:
11. Name the three systems of measurement. ____________________________________________________
12. What is the basic unit for length and distance in the metric system? ________________________________
13. What do the letters “SI” stand for? __________________________________________________________
14. What instrument is used to measure length? __________________________________________________
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Complete the table. Then, answer the questions.
METRIC PREFIXES
Prefix
Meaning
15.How many meters are in 10 kilometers? _____________________________
Kilo1/100
16.How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter? __________________________
17.How many centimeters are in 2 meters? _____________________________
Milli100
18.How many decimeters are in 1 meter? ______________________________
Deci10
Answer the questions about the metric ruler shown in the diagram below.
19. a. How many millimeters are shown at point A? __________________ b. centimeters? _______________
20. a. How many millimeters are shown at point B? __________________ b. centimeters? _______________
21. How many millimeters are shown at point C? __________________________________________________
22. How many centimeters are shown at point D? _________________________________________________
23. What is the relationship between millimeters and centimeters? ___________________________________
24. a. How many centimeters are there on a meter stick? ___________________________________________
Measuring Area and Volume
25. What is area? ___________________________________________________________________________
26. What is the formula for calculating area? _____________________________________________________
27. Name two metric units that are used to express area. ___________________________________________
28. What is volume? _________________________________________________________________________
29. What is the formula for calculating volume? ___________________________________________________
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Measuring Mass and Weight
Use a term from the box below to complete each statement. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
mass
gram
measure
weight
balance
Earth
riders
one thousand
pan
30. The amount of matter in something is its _____________________________________________________ .
31. The basic metric unit of mass is called a ______________________________________________________ .
32. A _____________________________________________________________________ works like a seesaw.
33. The object being measured on a triple-beam balance is placed on a ________________________________ .
34. A triple-beam balance has three weights called _____________________ that are moved along each beam.
35. Since there are 1,000 centimeters in a kilometer, there are ______________________ grams in a kilogram.
36. Weight is the _______________________________________________ of the pull of gravity on an object.
37. Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the ____________________________________ .
38. The strength of the pull of gravity on Earth is constant. So, ____________________________ changes as an
object’s mass changes.
Measuring Temperature
39. What is temperature? _____________________________________________________________________
40. What instrument is used to measure temperature? _____________________________________________
41. What are the names of the three temperature scales? ___________________________________________
42. Which temperature scale is usually used by scientists? ___________________________________________
43. What is the SI unit of temperature? __________________________________________________________
You can easily convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales by using the following formulas.
(9 ÷ 5  C) + 32 = F
(5 ÷ 9)  ( F – 32) = C
Use the formulas to complete the table below. Round your answer to the nearest whole degree.
COMPARING TEMPERATURES
Temperature
44. Freezing point of water
°F
°C
32
45. Room temperature
8
46. Hot summer temperature
90
47. Boiling point of water
212
48. Cold winter temperature
–40
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in Alaska
Analyzing Data and Communicating Results
49. In scientific experiments, it is important to organize your _________________________________________ .
50. Scientists often organize information visually by using tables, charts, graphs, and _____________________ .
51. Graphs and tables make it easier to compare and ___________________________________________ data.
52. Tables are made up of rows and ____________________________________________________________ .
53. Information in a table can be arranged in time order or arranged to show ___________________ or trends.
54. _______________________________ , line graphs, and circle graphs often use special coloring, shading, or
patterns to represent information.
55. Line graphs have horizontal and _______________________________ axes to indicate such things as time and
quantities.
56. __________________________________________ graphs show how part of something relates to a whole.
