FORMAL REPORT OF GROUP II (III-Pablo)
Name
Signature
MOISES MARION R. SILVESTRE
(Leader)
MARINELLE P. GABOY
(Assistant Leader)
YUSELA KRIS C. AQUINO
JAMIE C. CABRERA
LEONARDO GABRIEL E.LIRA
KRIZZA MAE P. MARTIN
REYNAN C. SEBASTIAN
ELAILA MAE T. TUAZON
Activity no. 7
Elements and Compounds
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
I.
Objectives
This activity aims students to be make a comparison between elements and compounds
and to differentiate organic and inorganic compound in terms of solubility, melting and
boiling points, stability towards heat and combustibility
II.
Theoretical Background
Elements are pure chemical substances that have one or one type of atom. Compounds are
chemical substances that are formed from one or more elements, held together by chemical
bonds.
Elements and Compounds are most commonly heard in chemistry and are considered as
basics of the subject. In order to understand chemistry, a person needs to know the difference
between elements and compounds.
An element is a pure chemical substance that has one or one type of atom, distinguished
by its atomic number. The atomic number is derived from the number of protons present in the
element’s nucleus. There are a total of 118 elements that have been identified, divided between
metal, metalloids and non-metals. Most elements are available on the earth, while a few have
been developed artificially through nuclear reactions. An element is already in its rawest form
and cannot be further broken down. All of the elements can be found in the Periodic Table, listed
by atomic number.
A compound is a substance that has one or more elements in its composition. The
compounds have a fixed ratio of atoms which are held together by chemical bonds, such as
covalent, ionic or metallic. A compound can be broken down into individual elements using
chemical reactions. Most compounds form naturally in order to reach stability, as not all
elements in the periodic table are stable.
Substance whose molecules contain one or more (often many more) carbon atoms
covalent bonded with another element or radical(including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, the
halogens as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur). Any compound that contains carbon atoms
ionically bound to other atoms.(carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, cyanides,
cyanates, carbides, and thyocyanates).
Inorganic compound have salt forming capacity while organic compound do not form
salts. Organic compound have the molecules which contain carbon and hydrogen. Inorganic
compound come mainly from mineral sources of non biological.
III.
Schematic Diagram
Put a tablespoon of sugar in
tanzan(replacement of a test tube)
Add a pinch of benzoic acid on
the vials containing CCl4,
Ethanol and H20
Heat the tanzan over the
alcohol lamp
Observe the outcome of the
heating in sucrose and Sulfur
Put a tablespoon of sulfur
powder in another tanzan
Heat the tanzan containing
sulfur over a flame.
Add a pinch of table salt on the
vials containing CCl4, Ethanol
and H20
Tabulate results and observe
the mixtures that were formed
Place a gram of benzoic acid and
heat it directly over a flame
Repeat with salt.
Heat table salt in a test tube for
two minutes
Place three test tubes containing
1 mL of CCl4, ethanol and H2O
inside the beaker
Fill a 100 mL beaker with tap
water and subject it to heat
Heat a pinch of sugar in a test
tube, afterwards, heat benzoic
acid in a test tube
Add 3 drops of ethanol in an
evaporating dish
Place a lighted matchstick near
the ethanol. Repeat process but
now using CCl4
IV.
Data and Results
A.) ELEMENTS and COMPOUNDS
Color
SULFUR
Heated
Unheated
Yellowish
Yellow
Brown
SUCROSE
Heated
Unheated
Reddish Brown
White
Odor
Unpleasant
Odorless
Odourless
Pleasant
Taste
-
-
-
Sweet
Liquid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Turned powder
again
Fine powder
Melted liquid
White granules
Physical
State
Others
B.) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORGANIC and INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
(Solubility)
Benzoic Acid
Sodium Chloride
WATER
ETHYL ALCOHOL
CCl4
Not soluble
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
Not soluble
Not soluble
In what type of compound is benzoic acid soluble? Benzoic Acid is soluble in both ethyl alcohol
and CCl4
In what type of compound is sodium chloride soluble? Unfortunately, NaCl is only soluble in
H2O
Give a general statement as to the difference in solubility of organic and inorganic compounds.
We have found-out that organic compounds such as benzoic acid dissolve in ethyl alcohol
and carbon tetrachloride which are both organic in nature while sodium chloride dissolves in
water(H2O) which is inorganic in nature. So therefore, organic compounds are soluble in liquid
organic compounds while inorganic compound are soluble in liquid inorganic compounds.
C.) MELTING AND BOILING POINTS
What can you conclude regarding the difference in melting point and boiling point of
organic and inorganic compounds?
When benzoic acid which is organic was subjected to heat, it melted easily and it formed
crystals afterwards while sodium chloride which inorganic just remained solid and popped. So
therefore, organic compounds have lower melting points than inorganic compounds. On the other
experiment, water boiled first, second was the CCl4 and the ethyl alcohol didn’t boil at all. So
therefore, inorganic compounds like water have lower boiling point temperatures than CCl4 ethyl
alcohol which is inorganic.
D.) STABILITY TOWARDS HEAT
 NaCl subjected t to heat
Result : When NaCl(Table salt) was subjected to heat, it popped and it still remained solid, it
turned slightly brownish in color.
Is the product still the same compound? Yes, it is still salt because it is inorganic.
 Table Sugar/sucrose subjected to heat
Result: When sugar was subjected to heat, it immediately melted and turned to brownish black in
color.
 Benzoic Acid subjected to heat
Result : When benzoic acid was subjected to heat, it became liquid in state and when it hardened,
it formed crystals.
Give a general statement as to the difference in stability towards heat of organic and inorganic
compounds
Inorganic compounds such as NaCl produces salts when it is heated and the state still
remains the same but when organic compounds such as Benzoic Acid and Sugar are subjected to
heat they change in state and they form other compounds maybe because their carbon-hydrogen
bonds loosen or maybe because of carbon-containing elements they are composed of.
E.) COMBUSTIBILITY
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V.
Is ethyl alcohol combustible ? Yes, ethyl alcohol is combustible
CCl4? In our experiment, CCl4 is not combustible
Which is more combustible? Ethyl Alcohol is more combustible
Is the result the same if water was used instead of alcohol? No, water is not flammable
and it extinguishes flame unlike ethanol, it combusts if it is contact with flame.
Conclusion
We conclude that elements greatly vary from compounds like sucrose and sulfur because
they produce different substances when they are subjected to heat, they change in state and
they have different physical properties. Also, we have figured-out that compound can be
separated into two, organic and inorganic In differentiating organic and organic compounds
we have concluded the following statements.
 Organic compounds are soluble in organic compounds while inorganic compounds
are soluble in inorganic compounds.
 Organic compounds tend to have lower melting point and higher boiling point while
inorganic compounds have higher melting point and lower boiling points.

Organic Compound when subjected to heat produce other compounds with different
colors, forms crystals and similar in changes while inorganic compounds produce
salts and still remain solid.
And we have figured-out that ethyl alcohol is more combustible than CCl4.
VI.
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References
www. Google.com
Mr. Sta.Ines ‘s discussions
http://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_some_of_the_organic_compounds_isolated_from
_the_plants_dissolved_in_chloroform_and_ethyl_acetate_but_not_dissolved_in_methano
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http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?q=evaporating+dish+with+medicine+dropper&hl=en
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