NAME:__________________________________
Chapter 5 (Biochemistry) Guided Notes: Introduction to Organic Molecules (Macromolecules)
-Inorganic Molecules:
Example:
-Organic Molecules:
Example:
-Monomer:
Example:
-Dimer:
Example:
-Polymer:
Example:
Draw a picture of a monomer:
Now illustrate how that monomer would look if it bonded with other monomers and made a polymer
-HydroCarbon:
-____________________ organic molecule
Prefix of the Hydrocarbon Name:
Prefix
MethEthPropButPentHex-
Number of Carbons
Suffix of the Hydrocarbon Name:
Type of the Hydrocarbon
Suffix of Hydrocarbon
Number of bonds between the Carbons
**_________________________________________________________**
NAME:__________________________________
-Other important prefixes to know :
Mono: ____________
-Other important suffixes to know :
-philic:______________
Poly: ____________
-phobic:_____________
(Hydrophilic means ____________________ and Hydrophobic means ______________________)
Building and Breaking Organic Molecules (Macromolecules):
1.) To BUILD a ___________________________ from many _______________________________
you must complete __________________________________________________________.
a. Dehydration Synthesis:____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
i. Water is in the __________________________.
2.) To BREAK a ___________________________ into many _______________________________
you must complete __________________________________________________________.
a. Hydrolysis: _____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
i. Water is in the __________________________.
Four Main Types of Organic Molecules (Polymers): Fill in the table below using the last slide
-The four most common elements in living things are:_________________________________________
-These combine to make the for main types of:________________________________________
Four Main Types of Organic Molecules (Macromolecules)
Carbohydrate
Example of that Organic Molecule
Butter
Nucleic Acid
NAME:__________________________________
Chapter 5 (Biochemistry) Guided Notes: Carbohydrates
-Carbohydrates ___________________________________________________________________
-__________________________:_______________________________________
- Carbohydrates contain the elements:_____________________________________________
-_____________________________________________________________________
-__________________________ : is the monomer of a _____________________________________
-___________________________________________________________________________
-Examples of monosaccharides are :________________________________________
-Monosaccharides are the ______________________________________________
-Can be combined to make __________________________
-Disaccharides:_______________________________________________________________________
-_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
-Examples of a disaccharide are:_____________________________________________
-Polysaccharides:_______________________________________________________________________
-______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
-Examples of a polysaccharide are:____________________________________________
NAME:__________________________________
-Types of polysaccharides
Type of Polysaccharide
Description of Polysaccharide
OVERVIEW:
*The monomer of carbohydrates:___________________________________
*The polymer of carbohydrates:____________________________________
Carbs are used for:____________________________ and __________________________________
Label the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
NAME:__________________________________
Chapter 5 Guided Notes: Lipids and Nucleic Acids
-Lipids: ___________________________________________
-Considered _____________________ (water-____________________)
-______________________________________________________________________________
-Monomers of a lipid: ____________________________________________________________
-If the bonds between the carbons are_______________ than its considered a
_____________________________.
-If there are any _____________ ___between the carbons its considered a
_____________________________.
*Draw a picture of a saturated hydrocarbon chain*
*Draw a picture of an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain*
-Polymer of a lipid:_______________________________________________________________
-Saturated Fats
- _________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________
- Examples: _______________________________________________
-Unsaturated Fat
- _________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________
- Examples: _______________________________________________
-Which of the fats are healthier? Why?
-Steroids are a type of ______________________________.
-______________________________________________________________________________
NAME:__________________________________
-______________________________________________________________________________
-______________________________________________________________________________
-Examples: _____________________________________________________________________
-Nucleic Acids
-______________________________________________________________________________
-Examples:_______________________________________________________________
-______________________________________________________________________________
-A nucleotide is made up of a:_______________________________________________
-______________________________________________________________________________
Overview:
The monomer of a lipid is made up of: ______________________________________
The polymer of a lipid is called a: ___________________________________________
A lipid can be _______________ or _______________-with the healthier type being _______________
The monomer of a nucleic acid is a: _________________________________________
The polymers of a nucleic acid are:___________________________________________
Label the following images as a monomer of a lipid, saturated, unsaturated, polymer of a lipid,
nucleotide, and/or DNA/RNA.