Forty students were asked to choose their favorite food at a carnival. At left, the
survey results are given in a table. At right, the same information is displayed in a circle
graph. Study the table and graph. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Choice
Number of Students
Candied Apple
4
Corn Dog
6
Cotton Candy
10
Popcorn
20
57. What percentage of the students chose cotton candy as their favorite? _____________________________
58. Which carnival food was voted the most favorite? least favorite? __________________________________
59. What percentage of the students voted for either candied apples or corn dogs? ______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
60. What information is in the table that you cannot see in the circle graph? ____________________________
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Handbook B Review:
61. What is the scientific method? _____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
62. Explain why scientists may not use all of the steps in the scientific method to solve a problem.
______________________________________________________________________________________
63. List the steps of the scientific method in order. ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
64. a. What is a hypothesis? __________________________________________________________________
b. Why is it important to make your hypothesis specific? ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
65. a. What is a theory? _____________________________________________________________________
b. How is a theory different from a hypothesis? _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
66. a. What is a variable in an experiment? ______________________________________________________
b. What is a constant in an experiment? _____________________________________________________
67. How does a scientist set up a controlled experiment? __________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
68. What does a scientist do with the data collected? _____________________________________________
69. What do you think must be done if a conclusion does not support the hypothesis stated at the beginning of
an experiment? __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
70. What should be included in a good lab report? ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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Handbooks A and B Key Term Review
In the spaces provided, write the Key Term that best fits each description. Unscramble the letters in brackets
[ ___ ] to spell a topic that is discussed in the Handbooks A or B. Write the topic in the space provided at the
bottom of the page. Then, explain the meaning of the topic in one or two sentences.
71. Information collected during an experiment ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___
72. Tool that represents an object or process ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
73. Basic metric unit of length ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___
74. Anything that can affect the outcome of an experiment ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___
75. Measure of how much heat energy something contains
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___
76. Computer model that usually shows a process ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ]
77. Basic metric unit of liquid volume ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___
78. Amount of matter in an object ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ]
79. Suggested answer to a question or problem ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___
80. Basic metric unit of mass ___ ___ ___ ___
81. Something that does not change [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
82. State ahead of time what might happen ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___
83. An experiment in which all the conditions except one are kept constant
[ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
84. Amount of space an object takes up ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
85. Set of hypotheses that have been supported by repeated testing ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
86. Curve at the surface of a liquid in a thin tube ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
87. Form a conclusion at the end of an experiment ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___
88. Amount used to measure something ___ ___ ___ ___
89. Sharing information ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Topic: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Explanation: _______________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 1: Characteristics of Living Things
Match each Key Term in Column B with its definition in Column A. Write the correct letter in the space
provided.
Column A
Column B
_________ 90. ways in which living things respond to stimuli
a. migration
_________ 91. reproduction needing only one parent
b. cellular respiration
_________ 92. any living thing
c. offspring
_________ 93. idea that living things come from nonliving things
d. hibernation
_________ 94. an organism that can make its own food
_________ 95. process of getting rid of wastes
e. asexual
reproduction
_________ 96. something produced in addition to the main product
f. digestion
_________ 97. change that causes a response
g. cell
_________ 98. chemical substance that is needed to carry out life processes
h. excretion
_________ 99. new organisms produced by a living thing
_________ 100. reproduction needing two parents
i. spontaneous
generation
_________ 101. movement of animals from one living place to another
j. ingestion
_________ 102. process by which a cell releases energy from food molecules
k. byproduct
_________ 103. basic unit of structure and function in living things
l. homeostasis
_________ 104. inactive state of some animals during winter months
m. organism
_________ 105. process by which living things produce new organisms
n. reproduction
_________ 106. process of breaking down food into usable forms
o. transport
_________ 107. ability of a living thing to keep conditions inside its body constant
p. behavior
_________ 108. process of moving nutrients and wastes in a living thing
q. nutrient
_________ 109. process of taking in food
r. autotroph
s. stimulus
t. sexual reproduction
_________ 110. The study of the area of science that deals with living things is called
a. specialization. b. life science. c. geology. d. anatomy.
_________ 111. The study of one part of a subject is called
a. specialization. b. botany. c. anatomy.
d. microbiology.
_________ 112. The idea that living things come from nonliving things is called
a. spontaneous generation. b. homeostasis. c. reproduction.
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d. adaptation.
_________ 113. All of the following statements are true about every organism except
a. all organisms use energy.
b. all organisms are made up of cells.
c. all organisms grow and develop.
d. all organisms reproduce by fission.
_________ 114. The inactive state of some animals during the winter months is called
a. migration. b. adaptation. c. hibernation. d. homeostasis.
_________ 115. A ringing alarm clock is an example of
a. an organism. b. a stimulus. c. a response.
_________ 116. Taking in food is the process of
a. digestion. b. excretion. c. ingestion.
d. an adaptation.
d. respiration.
_________ 117. A method of reproduction that needs only one parent is
a. asexual reproduction.
b. adaptation.
c. spontaneous generation.
d. sexual reproduction.
_________ 118
The process by which nutrients and wastes move through a living thing is called
a. ingestion. b. transport. c. digestion. d. respiration.
_________ 119. Most chemical changes in living things cannot take place without
a. water. b. air. c. oxygen. d. food.
_________ 121. Asexual reproduction in which the parent organism splits in two is
a. fission. b. budding. c. spontaneous generation. d. homeostasis.
_________ 122. All of the following are products of cellular respiration except
a. carbon dioxide. b. energy. c. water. d. oxygen.
_________ 123. The movement of animals from one living space to another and back again is called
a. hibernation. b. adaptation. c. migration. d. fission.
_________ 124. A plant turning its leaves towards the Sun is an example of
a. a response. b. a stimulus. c. migration. d. hibernation.
_________ 125. The process of getting rid of waste products is called
a. digestion. b. excretion. c. ingestion. d. respiration.
_________ 126. The initial source of energy for most living things is
a. water. b. green plants. c. food. d. the Sun.
_________ 127. Most living things reproduce by
a. asexual reproduction. b. budding.
c. sexual reproduction.
d. fission.
Chapter 2: Cell Structure and Function
_________ 128. A scientific tool that makes objects appear larger than they really are is a
a. scale. b. thermometer. c. balance. d. microscope.
_________ 129. A piece of curved glass that causes light rays to come together or spread apart as they
pass through is a
a. lens. b. meter stick. c. balance. d. microscope.
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_________ 130. The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the
a. nucleus. b. membrane. c. cell. d. chloroplast.
_________ 131. The thin structure that surrounds a cell is known as
a. a nucleus. b. a cell membrane. c. cytoplasm.
_________ 132. The control center of a cell is the
a. cell wall. b. organelles. c. cytoplasm.
d. a vacuole.
d. nucleus.
_________ 133. All the living material inside a cell, except the nucleus, makes up the
a. cytoplasm. b. membranes. c. vacuole. d. mitochondria.
_________ 134. The movement of material from a more crowded area to a less crowded area is called
a. osmosis. b. photosynthesis. c. respiration. d. diffusion.
_________ 135. Small, round structures in a cell that make proteins are known as
a. cellulose. b. ribosomes. c. vacuoles. d. mitochondria.
_________ 136. The movement of water through a membrane is called
a. diffusion. b. synthesis. c. osmosis. d. photosynthesis.
_________ 137. The process by which cells reproduce is
a. diffusion. b. osmosis. c. cell division.
d. respiration.
_________ 138. The cell structures that break down food to produce energy are the
a. ribosomes. b. mitochondria. c. vacuoles. d. chloroplasts.
_________ 139. The cell structures that break down nutrient molecules and old cell parts are known as
a. ribosomes. b. lysosomes. c. vacuoles. d. chloroplasts.
_________ 140. The small network of tubes that makes proteins in the cell is known as the
a. lysosomes. b. mitochondria. c. vacuoles. d. endoplasmic reticulum.
_________ 141. Animal cells have all of the following except
a. ribosomes. b. mitochondria. c. vacuoles.
d. a cell wall.
_________ 142. The specialized cells that carry information throughout the body are known as
a. white blood cells. b. red blood cells. c. nerve cells. d. guard cells.