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
NAME:__________________________________
Chapter 5 Guided Notes: Proteins
-Proteins
-______________________________________________________________________________
-_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
-______________________________________________________________________________
-Protein Structure
-The__________________ of a protein is a:__________________________________________
-There are __________________________________________________________
-The structure of a protein starts with the _______________________________________
1. _____________________
2.______________________
3.______________________
4.______________________
-Gives the __________________
___________________________
-Practice
-Building a protein
-______________________________________________________________________________
-What type of reaction combines two things?___________________________________
-Dipeptide: _____________________________________________________________________
NAME:__________________________________
-Peptide Bond:_________________________________________________________________________
-Polypeptide:_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
-The _____________ of a protein is a ______________________
-Protein Function
-______________________________________________________________________________
-_______________________________________________________________________
-_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
-__________________________________________________________
Overview:
The monomer of a protein is a: ______________________________________
The polymer of protein is a: ___________________________________________
The four parts that make up an amino acid are: ________________________,_____________________,
_______________________,______________________.
The ______________________ group gives the amino acid its properties.
Denaturation is________________________________________________________________________
Label the following images as an amino acid, dipeptide, or polypeptide.
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
NAME:__________________________________
Enzymes
We've been talking about the types or organic molecules in your body and how molecules can grow
from monomers to polymers and vice versa. You should know that it doesn't happen on its own. If
you leave a blob of protein in a petri dish will it just break down to the amino acids? NO. What will
break down proteins? Enzymes! Enzymes are the biological substance (PROTEINS) that act as
CATALYSTS and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life.
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of
energy needed to start that reaction otherwise known as activation energy.
LOCKS AND KEYS
When you go home at night and the door is locked, can it open itself? Nope. You need a key that is
just the right shape to fit in that lock. Otherwise you're stuck in the cold. Enzymes work in a
similar way. Enzymes complete very specific jobs and do nothing else. They are very specific locks
and the compounds they work with are the special keys.
Here's the deal... There are four steps in the process of an enzyme working.
(1) An enzyme and a SUBSTRATE are in the same area. The substrate is the biological molecule
that the enzyme will work on.
(2) The enzyme grabs onto the substrate with a special area called the ACTIVE SITE. The active
site is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate. The active site is the
keyhole of the lock.
(3) A process called CATALYSIS happens. Catalysis is when the substrate is changed. It could be
broken down or combined with another molecule to make something new.
(4) Then the enzyme lets go. Big idea - When the enzyme lets go, it returns to normal, ready to do
another reaction. The substrate is no longer the same. The substrate is now called the PRODUCT.
NAME:__________________________________
CAN YOU STOP THEM?
Good question! We know what you're thinking. What if enzymes just kept going and converted every
molecule in the world? It would never stop... like a monster! Not like a monster, but you're on the
right track. Enzymes sometimes need to be controlled. Other times they are controlled because of
poisons and contaminants. So what affects enzyme activity?
(1) TEMPERATURE: Proteins change shape as temperatures change. Because so much of an
enzyme's activity is based on its shape, temperature changes can mess up the process and the
enzyme won't work. When the enzyme changes shape this is called Denaturation.
(2) pH LEVELS: In the same way that temperature can change the shape of proteins, the acidity of
the environment does the same thing. Remember that the pH is a measure of how acidic or basic
something is.
Analysis Questions: After Reading the information on enzymes answer the following questions:
1. What is an enzyme?
2. What is a catalyst?
3. What is activation energy?
4. What do enzymes do to activation energy?
5. What is a substrate?
6. What is the active site and what is its job?
7. Draw an enzyme. Label the active site and the substrate.
8. What things can affect the way enzymes work? Explain how each thing affects an enzyme.