_________ 143. The movement of materials through a membrane without the use of energy is known as
a. passive transport. b. photosynthesis. c. active transport. d. fermentation.
_________ 144. The nucleus of a cell divides by the process of
a. mitosis. b. osmosis. c. diffusion. d. respiration.
_________ 145. Oxygen is carried throughout the body by
a. white blood cells. b. red blood cells. c. guard cells.
d. bone cells.
_________ 146. All of the following are types of organelles except
a. ribosomes. b. cell walls. c. mitochondria. d. vacuoles.
_________ 147. All of the following are found only in plant cells except
a. vacuoles. b. cell walls. c. chlorophyll. d. chloroplasts.
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Interpreting Diagrams Use the terms listed in the box to label the diagram below. Write your answers in the
spaces provided. Then, answer the questions.
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
nucleus
vacuole
B
A
__________________________ 1.
__________________________ 2.
__________________________ 3.
__________________________ 4.
__________________________ 5.
148. What kind of cell is shown in Part A of the diagram? ___________________________________________
149. What kind of cell is shown in Part B of the diagram? ____________________________________________
150. What are three jobs of the cell membrane? __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
151. What part of the cell is made up of cellulose? _________________________________________________
152. What part of the cell is needed to make food? ________________________________________________
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Use these diagrams of cells to answer the questions below.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
153.What kind of cell is shown in Figure A? _______________________________________________________
154.What kind of cell is shown in Figure B? _______________________________________________________
155.What kind of cell is shown in Figure C? _______________________________________________________
156.What kinds of cells are shown in Figure D? ____________________________________________________
157.What kinds of cells are shown in Figure E? ____________________________________________________
158.Which of the cells are plant cells? How can you tell? ____________________________________________
159.What is the function of the cell shown in Figure A? _____________________________________________
160.What is the function of the cell shown in Figure E? _____________________________________________
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Chapter 2 Key Terms Review:
Column A
Column B
_________ 161. tool that makes things look larger than they really are
a. cell wall
_________ 162. small, round structures that make proteins
b. ribosomes
_________ 163. basic unit of structure in living things
c. organelles
_________ 164. division of the nucleus
d. cell membrane
_________ 165. forms most of the cell wall of a plant cell
e. vacuole
_________ 166. process by which cells reproduce
f. osmosis
_________ 167. space in cytoplasm that stores substances
g. mitosis
_________ 168. structures that release energy from a cell
h. nucleus
_________ 169. structure in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll
i. lens
_________ 170. control center of a cell
j. cell division
_________ 171. small structures in cytoplasm that do special jobs
k. microscope
_________ 172. piece of curved glass or other clear material that causes light rays
to come together or spread apart as they pass through
l. chloroplast
_________ 173. movement of water through a membrane
m. cell
n. mitochondria
_________ 174. thin structure that surrounds a cell
o. endoplasmic
reticulum
_________ 175. thin structure that surrounds and protects the nucleus
_________ 176. organelle that packages and sends materials to other places
p. nuclear
membrane
_________ 177. small, round structure that breaks down nutrient molecules and
old cell parts
q. cellulose
__________ 178. thick outer layer that surrounds the membranes of plants and
some simple organisms
r. cytoplasm
s. lysosome
_________ 179. small network of tubes that substances move along
_________ 180. gel-like substance inside the cell where most of the cell’s activities
take place
t. Golgi body
Chapter 3: Heredity and Genetics
_________ 181. A gene combination in which a mixture of traits shows is called
a. purifying. b. incomplete dominance. c. hybridization. d. codominance.
_________ 182. Traits that are inherited with sex chromosomes are
a. inherited traits. b. sex-linked traits. c. controlled traits.
_________ 183. The mating of organisms with very similar genes is
a. controlled breeding. b. replication. c. inbreeding.
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d. uncontrolled traits.
d. hybridization.
_________ 184. Characteristics of an organism are called
a. traits. b. genes. c. chromosomes. d. DNA.
_________ 185. An organism with two like genes for a trait is said to be
a. heterozygous. b. homozygous. c. dominant. d. recessive.
_________ 186. A molecule of DNA contains all of the following except
a. nitrogen bases. b. sugar. c. sulfur. d. phosphates.
_________ 187. When the parents are homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive, all the
offspring are
a. homozygous recessive.
b. heterozygous recessive.
c. heterozygous dominant.
d. homozygous dominant.
_________ 188. The inherited disease that stops the body from producing an enzyme needed
to break down fat is
a. Tay-Sachs. b. PKU. c. sickle-cell anemia. d. hemophilia.
_________ 189. A dominant gene usually shows itself over a
a. homozygous gene.
b. heterozygous gene.
c. recessive gene.
d. sex-linked trait.
_________ 190. The process by which plants with desirable traits are crossed until a new
variety of plant is developed is called
a. controlled breeding. b. mass selection. c. hybridization. d. replication.
_________ 191. An organism receives chromosomes from
a. the environment. b. the atmosphere.
c. its parents.
d. mutations.
_________ 192. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
a. heredity. b. genetics. c. reproduction. d. chromosomes.
_________ 193. Inherited traits are controlled by
a. cells. b. cytoplasm. c. genes.
d. cell division.
_________ 194. The process by which DNA is duplicated is called
a. duplication. b. replication. c. reproduction.
d. cell division.
_________ 195. A pea plant with two tall genes is said to be
a. homozygous tall.
b. heterozygous tall.
c. heterozygous short.
d. homozygous short.
_________ 196. A Punnettt square shows possible combinations of
a. DNA. b. chromosomes. c. traits. d. genes.
_________ 197. A type of cell division that produces gametes is
a. replication. b. meiosis. c. heredity. d. codominance.
_________ 198. A sperm cell can contain
a. two X chromosomes.
c. two Y chromosomes.
b. one X and one Y chromosome.
d. one X chromosome.
_________ 199. Most of the genes for sex-linked traits are carried on the
a. Y chromosome. b. Y gene. c. X chromosome. d. X gene.
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_________ 200. The sides of a DNA ladder are made up of
a. nitrogen bases. b. proteins c. melanin.
d. sugars and phosphates.
Interpreting Diagrams Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
(Father)
B
b
Key
B = Brown
b = Blue
(Mother)
b
Bb
b
b
Bb
b
201. What color eyes does the father have? ______________________________________________________
202. What color eyes does the mother have? _____________________________________________________
203. What gene combination should appear in the two boxes that are blank? ___________________________
204. What percentage chance is there that one of the offspring will be heterozygous dominant? What gene
combination would this offspring have? _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
205. What percentage chance is there that one of the offspring will be homozygous recessive? What gene
combination would this offspring have? _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
206. Which parent is heterozygous for the trait? __________________________________________________
207. Which parent is homozygous for the trait? ___________________________________________________
208. Is there a chance that all of the offspring of this couple will have children with blue eyes? Explain your
answer. _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 3 Key Terms Review
In the spaces provided, write the term that best fits each description. Unscramble the letters in brackets [ ___ ]
to spell a topic that is discussed in this chapter. Write the topic in the space provided at the bottom of the
page. Then, explain the meaning of the topic in one or two sentences.
209. Stronger gene that always shows itself ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___
210. Chart that shows possible gene combinations
[ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
211. Mating two different kinds of organisms ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ]
212. Traits that are controlled by the X and Y chromosomes
___ ___ ___ – [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
213. Study of heredity [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
214. Characteristic ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___
215. Mating organisms to produce offspring with certain traits
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
216. Chemical contained in chromosomes ___ [ ___ ] ___
217. Traits that are passed from parents to their offspring
___ ___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
218. Having two unlike genes ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ]
219. Mating closely related organisms ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ [ ___ ]
220. Weaker gene that is hidden when the dominant gene is present
___ ___ [ ___ ] ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Topic: ___ ___ ___ ___
Explanation:
___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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